PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Visual Fields”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of change in intraocular pressure on the natural history of glaucoma: lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma can result in improvement of visual fields.

This paper reports a direct relationship between change in the level of intraocular pressure and the visual field of patients with glaucoma: improvement in the visual field with improvement of intraocular pressure and deterioration of visual field with deterioration of intraocular pressure. The documentation of change in visual field or optic disc (worse or better) is the most certain criterion of control. Unless improvement is noted to accompany lowering of intraocular pressure, adequacy of control cannot, with certainty, be assured. This concept is based on an analysis of 77 patients having trabeculectomy and 195 patients having argon laser trabeculoplasty without alteration of the optical system of the eye, in whom the visual field was determined with Octopus computerised perimetry before and after the pressure altering event.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Reversibility of glaucomatous defects of the central visual field].

We analyzed more than 4 consecutive measurements of the central area of the visual field in 1,004 eyes of 533 subjects with various types of glaucoma as diagnosed by the Octopus 201 and its examination program No. 31. We used a non-repeated analysis of variance to determine the statistical relationship between the mean sensitivity measurements for individual quadrants of the central visual field. We made the series of measurements used in this statistical analysis during repeated examinations that took place over a follow-up period of 1 year. Out of 1,004 eyes, 53 eyes (5.3%) were shown to have an improved mean sensitivity of the central 30 degrees of the visual field. We adopted the degree of sensitivity improvement [(final mean sensitivity - initial mean sensitivity)/follow-up period] as the indicator of the degree of reversibility in the central visual field to determine which factors might influence changes in the visual field. In patients under 50 years of age, who were at an early stage of the disease, as opposed to those over 50 years of age, who were at an intermediate or advanced stage of this disease or who had undergone reduction of intraocular pressure, a relatively high degree of sensitivity improvement was more frequently observed. In the cases with primary open angle glaucoma which includes low tension glaucoma, we think treatment for abnormality in the aqueous humor dynamics is very important. We concluded, that the reversibility of the central visual field defect in glaucomatous eyes is possible, though it can only be clearly detected by careful follow-up examinations employing computerized perimetry.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Driving performance of glaucoma patients correlates with peripheral visual field loss.

PURPOSE: To identify clinical vision measures that are associated with the driving performance of glaucoma patients who have visual field loss and visual acuity better than 20/100 and to compare the driving performance of glaucoma patients with the driving performance of a group of age- and sex-equivalent individuals without eye disease. PATIENTS: Forty patients with glaucoma and 17 normally sighted control subjects participated in this study. METHODS: Clinical vision data, consisting of visual acuity, letter contrast sensitivity, and visual fields, were collected. Driving performance was assessed by (1) an interactive driving simulator that measured 7 indices of performance (including number of accidents) and (2) the self-reported accident involvement for the past 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Driving simulator performance and real-world, self-reported accident involvement. RESULTS: The number of accidents as measured on the driving simulator in the glaucoma group was significantly correlated with three Goldmann visual field measures: combined horizontal extent (rho = -0.47, P = 0.01), total horizontal extent (rho = -0.49, P = 0.007), and total peripheral extent (rho = -0.55, P = 0.002). There were no statistically significant correlations between the driving performance of the glaucoma group and the visual acuity or contrast sensitivity measures. When compared with the control group, a significantly greater proportion of the glaucoma group reported having at least one real-world accident within the past 5 years (Fisher exact test, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Visual field reduced to less than 100 degrees of horizontal extent may place patients with peripheral field loss at greater accident risk. A higher incidence of real-world and simulator accidents was found for the group with glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Central corneal thickness and progression of the visual field and optic disc in glaucoma.

AIMS: To determine whether central corneal thickness (CCT) is a significant predictor of visual field and optic disc progression in open angle glaucoma. METHODS: Data were obtained from a prospective study of glaucoma patients tested with static automated perimetry and confocal scanning laser tomography every 6 months. Progression was determined using a trend based approach called evidence of change (EOC) analysis in which sectoral ordinal scores based on the significance of regression coefficients of visual field pattern deviation and neuroretinal rim area over time are summed. Visual field progression was also determined using the event based glaucoma change probability (GCP) analysis using both total and pattern deviation. RESULTS: The sample contained 101 eyes of 54 patients (mean (SD) age 56.5 (9.8) years) with a mean follow up of 9.2 (0.7) years and 20.7 (2.3) sets of examinations every 6 months. Lower CCT was associated with worse baseline visual fields and lower mean IOP in the follow up. In the longitudinal analysis CCT was not correlated with the EOC scores for visual field or optic disc change. In the GCP analyses, there was a tendency for groups classified as progressing to have lower CCT compared to non-progressing groups. In a multivariate analyses accounting for IOP, the opposite was found, whereby higher CCT was associated with visual field progression. None of the independent factors were predictive of optic disc progression. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients with established glaucoma, CCT was not a useful index in the risk assessment of visual field and optic disc progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Objective assessment of visual field defects using multifocal electroretinography].

BACKGROUND: Multifocal electroretinography allows simultaneous recording of 61 focal electroretinographic signals from the retina of the posterior pole. The function of the outer retinal layers can be mapped for a visual field of 30.5 degrees radius. We herein describe the topography of such potentials in patients with hemianopic and concentric visual field defects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six patients with visual field defects caused by chorioretinal and central visual pathways diseases were examined using multifocal ERG. RESULTS: In 30 normal volunteers in the entire 30 degrees visual field clear signals were obtained. In the patients with visual field defects caused by retinal diseases in areas with reduced light sensitivity diminished electroretinographical activity was found. In contrast, in patients with bitemporal hemianopsia due to a chiasmal lesion no correlation between visual field and magnitude of focal ERGs was seen. CONCLUSIONS: In retinal disorders defects in multifocal ERG presented the similar pattern as scotomata in perimetry. The patient with visual field defects due to disturbances in the chiasma exhibited a normal ERG-topography. In patients with visual field defects multifocal ERG supported differentiation of the location of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Greater pupillary escape differentiates central from peripheral visual field loss.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether pupil escape observed during a constant light stimulus was greater in eyes with central visual field loss compared to eyes with peripheral visual field loss and normal eyes. DESIGN: Comparative, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven normal subjects, 5 patients with central field loss, 11 patients with peripheral field loss, and 8 patients with combined loss (central and peripheral visual field loss) were tested. METHODS: A dual-channel infrared pupillograph was used to simultaneously record the right and left pupil diameters at a rate of 60 Hz to characterize the initial, phasic pupil contraction, and the sustained, or prolonged, pupil contraction in response to a 5-second light stimulus. Full-field light stimuli with a diameter of 30 degrees were presented to each eye at seven different intensities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amplitude of the phasic pupil contraction was compared with the amplitude of the sustained pupil contraction at the four brightest intensities (slope of phasic versus sustained contraction) in the normal eyes and in eyes with visual field loss in the center and the periphery. RESULTS: The sustained pupillary contraction showed a statistically greater reduction in proportion to the phasic component in eyes with central field loss compared to those with peripheral field loss, combination central and peripheral field loss, and normal eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Afferent neurons from the central retina normally contribute a substantial component to the sustained pupil response. Eyes with central field loss can be distinguished from eyes with peripheral field loss by a relatively greater loss of the sustained response, causing greater pupil escape. This study showed that pupil movements in response to a nonperimetric full-field light stimulus may provide some degree of mapping of retinotopic sensitivity. This information may be of use in interpreting the pupillary movements during the swinging flashlight test and may help predict the pattern of visual field loss.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Visual fields and eye movements in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina).

The boundaries of the visual fields of a harbor seal were measured using static perimetry. In the seal lying on a plane surface (fixation point "0 degrees" straight ahead at eye-level), the visual field with fixed eyes extended over 208 degrees horizontally and reached from -12 degrees to +69 degrees vertically. The binocular visual field amounted to 67 degrees. Eye movements of 12 degrees (+/-2) degrees to both sides and 64 degrees upwards could be induced. In the seal performing eye movements, a visual field of 210 degrees in the horizontal plane and 121 degrees to the dorsal side was determined. From the measured eye movements, a visual field of 232 degrees in the horizontal plane appears possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lens opacity as a predictor of visual field impairment due to cataract.

The contribution of cataract to the decrease of visual field in patients with glaucoma is difficult to ascertain. To attempt to quantitate the change in visual field due to cataract, we examined 27 eyes of 26 patients before and after cataract extraction. The examination consisted of measurement of best refraction with visual acuity, visual field testing with the pupil dilated, measurement of lens opacity, determination of the intraocular pressure, and evaluation of the character of the cataract before surgery and of the posterior capsule after surgery. The results reaffirmed the detrimental effect that cataract may have on the visual field but also showed that the heterogeneity of cataracts limits the usefulness of the lens opacity meter in quantitating the extent of visual field loss due to cataract.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Predictive factors of the optic nerve head for development or progression of glaucomatous visual field loss.

PURPOSE: To evaluate which morphologic features of the optic disc are predictive factors for the development or progression of visual field loss in chronic open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: The prospective observational clinical study included 763 eyes of 416 white subjects with ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma. During the follow-up time (mean, 67.4 months; median, 65.1; range, 6.2-104.5), all patients underwent repeated qualitative and morphometric evaluation of color stereo optic disc photographs and white-on-white visual field examination. Progression of glaucomatous visual field damage was defined by point-wise regression analysis for each of the 59 locations in the visual field. Outcome measures were qualitative and quantitative morphologic optic nerve head parameters. RESULTS: Development or progression of glaucomatous visual field defects was detected in 106 (13.9%) eyes. At baseline of the study, neuroretinal rim area was significantly (P < 0.002) smaller, the beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (P < 0.003, nasal sector) was significantly larger, and age was significantly higher (P < 0.003) in the progressive study group than in the nonprogressive study group. Both study groups did not vary significantly in size of the optic disc and the alpha zone of parapapillary atrophy. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the progression of glaucomatous visual field loss depended significantly on the area of the neuroretinal rim (P < 0.001) and age (P < 0.001), but was independent of diameter of the retinal arterioles and veins. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic predictive factors for development or progression of glaucomatous visual field defects in whites are small neuroretinal rim area and large beta zone of parapapillary atrophy. Age is an additional nonmorphologic parameter. Progression of glaucomatous optic nerve head changes is independent of the size of the optic disc and alpha-zone of parapapillary atrophy and retinal vessel diameter.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Spatial orientation from optic flow in the central visual field.

Previous research has shown that stimulation of the central visual field with radial flow patterns (produced by forward motion) can induce perceived self-motion, but has failed to demonstrate effects on postural stability of either radial flow patterns or lamellar flow patterns (produced by horizontal translation) in the central visual field. The present study examined the effects of lamellar and radial flow on postural stability when stimulation was restricted to the central visual field. Displays simulating observer motion through a volume of randomly positioned points were observed binocularly through a window that limited the field of view to 15 degrees. The velocity of each display varied according to the sum of four sine functions of prime frequencies. Changes in posture were used to measure changes in perceived spatial orientation. A frequency analysis of postural sway indicated that increased sway occurred at the frequencies of motion simulated in the display for both lamellar and radial flow. These results suggest that both radial and lamellar optic flow are effective for determining spatial orientation when stimulation is limited to the central visual field.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2004

Brief Communication: visual-field superiority as a function of stimulus type and content: further evidence.

The present study examined visual-field advantage as a function of presentation mode (unilateral, bilateral), stimulus structure (facial, lexical), and stimulus content (emotional, neutral). The experiment was conducted in a split visual-field paradigm using a JAVA-based computer program with recognition accuracy as the dependent measure. Unilaterally, rather than bilaterally, presented stimuli were significantly better recognized. Words were significantly better recognized than faces in the right visual-field; the difference was nonsignificant in the left visual-field. Emotional content elicited left visual-field and neutral content elicited right visual-field advantages.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Target intraocular pressure and risk factors for progression of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma].

PURPOSE: Evaluation of intraocular pressure(IOP) control below the target level stated by Iwata and study of risk factors for progression of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) despite successful reduction of IOP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Statistical difference of visual field deterioration between 27 eyes of POAG with IOPs above target levels and 48 eyes of POAG with IOP below target levels was examined for 28.1 +/- 10.2(mean +/- standard deviation) months. The relationship between the progression of visual field loss and factors of initial visual field loss, mean IOP, variance of IOP, peripapillary atrophy (zone beta), records of glaucoma surgery, age, and sex were studied in 48 patients(48 eyes) with IOPs below target levels. RESULTS: Eight of the 48 eyes(16.7%) showed progression of visual field loss with IOPs below their target levels whereas 15 of the 27 eyes(55.6%) had IOPs above their target levels(p = 0.002). The risk factors for the progression of visual field loss in POAG despite good control of IOP were severity of initial visual field loss(p = 0.003), peripapillary atrophy(p = 0.002), and male sex(p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The control of IOP below target level is beneficial for patients with POAG. However, the risk factors which represent circulatory damage, such as peripapillary atrophy, may have a bad influence on the continuing deterioration of visual fields in patients with severe visual field damage, independently of good control of IOP.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Measurement of the visual field.

There is increasing evidence that concurrent visual and nonvisual tasks not only reduce the size but also result in systematic deformation of the visual field. Given such complex changes in the visual field, appropriate representation and measurement of its shape is all important. Shape measures utilized by researchers and reported in the literature should also be sufficiently standardized to allow comparison of results across experiments.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Early foveal involvement and generalized depression of the visual field in glaucoma.

We selected for study 35 patients with glaucomatous visual field loss or cupping that was asymmetric between the two eyes, concentrating on cases in which the glaucomatous damage was mild. We found that 15 patients had a reduced foveal sensitivity usually associated with either a scotoma impinging on fixation or a depression in the central field. In addition, 19 of the 35 patients had a subtle reduction in visual acuity. Thus, the fovea is often mildly affected early in glaucoma, even though the point of fixation is typically among the last regions of visual field to have a severe loss of visual sensation. We also observed that there is often a diffuse visual field loss early in glaucoma, represented as a generalized depression, and this may occur before there are discrete nerve fiber-bundle defects (paracentral scotomas and the like).

Fixation, Ocular↗
PubMed2004

Using unsupervised learning with variational bayesian mixture of factor analysis to identify patterns of glaucomatous visual field defects.

PURPOSE: To determine whether an unsupervised machine learning classifier can identify patterns of visual field loss in standard visual fields consistent with typical patterns learned by decades of human experience. METHODS: Standard perimetry thresholds for 52 locations plus age from one eye of each of 156 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and 189 eyes of healthy subjects were clustered with an unsupervised machine classifier, variational Bayesian mixture of factor analysis (vbMFA). RESULTS: The vbMFA formed five distinct clusters. Cluster 5 held 186 of 189 fields from normal eyes plus 46 from eyes with GON. These fields were then judged within normal limits by several traditional methods. Each of the other four clusters could be described by the pattern of loss found within it. Cluster 1 (71 GON + 3 normal optic discs) included early, localized defects. A purely diffuse component was rare. Cluster 2 (26 GON) exhibited primarily deep superior hemifield defects, and cluster 3 (10 GON) held deep inferior hemifield defects only or in combination with lesser superior field defects. Cluster 4 (6 GON) showed deep defects in both hemifields. In other words, visual fields within a given cluster had similar patterns of loss that differed from the predominant pattern found in other clusters. The classifier separated the data based solely on the patterns of loss within the fields, without being guided by the diagnosis, placing 98.4% of the healthy eyes within the same cluster and spreading 70.5% of the eyes with GON across the other four clusters, in good agreement with a glaucoma expert and pattern standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: Without training-based diagnosis (unsupervised learning), the vbMFA identified four important patterns of field loss in eyes with GON in a manner consistent with years of clinical experience.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Predicting practical fitness to drive in drivers with visual field defects caused by ocular pathology.

Vision, viewing efficiency, visual attention, and on-road driving performance were assessed in 100 participants with central and/or peripheral visual field defects caused by ocular pathology. Driving was evaluated by the Dutch driving license authority making use of the protocol for investigating practical fitness to drive. A smaller percentage of participants with central visual field defects passed the on-road driving test, in comparison with participants with peripheral or mild field defects. The predictive power of a model based on the current vision requirements for driving significantly increased when taking compensatory viewing efficiency into account. The results of the latter model were comparable to those of a model based on tests of visual attention and contrast sensitivity. Despite the increased explained variance of practical fitness to drive when taking higher-order visual functions into account, sensitivity and specificity remained quite low, limiting the use of these tests in identifying unfit drivers. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of training programs to improve practical fitness to drive in drivers with visual field defects.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Visual field and multifocal electroretinography and their correlations in patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of hydroxychloroquine on visual field and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and their correlations in patients taking hydroxychloroquine. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in which patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy underwent automated 10-2 threshold static visual field examination and mfERG recordings. Non-parametric unadjusted and age-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients rho were calculated between the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine and the visual field mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) values; and the mfERG response amplitudes and peak latencies. Correlation analysis was also performed between the visual field MD and PSD values and the mfERG response amplitudes and peak latencies. RESULTS: A total of 26 eyes in 13 patients were analyzed. The mean duration of hydroxychloroquine therapy was 4.9 years and the mean cumulative dose was 574 g. No significant correlation was found between the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine and the visual field MD and PSD values. There were significant correlations between the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine and mfERG N1 and P1 response amplitudes for the central rings (ring 1-3). The correlations between the dose of hydroxychloroquine and mfERG N1 and P1 response amplitudes were strongest for the paracentral ring 2 (rho =-0.63 and rho =-0.62, respectively, P = 0.001). Significant correlations were also found between the visual field MD values and mfERG response amplitudes of various ring eccentricities. CONCLUSIONS: In patients on hydroxychloroquine, mfERG response amplitude correlated with both the 10-2 visual field MD values and with the cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine used. The use of mfERG can provide objective measurement of retinal function in patients on hydroxychloroquine and may provide supplementary quantitative information to visual field findings.

Adult↗