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PubMed1999

Low-grade malignant perineurioma of the paravertebral column, transforming into a high-grade malignancy.

A demarcated 6 x 5 cm right paravertebral tumor at the level of T6 in a 39-year-old male was removed surgically. Histologically, the tumor consisted of monomorphous benign-looking, low-cellular spindle cells embedded in desmoplastic stroma. Ten years later, the tumor recurred locally with metastasis to systemic organs, including the occipital skin. Malignancy was histologically evident by the increased cellularity, cellular atypia and mitotic activity. The patient died of respiratory failure at the age of 49. Retrospectively reviewed, the primary lesion was low-grade fibrosarcoma-like spindle cell tumor, with secondary transformation into a highly malignant form. The differential diagnoses included sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells in the primary and recurrent tumors consistently expressed epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, type 4 collagen and laminin. The tumor cells in the present case showed a differentiation toward perineurial cells, which are normally positive for these immunohistochemical markers. Hence, the appropriate diagnostic term should be 'malignant perineurioma', a subtype of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Myoid differentiation in mesoblastic nephroma: clinicopathologic and cytogenetic findings of a rare case.

The authors report the case of a benign renal mesenchymal tumor in a baby boy detected by ultrasound scanning during prenatal diagnosis. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) with myoid differentiation. The tumor normally is characterized by a fascicular proliferation of bland, spindle-shaped cells. CMN is the most common renal tumor in the neonatal period and presumedly results from a neoplastic transformation affecting the pluripotent mesodermal nephric blastema. In embryonic life, tumorigenic influences acting on the nephric blastema might result in selective overgrowth of its mesoblastic derivates. CMN must be differentiated from other spindle-shaped tumors, like Wilms' tumor, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, clear cell sarcoma, nephrogenic adenofibroma, fibroma and fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma, metanephric stromal tumor, and, in this case especially, from tumors with myoid differentiation like infantile myofibromatosis. Numerical molecular abnormalities are observed frequently in renal mesenchymal tumors, especially in chromosome 11. Cytogenetic findings in our tumor after comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) showed full trisomies of chromosomes 20 and 22q, partial trisomies for the distal part of 11q and 1p, and an approximately full monosomy of chromosome 4 (4qter-4p15). The chromosomal imbalances of the tumor can be described as: rev ish enh(1p31pter,11q23qter,20,22), dim(4)(p15qter).

DNA, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1999

Imaging of Soft Tissue Neoplasms in the Adult: Malignant Tumors.

This review discusses the spectrum of malignant soft tissue tumors usually found in adults. Lesions most commonly identified in the pediatric population, as well as tumorlike masses, are not covered. Rather than presenting a complete review, the focus of this discussion is on common lesions and those lesions in which the diagnosis may be suggested on the basis of imaging. Diagnoses covered include malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, leiomyosarcoma, aggressive vascular tumors, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

Immunoreactivity of paraffin-embedded normal tissues and mesenchymal tumors for smooth muscle myosin.

Immunohistochemical study of smooth muscle myosin, a protein distinct from skeletal, cardiac, or nonmyogenous myosins in paraffin-embedded normal tissues and benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors revealed its strong expression in normal smooth muscle, capillary endothelium, and pericytes. All benign smooth muscle tumors with exception of gastric leiomyomas and few other leiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract displayed strong or moderate immunoreactivity. On the other hand, strong or moderate immunoreactivity was detected in only eight of 28 spindle-cell leiomyosarcomas, as well as in 13 out of 27 malignant fibrous histiocytomas and three out of nine malignant hemangiopericytomas, while epithelioid leiomyosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, malignant schwannomas, and synovial sarcomas were negative or only weakly positive. Our results demonstrate that, while smooth muscle myosin is a very good marker of normal smooth muscle and benign smooth muscle tumors, it is expressed in diagnostically significant amounts in less than a third of spindle-cell leiomyosarcomas and none of the studied epithelioid leiomyosarcomas.

Female↗

PubMed1994

Solitary fibrous tumor. Consistent CD34 immunoreactivity and occurrence in the orbit.

The distinction of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) from histologically similar neoplasms relies heavily on a characteristic microscopic appearance. No discriminating ultrastructural or immunohistochemical features are known. We evaluated 22 SFTs and 118 other tumors often considered in the differential diagnosis for immunoreactivity using a monoclonal antibody directed against the human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen, CD34. All the SFTs (22 of 22, 100%) demonstrated strong CD34 immunoreactivity, irrespective of tumor site and histologic grade. Strong and generalized CD34 positivity was also found in most dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (11 of 12, 92%) and occasional smooth-muscle tumors (leiomyomas 2 of 11, 18%; leiomyosarcomas 2 of 11, 18%). Variable numbers of CD34 positive cells were present in all neurofibromas (9 of 9, 100%) and focally present in most schwannomas (8 of 9, 89%). Some of the hemangiopericytomas (7 of 16, 44%) exhibited CD34 immunoreactivity, however, generally with weak intensity and patchy distribution. CD34 immunoreactivity was not observed in mesotheliomas (0 of 20, 0%), synovial sarcomas (0 of 13, 0%), fibrosarcomas (0 of 12, 0%), or spindle-cell thymomas (0 of 5, 0%). We conclude that CD34 immunoreactivity is a sensitive marker for SFT and, in conjunction with an appropriate immunohistochemical panel, may be useful in discriminating SFTs from other histologically similar neoplasms. The observation that some mesenchymal stromal cells and SFTs share a CD34-positive immunophenotype suggests a histogenetic relationship. The inclusion in this study of two cases of SFTs arising in the orbit establishes another site of origin for this tumor and provides further support for a mesenchymal histogenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1975

Soft tissue sarcomas.

One hundred fifty-five adult patients with "operable" soft part sarcomas including rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma of the trunk and extremities are reviewed. Local recurrences of 93% and 60% occurred after local and wide excisions of the primary tumor. In this series of patients, amputation was the most efficient procedure for controlling the primary site. The absolute 5 and 10-year survival rates for all groups of tumors were 50% and 26%. Development of a second primary tumor of a different cell type occurred in 9% of the patients. Local recurrence, single distant metastasis, and/or second primary tumors should be considered potentially curable and appropriate surgical and/or radiation therapy carried out.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2005

Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma arising in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities and neoplasms including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and sarcomas (i.e. leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma). Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma (PCC), a rare tumor composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components, has never been previously described in association with this syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old Hispanic man with a history of NBCC presented with a 4 cm nodule on the right proximal medial thigh. PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS: Areas of typical BCC merged with intersecting fascicles of large atypical spindle cells that stained for vimentin and were negative for actin, desmin, CD-34, and S-100 protein. Scattered bizarre solitary cytokeratin-positive epithelioid cells were embedded within the fibrocytic proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Several carcinosarcomas have been reported to contain BCC as the malignant epithelial component, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of PCC associated with NBCC. Mutation in patched tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9q occurs in BCCs of NBCC, and aberrancies on chromosome 9q are also reported in some carcinosarcomas. It is possible that the known genetic defect on chromosome 9 in this patient contributed to the development of carcinosarcoma. Bhattacharjee P, Leffell D, McNiff JM. Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma arising in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome↗

PubMed1996

In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel nucleoside, 4'-thio-2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine.

The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel nucleoside, 4'-thio-2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (4'-thio-DMDC), was examined. 4'-Thio-DMDC inhibited the growth of various cell lines established from human solid cancers, particularly the growth of lung and bladder carcinomas and melanomas. 4'-Thio-DMDC exhibited potent antitumor activity against subcutaneously implanted murine sarcoma S-180 and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts. It was shown that 4'-thio-DMDC suppressed cell growth by inhibiting cellular DNA synthesis, and phosphorylation of the 5'-position of its deoxyribose by deoxycytidine kinase was needed for its antitumor activity. 4'-Thio-DMDC is a poor substrate for cytidine deaminase, thus it is a promising agent for the treatment of malignant solid tumors because it will not be converted into its inactive uridine form.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Evaluation of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor by scheduled intratumoral administration in mice bearing transplantable tumors.

The antitumor effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) was examined against Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice and Sarcoma-180 in ddY mice. Significant hemorrhagic necrosis in tumor tissues occurred within 24 hr when optimal rTNF (1,000 to 5,000 units per mouse) was injected intratumorally on day 5 after intradermal inoculation of 5 x 10(5) tumor cells. Complete tumor regression resulted when two repeated courses of administration a week, each for 3 consecutive days, were given. For this marked effect to occur, however, initial tumor weight should not be greater than 1 g. When the initial tumor was greater than 1 g the surgical removal of tumor tissues was conducted and followed by rTNF administration. This caused hemorrhagic necrosis and the regression was the case with smaller tumors. When the cured mice were rechallenged with same tumors, more than 60% of mice rejected the tumors in a specific manner. In spite of such demonstration of specific immunity, well-known immunological effector mechanisms such as augmentation of natural killer cell activity, activation of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity or induction of interferon activity by rTNF were not detected in normal and tumor-bearing mice, suggesting that the activation of immunoregulatory cells by TNF itself may not involve at least in an early stage of TNF treatment. These results suggest that rTNF is a potent therapeutic agent for a certain solid tumor when the protocol of administration is optimized.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Invasion of reconstituted basement membrane matrix is not correlated to the malignant metastatic cell phenotype.

Interactions between tumor cells and basement membranes represent a critical step in the progression of neoplasia and in the metastatic process. Reconstituted basement membrane matrix, matrigel, has been recently used with the aim of developing an in vitro assay of tumor cell invasiveness. We have extended these studies by comparing the invasiveness of a large series of normal and malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells of human and animal origin cultured on matrigel. Normal cells (fibroblasts, glomerular mesangial cells, keratinocytes), human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080), and reticular sarcoma cells (M5076) clearly established invasive capabilities in the matrix. However, all the other tested cell lines, malignant or virally transformed cells invasive in vivo (MCF7, T47D, SA52, SW613, MO4, A431, BeWo), as well as normal nontransformed cells (MOH22) were incapable of penetration. The morphological features of matrigel invasion by normal fibroblasts and HT1080 cells are described at the light and electron microscope levels. The extent of degradation of a radiolabeled matrigel is minimal and similar in several cell lines reported to be noninvasive or invasive in vivo. Our data suggest that matrigel does not provide a universal model to correlate the invasiveness of cells in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Biochemical characterization of tumor rejection antigen (TRA) and genetic control in anti-TRA immune responses].

A tumor antigen capable of inducing tumor resistance (tumor rejection antigen; TRA) was obtained in a solubilized form by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-extraction of plasma membrane fraction from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced CSA1M fibrosarcoma cells (BALB/c origin). Analyses by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that TRA activity was recovered in the fraction of an approximate molecular weight (m. w.) of 60kD. Such TRA was also found to exist in plasma membrane fraction from various RSV-induced tumor cells but not from tumor cells induced with agents other than RSV. Unfractionated crude SDS-solubilized preparation contained gp 70 as detected by rabbit anti-gp 70 antiserum, whereas this reactivity was lost in the fraction exhibiting an m.w. of about 60 kD. Since this fraction retained pp60src activity, the relation of TRA to pp60src was further investigated. pp60src was also obtained from the lysate of v-src-expressing yeast transformant. Immunization of BALB/c mice with such pp60v-src-containing lysate failed to induce any significant tumor protection. The above 60 kD fraction of CSA1M solubilized antigens was allowed to bind to Sepharose beads coupled with anti-pp60src monoclonal antibody and was depleted of pp60src. Immunization with the fraction depleted of pp60src activity (bead-unbound fraction) resulted in potent tumor protection. These results indicate that the CSA1M solubilized membranous component(s) which has an approximate m.w. of 60kD but is (are) distinct from functional pp60src functions as the TRA against RSV-induced CSA1M tumor cells. The results are discussed in the context of (1) the relationship between the src gene and the expression of TRA and (2) genetic control in immune responses to the TRA common to RSV-induced tumor cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10) in mesenchymal tumors.

The expression of the CD10 antigen, formerly designated as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen and recently identified as neutral endopeptidase, was examined immunohistochemically in 26 benign and in 55 malignant mesenchymal tumors. CD10 expression was found in 4 of 4 leiomyomas, 7 of 10 leiomyosarcomas, 1 of 6 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 of 2 Triton tumors, 1 of 2 aggressive fibromatoses, 1 of 3 fibrosarcomas, 1 of 4 synovial sarcomas, 1 of 1 giant cell tumors of tendon sheath, 4 of 4 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 3 of 3 Ewing's sarcomas, and 2 of 3 osteosarcomas. Furthermore, CD10 was expressed consistently in the myoepithelial compartment of 12 fibroadenomas and, in 7 of these cases, in a minor stromal cell population, probably of (myo-) fibroblastic origin. Tumors of adipose tissue (4 lipomas, 5 liposarcomas), tumors of autonomic ganglia (2 ganglioneuromas, 1 ganglioneuroblastoma, 2 neuroblastomas), tumors of peripheral nerves with purely schwannian differentiation (7 malignant schwannomas), and tumors of disputed origin were consistently CD10-negative, however, as were single cases of fibroma and chondrosarcoma. These findings indicate that the expression of CD10 is a frequent but not obligatory feature in some mesenchymal tumors. Therefore CD10 is of value in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal tumors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1988

Induction of tumor-specific in vivo protective immunity by immunization with tumor antigen-pulsed antigen-presenting cells.

The present study investigates the role of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in inducing tumor-specific in vivo protective immunity. Thy-1+ cell-depleted, Mac-1+ cell-enriched fraction of normal BALB/c spleen cells were used as a source of APC. These APC were cultured in vitro with the membrane fraction isolated from Rous sarcoma virus-induced CSA1M fibrosarcoma derived from BALB/c strain. The administration of such APC into naive BALB/c mice generated the capacity of these animals to reject the subsequently challenged viable CSA1M tumor cells. The induction of anti-CSA1M in vivo protective immunity required three consecutive immunizations with more than 10(5) APC which had been pulsed in vitro with 200 micrograms protein component of CSA1M membrane fraction. This immunity was tumor-specific, since the inoculation of CSA1M or Meth A fibrosarcoma membrane component-pulsed APC resulted in the selective immunity against the challenge with homologous types of tumor cells. The CSA1M-specific in vivo protective immunity was also induced by injecting APC pulsed with solubilized CSA1M membrane components. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the efficiency for inducing anti-CSA1M immunity was much higher in the utilization of tumor antigen-pulsed APC than in the immunization with tumor antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. These results indicate the crucial role of APC in generating tumor rejection immunity in vivo, and this model presents a novel approach to induce tumor-specific immunity without utilizing tumor cells themselves.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Tissue uptake, distribution, and potency of the photoactivatable dye chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine in mice bearing transplantable tumors.

The potency of chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (ClAlSPc) as a photosensitizing agent for photodynamic therapy of cancer was evaluated in vivo by its ability to be taken up and retained by murine tumors of diverse histological origin. Antitumor effects following laser irradiation were evaluated by measurement of the tumor weights of dissected-out tumor masses. Three tumors (Colo 26, a colorectal carcinoma; M5076, a reticulum cell sarcoma; and UV-2237, a fibrosarcoma) growing s.c. in the flank region retained substantially greater quantities of ClAlSPc than did adjacent skin and muscle achieving peak values 24-48 h after the i.v. administration of ClAlSPc (10 mg/kg). The relative magnitude of ClAlSPc retention by these tumors was Colo 26 greater than M5076 greater than UV-2237. However, normal liver and spleen were organs which retained the greatest amounts of ClAlSPc even compared to the s.c. grown tumors and other normal tissues examined. Flow cytometric analysis of tumor cell suspensions obtained from collagenase-digested tumors showed that individual neoplastic cells were capable of taking up and retaining ClAlSPc. Photodynamic therapy, undertaken by i.v. administration of dye (5 mg/kg) followed 24 h later by local laser light irradiation (675 nm, 100 J), brought about significant (Colo 26, M5076, and 3LL tumors) and obvious but nonsignificant (UV-2237 tumor) reductions in tumor weights, as assessed 5 days later. Thus, selective tumor retention of ClAlSPc coupled with a significant response to red light produced dramatic alterations in cancer growth.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1974

Tumours of the soft (mesenchymal) tissues.

This is a classification of tumours of fibrous tissue, fat, muscle, blood and lymph vessels, and mast cells, irrespective of the region of the body in which they arise. Tumours of fibrous tissue are divided into fibroma, fibrosarcoma (including "canine haemangiopericytoma"), other sarcomas, equine sarcoid, and various tumour-like lesions. The histological appearance of the tumours is described and illustrated with photographs.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Primary sarcoma of the spleen].

Four cases of sarcoma of the spleen, two fibrosarcomas and two malignant haemangioendotheliomas (mHE), are described. They correspond to an frequency of 0.08% of the post-mortem material. Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the spleen have not been considered. There are distinct differences between fibrosarcomas and mHE with respect to macroscopic appearance, behavior and formation of metastases. Differential diagnostic problems in the histologic assessment of mHE are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Pattern of malignant bone tumour in northern areas of Pakistan.

A review of 280 primary malignant bone tumours diagnosed during 1984-1988 is presented. These constituted 3.14% of all malignant tumours. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Majority of these patients presented with rapidly growing mass, pain and deformity. Histologically, osteosarcoma was the most frequent (36.4%) primary malignant tumour. Male to female ratio was 3.31:1. More than 49% of these cases were in their second decade of life. In females the greatest frequency was in 10-15 years and in males 16-20 years age groups. Femur was the most frequent site. Other common malignant bone tumours included chondrosarcoma (22.1%), plasma cell myeloma (15.0%) and Ewings's sarcoma (8.6%). Miscellaneous cases of fibrosarcoma, chrodoma, adamentinoma and ameloblastoma were also seen. This study outlines the frequency, symptomatology and histological pattern of various malignant bone tumours in northern areas of Pakistan.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Complete regression of human fibrosarcoma xenografts after local Newcastle disease virus therapy.

We have recently demonstrated that a single local injection of the avian pathogen Newcastle disease virus (NDV; strain 73-T) causes complete regression of human neuroblastoma xenografts in athymic mice (R. M. Lorence, K. W. Reichard, B. B. Katubig, H. M. Reyes, A. Phuangsab, B. R. Mitchell, C. J. Cascino, R. J. Walter, and M. E. Peeples. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 86: 1228-1233, 1994). In this report, we tried to determine if this in vivo antineoplastic effect of NDV extends to human sarcomas. Athymic mice with s.c. HT1080 fibrosarcoma xenografts (7-14 mm) were randomly divided into two groups and treated i.t. with a single injection of either 10(7) plaque-forming units of NDV or phosphate-buffered saline. Complete tumor regression occurred in 8 of 10 mice treated with NDV while unabated tumor growth occurred in all 9 mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (P < 0.001). To determine if complete tumor regression was long lasting, the 8 mice were monitored for 1 year, during which time no tumor recurred. To test the antitumor effects of NDV on tumors derived from a fresh human sarcoma, a similar experiment was performed in athymic mice using TH15145 synovial sarcoma xenografts at their first and second passages. Of 9 mice with TH15145 xenografts, a single i.t. injection of NDV (10(7) plaque-forming units) caused complete regression of 3 tumors and > 80% regression in 3 more tumors. In contrast, tumors in all 5 mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline exhibited unabated growth (P < 0.03 for > 80% tumor regression). Since HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells express the N-ras oncogene, we explored the effects that transfection of this oncogene has on the sensitivity to NDV. Cultured human fibroblasts that were made tumorigenic following N-ras-transfection were found to be 1000-fold more sensitive to NDV than normal fibroblasts in a cytotoxicity assay. Oncogene expression by the HT1080 fibrosarcoma may therefore contribute to the long-lasting complete regression of this sarcoma following a single local injection of NDV.

Animals↗