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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The aging ovary.

Aging of the human ovary is a continuous process that begins intra utero with the demise of the first crop of oocytes. The process continues throughout life with the relentless attrition of the oocyte's capital through three fundamental events: follicle degeneration or atresia, corpus luteum formation, and transformation of varying cell populations from atretic and luteal complexes into stromal cells. The ultimate consequence of ovarian aging is the modulation of this organ from a follicle-rich, cyclic secretor of estrogen and progesterone to a stroma-rich, noncyclic, low secretor of androgen. Other structural features of the "aged" ovary, such as obliterative arteriolar sclerosis and surface epithelium cysts, indicate that obvious involution is admixed with persisting ovarian activity. It appears, then, that even after the reproductive period has ended, the human ovary is still a viable organ. The contribution of this organ to the overall well-being of the postmenopausal woman remains to be defined.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiologic study of toxoplasmosis on a sheep ranch.

An epidemiologic study was done on a ranch in northern California on a flock of ewes that had a history of abortions, mummified fetuses, weak or stillborn lambs, and failure to conceive. Of 56 ewes tested, 33 (59%) had serum agglutinating antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with an unusually high proportion of high titers. Over a 2-year-period, reproductive problems were higher (39% to 42%) among the seropositive ewes than among the seronegative ewes (9% to 33%). Of 89 sera received from persons and 7 species of animals on the ranch, 44 (49%) were found to be seropositive to T gondii, including seropositive members of a family of 6. The rancher's wife and teenage daughter, both of whom were involved with lambing, had serum titers exceeding 4,096. Other members of the family not involved with lambing were seronegative by the indirect hemagglutination test. The 2 infected persons are known to have come in contact with placentas, birth fluids, fetuses, and colostrums from these infected ewes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Anatomo-histologic characteristics of the epiphysis of the female silver fox outside the breeding season].

The epiphysis of mature relatively wild silver foxes of various age living in the fur-farming farm have been studied during November--December. The organ mass (2.72 +/- 0.14 mg) has rather essential individual differences and its statistically significant changes with age are not revealed. There are not any connective septa deviding parenchyma of the organ into lobules. There is also not any definite division between the cortex and medulla. Under all histological methods of treatment the borders of the parenchymal cells are poorly defined. Nuclei of the pinealocytes can be divided into light and dark according to their coloration. The average diameter of the nuclei in the pinealocytes does not practically change with age, nor does the linear density of cellular elements arrangement. A definite individual variability is noted in amount of the cells including secretory granules. The phenomena mentioned demonstrate that the fox epiphysis maintains its constant level of physiological activity during the whole reproductive period of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Cytodiagnosis of endometrial cancer].

Uterine aspiration specimens from 172 females were examined cytologically (cancer in 89, non-cancer process -- in 71, in 12 cases aspiration specimens were obtained in a reproductive period in proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle). It was shown that in a group of histologically verified observations in 45.8% a gynecologist failed to recognize the true endometrial affection. Some cytological criteria elaborated are suggested (dominant, adjuvant and temporary), which combination helped to precisely diagnose cancer cytologically in 93.2%, while various forms of hyperplasia -- in 89.9%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral teratology evaluation of trichloromethane in mice.

Trichloromethane (TCM) has been identified as an important contaminant of drinking water. TCM was evaluated for possible behavioral effects in the offspring of mice treated throughout the reproductive period. Male and female albino mice were gavaged with vehicle (Emulphor: saline) or 31.1 mg/kg/day for 21 days prior to mating, throughout mating (21 days or until a vaginal plug was detected) and the dam was continued with daily gavage throughout gestation and lactation. The pups were also gavaged daily with the same dose beginning on Day 7. Five TCM and five control litters were used for this study. On the day of birth each litter was reduced to 8 pups. For the next 15 days, 3 pups from each litter were randomly selected each day for evaluation on a battery of tests of neurobehavioral development. The scoring system for this test battery was developed for this study. On Day 17 motor performance for all pups was evaluated using the latency to right themselves on an inverted screen. On Days 22 and 23 they were evaluated on a one-trial passive avoidance learning task. No consistent significant differences were observed in any of the measures between TCM and vehicle treated groups.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Study of some minerals in normal Egyptian scalp hair.

Scalp hair of 128 normal individuals of both sexes and of differing ages was examined for its mineral content by flame photometric and colorimetric procedures. The results obtained revealed that sodium and potassium may be considered as sex specific and of value as a medico-legal sign, while no marked difference was observed between male and female calcium content. The values of scalp hair copper were found to be slightly higher in females than in males. Similarly the mean value of scalp hair iron was found higher in females than in males, especially during the female reproductive period. Regarding the scalp hair phosphorus content, it has been found that a relationship between phosphorus and calcium does exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. VI. An analysis of the genetic component of fertility dispersion in the population of Nokhor].

The index of the total opportunity for selection (the Crow index) and the genetic part of total variance in progeny size was studied in small Turkmenian isolated population "Nochur". The average number of children per family in families that had completed their reproductive period was 6.84, the variance being 12.31. The index of total opportunity for selection was computed by the standard method of J. Crow: Jm = 0.313, Jf = 0.454, Jtot = 0.909. Some correlation coefficients of the progeny size were calculated. The sister-sister correlation coefficient was significantly distinguished from 0 and was equal to +0.22. Thus, the genetic part of total variance of the progeny size is 0.4-0.5. It is essential for understanding of the Jf estimation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Medico-genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. V. A population and demographic description of the Nokhur isolate].

The paper deals with demographic, genealogical and genetic characterization of one Turkmenian isolate--"Nochur". The data on its load of hereditary diseases were published previously. The Turkmenian "Nochurly" tribe consists of 19 large and small clanes. 600 nuclear families live in a small mountain valley of the same name. The share of prereproductive age class is 60%, of reproductive class--29%, this value for postreproductive class being 11%. The average number of children per family, when the families have completed their reproductive period, is 6.84. The average duration of generation (the mean parental age to the birth time of a mean newborn) is 37.7 and 31 years for a man and woman, respectively. Immigration into Nochur is practically absent, there is a flow of emigrants to the capital of the Republic, Ashkhabad. A very high level of assortative mating has been noted, the minimal estimation of inbreeding coefficient being 0.033 (the pedigree) and the maximal--0.0529 (isonimy). Diminishing of the number of lethal equivalents between 1940-1965 and 1966-1980 was discovered. This can be explained by a decrease in natural selection pressure. The data on distribution of genetic markers of the ABO, MN, Rh, Hp and Pp systems within this isolated population are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Arterial microcirculation of the human ovary. Preliminary report].

Trying a standardization of methods for studying the microcirculation of the human ovary in reproductive period the authors studied 8 post-mortem ovaries of women aged between 18 and 35 years. It is concluded that the cleared method allows a better observation of the hilar and medullary vessels, while microangiography is better for the cortical vessels. The histological correlation is fundamental for the correct interpretation of the microangiographic images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of buformin and diphenylhydantoin on the life span, estrous function and spontaneous tumor incidence in rats].

Chronic treatment of female rats with buformin (k mg/day per rat) is shown to decrease the body weight, to increase the average life span by 9% and to reduce the incidence of spontaneous tumors. The administration of diphenylhydantoin (7.5 mg/day per rat) would not change these parameters. The treatment of rats with buformin and diphenylhydantoin was also found to prolong their reproductive period and to reinitiate regular estrous cycles in persistent estrous rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Inversion polymorphism in the malarial mosquito, Anopheles messeae. III. The temporal dynamics of the inversion frequencies in the population of the center of a geographic range].

The karyotypic structure of the studied population shows the clear temporal differentiation. The frequencies of the homozygotes IIR/IIR, IIIR1/IIIR1 and IIIL/IIIL increase to the middle of the reproductive period. This homozygotes are initial gene arrangements in the phylogenetic sense and their adaptive value is evidently higher than the alternative homozygotes during the population flowering. Inter-year correlations of the dynamic frequencies of several gene arrangements appears to be due to density-dependent selection. The population karyotypic structure is characterised by a high dynamics during the season. However, no directional displacement of the inversion frequencies was observed. This stability is explained by homeostasis of the population genetic structure.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The Drosophila melanogaster Adh locus upon selection for delayed aging].

Dynamics of the Adh activity and frequencies of alleles AdhF and AdhS were analyzed under selection for delayed senescence. The experiments were performed on Drosophila melanogaster. Lines AdhS cn and AdhF vg and experimental populations cn and vg, selected for an increased duration of reproductive period (late oviposition) were used. Analysis of fertility, longevity, viability and resistance to starvation showed that selection for late oviposition resulted in delayed senescence of flies of the experimental populations. Genetic structure of population vg changed considerably with regard to the Adh locus. This was confirmed by parameters of activity, thermostability and electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme isolated from flies after 30 generations of selection. Analysis of frequencies of the Adh alleles showed that in both selected populations, which initially had different genetic composition, accumulated allele AdhS, which encodes the isozyme that is less active but more resistant to inactivation. Genetic mechanism of delayed senescence in Drosophila is assumed to involve selection at vitally important enzyme loci, including Adh.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the hormonal status in women with bladder neoplasms].

In a controlled trial a gynecological history has been studied for 154 females with bladder tumors against 213 matched women without the tumor. The risk to develop the tumor was found to rise with the history of a short reproductive period, abortions, primary infertility, cancer of the corpus uteri and of the breast, ovarian cysts. Tryptophan metabolism assessed in 242 and 541 women and men with bladder cancer and free of it, respectively, was indicative of more frequent urinary registration of carcinogenic tryptophan metabolite 3-oxyantranilic acid: for females 40.5 per 100 in case of cancer, 10 per 100 in healthy ones; for males with cancer 33.9, without cancer 7.4 per 100 examinees. Radioimmunoassays of hormone concentrations in the serum with correlation to tryptophan metabolism for 55 cancer and 49 healthy females showed lowered levels of progesterone, folitropin and lutropine to occur more often in cancer women with urinary 3-oxyantranilic acid. The above endogenic factors analyzed retrospectively suggest involvement of hormonal status alterations in bladder cancer onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Mutagenic activity of luminal and pyrazidol].

The mutagenic activity of two psychotropic preparations luminal and pyrazidol was studied. It was shown that luminal is capable of indicing chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of mice as well as dominant lethal mutations in postmeiotic stages of spermiogenesis. This allows one to consider it as genetically dangerous. Pyrazidol did not show any mutagenic activity in the studied test objects. These data must be taken into account when treating individuals who are still in the reproductive period of life.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the expression of temperature-dependent dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster].

The results of a series of investigations on obtaining and analysing dominant temperature-sensitive lethals (DTS-lethals) are summarized. Using EMS, both cold- and heat sensitive mutations of this type were induced in large autosomes. The cold-sensitive mutations of chromosome 3 were revealed for the first time. The effect of genetic phone on DTS lethal penetrance and expressivity was studied. The character of expression of two mutations possessing a pleiotropic action was examined. The heat-sensitive 1(2)M90DTS mutation disturbed the structure of abdominal tergites in all imago and, besides, caused an abrupt decrease in the female reproductive period. The pattern of alterations observed in oogenesis along with the result of phenogenetic analysis suggest that this gene takes part in the genetic control over the proliferation of stem oogonial cells. The cold-sensitive 1(2)M66DCS mutation caused a number of disturbances in imago thoracic structures: inability to flight, raised up wings, extremity fracture, etc. Mutant flies showed serious disorders of indirect flight muscles both at morphological and at ultrastructural levels. It was established that this mutation was a cold-sensitive allele of Mhc gene which controls the synthesis of myosine heavy chains in drosophila.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Maternal mortality in central Serbia].

This paper described the trend of official maternal mortality rate in Serbia excluding provinces for the last 30 years and it was investigated whether it was underregistered. Data for calculation of the official rate of maternal mortality were obtained from the publications of the official health statistics. Five hundred and three death certificates of women in reproductive period, that died in the period May-December 1992 in central Serbia, were examined to investigate underregistration. Notable decrease of the official rate of maternal mortality found in the period of 30 years, could be the basis for satisfaction if the results of investigation did not suggest that the significant number of maternal deaths was underregistered.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age changes in the structure of adenohypophysical gonadotropocytes and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurocytes].

The results of cytochemical and electron-microscopic examinations show a similarity for age- and season-dependent changes in hormone secretion of the adenohypophysial gonadotropocytes and the arcuate nucleus function of the hypothalamus in geeze. Transition to sexual maturity and the reproductive period are connected with the intensive evacuation of secretory granules from the above-mentioned structures. The period of sexual quietness is characterized by the absence of secretory granules in the neurocytes of the arcuate nucleus and by a slow evacuation of secretion from gonadotropocytes.

Aging↗