PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STOMACH DILATATION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Acute gastric dilatation in neglected children.

Acute gastric dilatation occurred in five children suffering from parental neglect of deprivational dwarfism. Pathogenesis of acute gastric atony in the deprived child is related to structural and functional changes in the stomach due to chronic starvation, and the acute ingestion of a large meal. Radiographic recognition of acute gastric dilatation in a child who is not postoperative or intoxicated should suggest the presence of chronic starvation and child neglect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Experimental production of gastric dilation and its association with osmoregulatory stress and biogenic amines in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum).

Chinook salmon smolt in fresh water fed a commercial diet known to produce minimal gastric dilation and air sacculitis (GDAS) were randomly assigned to four experimental tanks with flow-through sea water. All four groups were acclimatized to sea water for 3 weeks and fed a diet of minced fresh seafood. After 3 weeks the groups were fed either; seafood as before, a different commercial pelleted diet associated with the development of GDAS on farms, or either diet supplemented with 500 mg L(-1) putrescine, 300 mg L(-1) cadaverine and 250 mg L(-1) tyramine. Gastric dilation was produced in fish fed the commercial diet for 1 month but not by feeding a diet of minced seafood. The addition of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine to either diet had no significant effect on the development of gastric dilation. Fish fed the commercial diet had significantly (P < 0.0001) wider weight-adjusted stomach widths, less prominent longitudinal stomach folds (P < 0.0001) and lower (P < 0.0001) stomach-width ratios than fish fed the fresh seafood diet. There was no significant difference in serum osmolality or sodium concentration between fish from groups with or without gastric dilation or fed biogenic amines.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1994

[Dilatation of anastomotic stricture by Nd:YAG laser beam under endoscopy].

Anastomotic stricture has become a common complication following surgical treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancers. A technique was devised to alleviate the stricture with Nd. YAG laser beam under endoscopy. The laser beam was applied at 3-4 different points near the anastomotic stoma. The thermal effect of the beam would cut the scar tissues in and underneath the mucosa, leading to dilatation of the stoma. A total of 48 patients with cancer of the esophagus (n = 21), gastric cardia (n = 20), body of stomach (n = 6) and gastric stump (n = 1) with postoperative anastomotic stricture was so treated. According to the degree of dilatation, the result of treatment upon longterm follow-up was good (the anastomotic stoma was enlarged more than 6 mm) in 41 (85.4%), fair (the stoma enlarged 4-5 mm) in 5 (10.4%) and poor in the remaining 2. Due precautions should be made to avoid bleeding and perforation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Palliative treatment of obstructing esophageal cancer with nitinol stents: value, safety, and long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitinol stents for palliation of dysphagia due obstructing esophageal cancer, safety of stent placement, and long-term results. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Self-expanding uncoated nitinol stents were inserted either radiologically (14 patients) or endoscopically (12 patients) on an outpatient basis in 26 consecutive patients with dysphagia grade 3 or 4 caused by incurable malignant obstructions in the middle or distal third of the esophagus (n = 22) or at esophagojejunal anastomoses (n = 4). No esophagotracheal fistulas were seen in any patient. In 22 patients prior treatments had failed. Following insertion, the stent lumen was dilated to the maximum diameter. Finally, esophagography or esophagoscopy was done to confirm the position of the stent and patency of the esophageal lumen. Twenty-four hours after the procedure, esophageal function was investigated by a barium swallow. Patients were encouraged to ingest solid food thereafter. Improvement in dysphagia was evaluated 1 week after stent placement and during monthly interviews. Complications were defined as major (aspiration, bleeding, stent misplacement or dislocation, perforation) or minor (reflux esophagitis, chest pain, pharyngeal discomfort). Tumor ingrowth or overgrowth was considered a treatment failure. Twenty-three patients (88%) were followed until death: three patients (12%) were followed for a mean of 14 months. RESULTS: Exact positioning of the stent and dilation to its maximum diameter were technically feasible in all patients. No stents were placed in the stomach. Patency of the esophageal lumen was successfully restored in 25 patients. In one patient a broken strut of the stent after dilation caused a partial obstruction, which was detected endoscopically. Two patients had recurrent dysphagia due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth, one after 1 month and the other after 3 months. In these patients an additional overlapping stent was successfully placed. No procedure-related mortalities or major complications occurred. The mean dysphagia grade of 3.5 was improved to a mean grade of 0.6 after stent placement. All patients could take liquids within the first 24 hr. Fifteen patients improved to dysphagia grade 0, seven patients to grade 1, and four patients to grade 2 within 1 week after the procedure. Twenty-three patients (88%) died during the follow-up period (mean survival, 5 months) as a result of their disease. Latest evaluation of the mean dysphagia grade was 0.7. Three patients (12%) are still alive (mean survival, 14 months) with a dysphagia grade 1 in one patient and grade 0 in two. CONCLUSION: Implantation of nitinol stents proved to be an effective and safe method of palliating severe dysphagia in patients with obstructing esophageal cancer. The improvement in dysphagia was impressive and long lasting. Placement of the stents was feasible without major procedure-related complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Acute gastric dilatation with superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a young girl with anorexia nervosa].

BACKGROUND: Acute gastric dilatation is a rare complication of anorexia nervosa which may be fatal in case of gastric perforation. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome may be associated with gastric dilatation. CASE REPORT: A 14 year-old girl was admitted suffering from severe anorexia nervosa. Shortly after admission, she complained of abdominal pain related to a bulimic episode a few days before, followed by nausea and vomiting. Distended abdomen and tachycardia suggested acute small-bowel obstruction. A diagnosis of acute gastric dilatation with superior mesenteric artery syndrome was suspected on X-ray examination and confirmed by esophagogastrography after gastric evacuation. The patient improved rapidly under total parenteral nutrition. Upper gastrointestinal study repeated 10 days later showed normal stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Small-bowel obstruction in anorexia nervosa first evokes acute gastric dilatation, and a perforation has to be ruled out by esophagogastrography. Association with superior mesenteric artery syndrome is possible; it does not necessarily lead to surgery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Mechanics of vomiting: a minireview.

In a cineradiographic analysis of the vomiting reflex in response to i.v. administration of an emetic drug (lanatoside C, 12 mg/kg) in cats, it was shown that the vomiting act is preceded by cyclic periods of abnormal peristaltic activity of the small bowel and inhibition of gastric peristalsis. It was further observed that massive antiperistalsis of the upper small bowel with reflux into the stomach is a common occurrence in the period immediately preceding vomiting. The emetic act itself is composed of phases of esophageal dilation, gastric emptying, gastric reflux, and esophageal collapse in cyclic repetition. The response of the esophagus and the stomach during emesis is passive, with external pressures and forces apparently providing the expulsive forces, the gastric bolus being contained by contraction of the pylorus and probably an upper esophageal or pharyngeal barrier. Earlier studies were conducted in cats in which observations were made on changes in thoracic venous pressure, abdominal venous pressure, and arterial blood pressure associated with vomiting induced by Veratrum alkaloids. Retching was characterized by a growing series of brief negative intrathoracic pressure pulses mirrored by positive pressure pulses in the abdomen. Expulsion then occurred and was followed with a sudden reversal of intrathoracic pressure from negative to positive. Expulsion involved a more sustained abdominal contraction, but both retching and expulsion were brought about by the same set of muscles, according to their EMG profiles. From results observed following phrenicotomy and spinal cord section at T5, it was concluded that the diaphragm, acting together with the inspiratory muscles against a closed glotis is responsible for the negative intrathoracic pressure that occurs in retching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphology of gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis.

Morphologic alterations in the gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis were investigated following infusion of a silicone rubber compound into vessels of the excised stomach which was then cleared with methyl salicylate. In cirrhosis, arteriovenous anastomoses 15 to 50 micron in diameter were present in 5 of 10 patients; spiral arterioles were less than one-tenth as numerous as in stomachs from noncirrhotic patients. The arterioles mainly had a straight pattern and precapillaries, capillaries, and submucosal and subserosal veins were dilated in cirrhotics (p less than 0.05). The number of arteriovenous anastomoses was unrelated to the degree of vascular dilatation and the number of spiral arterioles. These morphological alterations are consistent with decreased arteriovenous flow resistance in the stomach of cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gastric dilatation-volvulus after splenic torsion in two dogs.

Two dogs developed gastric dilatation-volvulus 2 and 17 months, respectively, after splenectomy for treatment of splenic torsion. Splenic displacement and torsion may stretch the gastric ligaments, allowing increased mobility of the stomach. After splenectomy, an anatomic void may be created in the cranioventral part of the abdomen, contributing to the mobility of the stomach. Veterinarians treating dogs with isolated splenic torsion may wish to consider prophylactic gastropexy at splenectomy, to reduce the chance of future gastric dilatation-volvulus. Prophylactic gastropexy should be done only if the dog's hemodynamic status is stable enough to allow for performance of the additional surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intermittent gastric dilatation after gastropexy in a dog.

Gastroperitoneal adhesions, which developed after tube gastrostomy in a 3-year-old dog, caused an inverted L configuration of the pyloric antrum and duodenum, resulting in periodic episodes of gastric dilatation. The dog had undergone tube gastrostomy for treatment of gastric dilatation/volvulus, but gastropexy adhesions broke down 27 months later, necessitating a second pexy procedure. Adhesions then developed, constricting gastric outflow and trapping gas in the stomach and proximal duodenum. When the ventral row of adhesions was surgically dissected, the angle between the pyloric antrum and the duodenum was straightened, facilitating flow of digesta. Gastropexy rarely causes the degree of adhesion formation and the complications reported in this dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

A technique for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is described and a series of 11 cases is presented. The technique secures the patient to the operating table with three safety straps and the patient is then placed in a reverse Trendelenburg position with the hips flexed. The surgeon operates from the patient's right side using two midline trocar sites as the main operating ports. Other ports provide retraction and laparoscope access. The liver retractor is held by a mechanical arm. Once the esophageal peritoneum has been opened, the esophagus and diaphragmatic crura are dissected out and elevated by a Penrose drain sling. The short gastrics are divided and the fundus is brought posterior to the esophagus passing from left to right. A large Maloney dilator is placed in the esophagus and the fundal wrap is sutured to the anterior aspect of the stomach by three sutures; the inferior--most of which incorporates the anterior wall of the esophagus. Once the fundoplication is completed, the dilator is replaced by a nasogastric tube. Postoperatively, patients are given clear liquids and when these are tolerated the nasogastric tube is removed. Most patients are discharged on the second or third postoperative day. Operating time averaged 147 min, and all patients returned to unrestricted activity within 2 to 3 weeks. All patients reported complete relief of gastroesophageal reflux. Average follow up was 120 days with a median of 148 days. Long-term follow up is in progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Balloon dilatation of benign and malignant esophageal strictures. Blind retrograde balloon dilatation.

Balloon esophageal dilatation offers many theoretical advantages (safety, speed, and patient comfort) over dilatation with mercury-filled bougies or with the Eder-Puestow system. The authors used balloon dilators in 22 patients with dysphagia secondary to benign or malignant strictures. Dilatation was performed with fluoroscopic guidance, blindly, or by a combination of these techniques. For "blind" stricture dilatation, an Eder-Puestow spring-tipped guide wire is placed into the stomach using a fiberoptic endoscope. The distance from the incisor teeth to the stricture is measured, and the balloon shaft is marked to indicate when the middle of the balloon is within the stricture. Dilatation is then performed using the antegrade or, the preferred, retrograde technique. Finally, the dilated stricture is calibrated by pulling an inflated balloon through the previously strictured area without difficulty. An attempt was made to achieve an esophageal diameter of 15 mm at the initial dilatation episode, and patient discomfort was used as a guide as to the final diameter. The balloon dilatation technique was highly successful, and a stricture diameter of 15 mm (45-47 French) was achieved at the initial dilatation in most instances. Malignant strictures were easily dilated. Balloon dilatation is convenient, effective, quick, and potentially safer than the previous Eder-Puestow or mercury-filled bougie techniques.

Dilatation↗
PubMed1998

Reconstruction and undiversion of the short or severely dilated ureter: the antireflux ileal nipple revisited.

PURPOSE: Patients undergoing reconstruction of short or severely dilated aperistaltic ureters are at significant risk for mechanical or functional obstruction and reflux, particularly when the ureters are being reimplanted into gastric or intestinal segments. For this problem we describe a simple handsewn, "stapleless" antireflux ileal nipple, which serves as a useful bridge between a short ureter and the bladder or reservoir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients, 4 to 42 years old (mean age 19), 9 with severely dilated and 3 with short ureters have received the stapleless antireflux ileal nipple as part of various reconstructive efforts. Briefly, a 12 to 15 cm. segment of ileum is isolated and the mesentery is stripped from the middle 8 cm. of the isolated segment, preserving the blood supply to the proximal and distal 2 cm. of ileum. Intussusception is created and maintained with multiple (5 to 7) circumferential rows of 4 to 6 interrupted seromuscular stitches of 3-zero silk. RESULTS: Mean followup is 27.5 months (range 6 to 60). Upper tract dilatation has stabilized or improved in all patients, deteriorating temporarily in 1 who had distal nipple stenosis. All patients underwent followup video urodynamic studies, which demonstrated no reflux. Nipple related complications included nipple stenosis in 1 patient and dessusception in another. Both complications were corrected without sequelae. Ureteroileal stenosis or stone formation has not occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The stapleless antireflux ileal nipple is safe and reliable in preventing reflux. It is a versatile adjunct to urinary reconstruction in patients with short or severely dilated, aperistaltic ureters in whom the alternative of a tapered reimplantation into a segment of bowel or stomach poses a significant complication threat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The integration of the bulbus duodeni into the aboral closure mechanism of the stomach.

The m. sphincter pyloricus does not represent an isolated ring muscle (sphincter). Rather, it is a concentration of muscle bundles deriving from the antrum musculature and woven into the aboral sphincter complex of the stomach. The pyloric canal can be regarded as a narrow gastric segment capable of only a restricted degree of dilatation. Myoarchitectonicly, the prepyloric antrum, the pyloric region, and the bulbus duodeni together belong to the aboral closure mechanism of the stomach (motor unit). If the bulbus duodeni occupies the whole of the pars superior, this sphincter mechanism extends as far as the superior duodenal flexure. In histological section the tunica muscularis first exhibits a polarized character aborally from the bulbus (or below the superior duodenal flexure). Angioarchitectonicly, too, the pars superior is fundamentally different from subsequent sections of the duodenum since it is vascularized from two sides, i.e., the vascularization here is still of a typically gastric character. There is no vascular cuff surrounding the pylorus.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Esophageal obstruction by phytobezoar. Rare complication of gastric bezoar.

We describe a patient in whom a gastric phytobezoar was regurgitated into the esophagus during an episode of vomiting, giving rise to sudden dysphagia. The bezoar remained impacted for 3 days during which time a sever ulcerative esophagitis due to pressure necrosis and secondary infection developed. Healing has been accompanied by esophageal stricture formation which still necessitates esophageal dilatation at intervals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric emphysema due to necrosis from massive gastric distention.

We report a case of gastric emphysema secondary to massive gastric distention. The gas within the gastric wall was seen as lines of bubbles on plain films, echogenic foci with distal reverberation on sonograms, and bubbles on computed tomography scans. Gastric emphysema was due to necrosis, illustrating the importance of recognition of these imaging signs.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Death due to neurogenic shock following gastric rupture in an anorexia nervosa patient.

We report a case of fatal gastric rupture discovered after death, which developed due to a bulimic attack of a 19-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa. An autopsy revealed an acute gastric dilatation and rupture without commonly observed ischemic damage of gastric wall structures. However, it may be difficult to determine the cause of death despite the marked findings. The death as a consequence of neurogenic shock accounts for all the results of gross examination and histologic analysis. This case is the first reported case of fatal gastric rupture of an anorectic patient discovered after death.

Adult↗