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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A role for the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3 in Na+ channel inhibition.

We showed recently that ginsenosides inhibit the activity of various types of ion channel. Here we have investigated the role of the carbohydrate component of ginsenoside Rg3 in the inhibition of Na+ channels. The channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injecting cRNAs encoding rat brain Nav1.2 alpha and beta1 subunits, and analyzed by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Treatment with Rg3 reversibly inhibited the inward Na+ peak current (INa) with an IC50 of 32.2 +/- 4.5 microM, and the inhibition was voltage-dependent. To examine the role of the sugar moiety, we prepared a straight chain form of the second glucose and a conjugate of this glucose with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid hydrazide (HPPH). Neither derivative inhibited INa. Treatment with the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3, sophorose [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)- beta-glucopyranoside], or the aglycone (protopanaxadiol), on their own or in combination had no effect on INa. These observations indicate that the carbohydrate portion of ginsenoside Rg3 plays an important role in its effect on the Na+ channel.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Alkaline-degradation products of ginsenosides from leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium].

AIM: To study the alkaline-degradation products of ginsenosides from leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L. METHODS: Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel and HPLC; the structures of chemical constituents were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: From the alkaline-degradation products, nine compounds were identified as: 20 (S) -protopanaxadiol (I), 20 (S) -dammar-25 (26)-ene-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol (II), 24 (R) -ocotillol (III), 20 (S) -protopanaxatriol (IV), 20 (S) -dammar-25 (26)-ene-3beta, 6alpha, 12beta, 20-tetrol (V), dammar-20 (21), 24-diene-3beta, 12beta-diol (VI), dammar-20(21), 24-diene-3beta, 6alpha, 12beta-triol (VII), 20 (S), 24 (S) -dammar-25 (26) -ene-3beta, 6alpha, 12beta, 20, 24-pentanol (VIII), 20 (S) -dammar-23-ene-25-hydroperoxyl-3beta, 6alpha, 12beta, 20-tetrol (IX). CONCLUSION: The configuration of C20 position of ginsenosides was not changed by alkaline-degradation. The complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of four new compounds V, VII, VIII, IX, were acquired by means of 2D NMR spectra. Compound I showed antitumor effect on human colon carcinoma cells in vitro.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2006

[Analysis of ginsenosides in Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry].

A method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS) in negative ion mode was developed for the analysis of ginsenosides in Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction (Panax gingeng C. A. Mey, Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl, Shisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.). The analyses were preformed on a reversed-phase C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 150 mm, 5 microm) using a binary eluent (10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (A) and acetonitrile (B), 1 mL/min) under gradient conditions (60% A - 40% A at 0 - 30 min, 40% A - 30% A at 30 - 40 min). Seventeen ginsenosides (20 (R) -Rh1, Rh2, Rg3, Rg2; 20 (S) -Rh1, Rh2, Rg3, Rg2; Rf, Rg6, Rg5, F4, Rk1, Rk3, Rh4; 20 (S)- and 20 (R) -protopanaxatriol) were well separated and detected at 203 nm by a DAD detector. The effluent from the DAD detector was introduced into the electrospray ionization (ESI) source in a post-column splitting flow rate at 0.3 mL/min. In the mass spectrum two major ions [M - H]- and [M + AcO]- were observed for ginsenoside standards (20 (R) -Rh1, Rg3, Rh2; 20 (S) -Rh1, Rg3, Rh2; 20 (S)- and 20 (R) -protopanaxatriol) and ginsenosides in Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction. Some other ions [M - Glc - H]-, [M - 2Glc - H]-, [M - Rha - H- and [M - Rha - Glc - H]- were also found in the mass spectrum of ginsenosides of Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction. In the decoction process ginsenosides changed into constituents of moderate and low polarity by hydrolysis, isomerization and dehydration at the site of C-20 and hydrolysis reaction also occurred at the site of C-3 or C-6. The work above presents a quick and accurate assay method which can could be used for the qualitative analysis of ginsenosides in Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction and the quality control of Sheng-Mai-Yin preparation.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1991

[Dynamic variation of saikosaponin contents].

In this paper both the cultivated and wild Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium from northeast China of different growing periods and ages were analyzed for the contents of saikosaponins a and d by HPLC and total saikosaponins by spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the saikosaponin content of B. chinense was higher than that of B. scorzonerifolium, and that the saikosaponin contents of the cultivated species were higher than or almost equal to those of the wild ones. It was also found that both the cultivated and wild B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium featured the highest contents of saikosaponins in the nutrition-growing period.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanism of the interaction of the pH-dependent cytostatic cauloside C with the membranes of tumor cells and liposomes].

The effect of the medium pH on accumulation of [3H]-cauloside C by tumor cells, its intracellular localization, and interaction of the glicoside with membranes of tumor cells and liposomes has been studied. The shift towards weakly acids pH leads to the increase in the amount of cauloside C accumulated by tumor cells and changes the pattern of interaction of cauloside C with the membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on triterpenoids of total glucosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (T II)].

Five triterpenoids were isolated from total Glucosides of Tripterygium Wilfordii (T II). T1 was identified as wilforlide A; T2 a new triterpenic acid, as 3 beta-22 beta-dihydroxy-delta 12-oleanen-29-oic acid, named Triptotriterpenic acid B; T6 as orthosphenic acid; T3 and T28 had been reported in other papers. T2, T6 and T28 have been further confirmed by X-ray analysis. All of them were shown to have anti-inflammatory action except T1 wasn't examined.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

[A new minor saponin from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer].

Two minor compounds isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer were characterized as 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (I) and 3 beta, 6 alpha, 12 beta-trihydroxydammar-20 (22), 24-diene-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II) on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidences. I was isolated for the first time from the leaves; II was shown to be a new saponin and was named as ginsenoside-Rg4.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Research on correlations between climatic factors and diosgenin content in Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright].

Dioscorea zingiberensis wright is native to China. In this paper correlations between seven climatic factors (mean annual temperature, mean annual relative humidity, mean annual 5 cm soil temperature, annual precipitation. Annual sunshine hours, mean annual sunshine percentage and annual greater than or equal to 10 degrees C accumulative temperature) and diosgenin content has been reported. It is annual precipitation and mean annual 5 cm soil temperature that are real principal factors affecting the diosgenin content. The most suitable climatic range for the biosynthesis and accumulation of diosgenin is as follows: Annual precipitation: 800-900 mm, 850 mm the best. Mean annual 5 cm soil temperature: 15-17 degrees C, 16 degrees C the best.

Diosgenin↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of saikosaponins in radix Bupleuri using HPLC].

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of saikosaponin a, c and d in Radix Bupleuri was developed. YMC-pack A-314 ODS column (6 x 300mm) with an eluent consisting of acetone-water (58:42) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min was used. The saikosaponins were monitored by a differential refractometer without being converted into the corresponding diene derivatives in advance. Megestrol was used as the internal standard. The recovery rate of saikosaponins was higher than 95% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.08%. The contents of saikosaponins a, c and d of 13 species of Radix Bupleuri collected in different districts of China were evaluated by this method.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of oleanolic acid on immune system and type I allergic reaction].

Oleanolic acid (OLA)50, 100 mg/kg sc antagonised the inhibitory effect of cortisone on the weights of spleen and thymus, decreased the clearance rate of charcoal particles in mice. The production of serum specific antibody hemolysin was not clearly affected by OLA. The administration of OLA 100 mg/kg enhanced the development of serum antibody immunoglobulin G in mice and showed marked inhibition on the hemolytic activity of the total complement by classical pathway in guinea pigs. In addition, the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice or rats and the degranulation of mast cells of calvarial periosteum in rats were significantly prevented by OLA 50, 100 mg/kg. The increased capillary permeability in the rat skin caused by intradermic injection of histamine was also reduced by OLA 100 mg/kg. These results indicate that OLA inhibited the type I allergic reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Toxicity of isolated Lantana (Lantana camara L) constituents to male and female guinea pigs.

A toxin fraction was obtained from Lantana camara L (red variety) leaves by batch extraction and column chromatography on silica gel (60-120 mesh). The main constituents of the toxin preparation were lantadene A and lantadene B and it was devoid of reduced lantadene A. Oral administration (125 mg/kg bwt) of the toxin to male and female guinea pigs caused icterus and photosensitization within 48 hr. All the affected animals had hepatomegaly and significant increases in conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in blood plasma. The intoxicated animals of either sex had marked increases in acid phosphatase activity which was inhibited 45.77% and 49.35% by 1 mM tartrate in male and female animals respectively. The corresponding inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in control male and female guinea pigs was 15.91% and 20.33% respectively.

Acid Phosphatase↗