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PubMed1983

Mutual influence and interlocking professional-family process in the treatment of child sexual abuse and incest.

Three different types of professional intervention are described for families where father-daughter incest and stepfather-stepdaughter child sexual abuse have occurred. Their possible bearing on the development of the family process and the family network process is outlined. It will be demonstrated how the particular form of the professional intervention influences the relationship between family members and how, in turn, different family members attempt to channel professional intervention along lines they designate. The notion of an overall professional-family system, which describes the mutual influence and interlocking effects each sub-system has on the other, is proposed. The interlocking effects between the two sub-systems are demonstrated by means of a detailed clinical example.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Child abuse and neglect in Denmark: medico-legal aspects.

On the basis of material selected at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus , from 1959 to 1980, we estimated the frequency of mortality from child abuse in Denmark to be 0.5 child deaths per million inhabitants per year. This figure is equal to that in Sweden and Norway but lower than most other countries. The study population included 53 abused children: 33 living children (18 boys and 15 girls) and 20 fatalities (11 boys and 9 girls). The social background of the children and abusers (32 men and 15 women) is described in connection with the juridical and social outcome of the cases. Cases with repetitive lesions were the most important evidence of child abuse. In cases with non-repetitive injuries, it was more difficult to prove that child abuse had taken place, but subdural hematoma and abdominal lesions with rupture of the duodenum or tearing of the mesenterium were very strong evidence. We think that a better handling of cases of child abuse or neglect could be obtained with extended collaboration between the social authorities, the police, the public prosecutor , the pediatrician and the forensic pathologist.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of attitudes toward child sexual abuse among social work and judicial system professionals.

To meet the needs of mutual clients, perpetrators and victims, social service and judicial system professionals share an obligation to collaborate in cases of child sexual abuse. Unknown is the extent to which individuals in counter professions share common beliefs about perpetrators and victims of child sexual abuse. This paper reports an inquiry into the attitudes of five professional groups within an urban criminal justice system specific to victim credibility, victim culpability, offender culpability, and the crime and punishment of child sexual abuse. As predicted, statistically significant differences in attitudes were found among child welfare social workers, police officers, district attorneys, public defenders, and judges. In particular, groups differed in their beliefs about victim credibility and punishment of offenders, suggesting conflict in addressing two fundamental questions in these cases: (1) Can a child be believed when he or she reports sexual abuse? and (2) How should the system deal with offenders? Both questions beg the continuing attention of all professionals invested in these cases, ultimately benefiting victims and offenders. Both quantitative and qualitative findings are provided in this report.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Death and taxes. An opportunity for substitution.

The risks of fatal vehicle crash for young drivers rise precipitously with more drinking, reaching a 100-fold increase in risk for youths with 6+ drinks. Considerable external damage arises from drunk driving, providing firm logic for government intervention. If the 'cost' of an alcohol tax is the foregone consumer surplus of drinkers, then the cost per life saved using higher alcohol taxes is less than +10,000 per life at low taxes, even ignoring the lives of the drinking drivers. Thus, alcohol taxes are one of the cheapest possible life saving techniques available. Preliminary evidence suggests that youthful drinking drivers badly under-perceive the risks of their own behavior. This increases the measure of 'external damage' and hence the optimal tax for alcoholic beverages. It may be impossible to administer an 'optimal tax' on alcohol, but 'second-best' taxes appear to lie in the range of 25 to 40 percent or more.

Accidents, Traffic↗