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Results for “hostility”

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PubMed1993

Buspirone therapy for Type A behavior, hostility, and perceived stress in cardiac patients.

Hostility is considered to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Despite the findings of reduced serotonergic function and effectiveness of treatment with serotonergic agents in similar symptom complexes, there have been no attempts at using serotonergic psychopharmacologic agents to treat this population. We conducted an 8-week open trial of 10 type A, irritable men with coronary artery disease and no diagnosable psychiatric (axis I) condition to examine the effects of buspirone on these subjects. Buspirone appears to significantly reduce type A behavior, hostility, anxiety, impatience, and perceived stress.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Hyperprolactinemia, distress, and hostility.

The scores of 14 women with hyperprolactinemia on the Symptom Rating Test and the Symptom Questionnaire were compared with those of nonpsychotic women attending a psychiatric clinic, women attending a family practice clinic, and female nonpatient employees. The scores of the hyperprolactinemic women were similar to those of the psychiatric patients. Hyperprolactinemic patients were significantly more hostile, depressed, and anxious and had more feelings of inadequacy than family practice patients and nonpatient employees. The authors recommend measuring the serum prolactin levels of women with depression, hostility, anxiety, and symptoms or signs suggestive of hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

On psychotherapy of patients with problems of hostility.

Psychotherapy often involves the person's recognition of the hostility, the role of reaction formation to hurtful situations and relationships, and transferential expression--and for the therapist, countertransference. Generally, underlying hostility is the wish to be free of it, granted the difficulty of some paranoid patients. Ambulatory therapy may be inadequate, and other resources, including hospitalization, may be required. The ethical issue of social responsibility transcending the obligation of confidentiality may arise.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Correlates and consequences of exposure to video game violence: hostile personality, empathy, and aggressive behavior.

Research has shown that exposure to violent video games causes increases in aggression, but the mechanisms of this effect have remained elusive. Also, potential differences in short-term and long-term exposure are not well understood. An initial correlational study shows that video game violence exposure (VVE) is positively correlated with self-reports of aggressive behavior and that this relation is robust to controlling for multiple aspects of personality. A lab experiment showed that individuals low in VVE behave more aggressively after playing a violent video game than after a nonviolent game but that those high in VVE display relatively high levels of aggression regardless of game content. Mediational analyses show that trait hostility, empathy, and hostile perceptions partially account for the VVE effect on aggression. These findings suggest that repeated exposure to video game violence increases aggressive behavior in part via changes in cognitive and personality factors associated with desensitization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Cultural traits and immigration: hostility and suicidality in Chinese Canadian students.

Suicidality has been related to inwardly directed aggression. We compared convenience samples of 89 Canadian students of Chinese origin (CC) and 81 Canadian students from other backgrounds on measures of suicidality, hostility and aggression. The Chinese Canadian group reported higher levels of suicidality and hostility than the group of other Canadians. However, aggressive behaviors directed toward self or others were less frequent among Chinese Canadians. No differences were found between men and women. The results are interpreted by invoking the influence of Chinese culture on emotional restraint, particularly as regards aggressiveness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Hostility and guilt in obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

The enquiry relates to the investigation of 30 cases of obsessive-compulsive neurosis with special reference to the phenomena of hostility and guilt as revealed through Foulds' Five Punitive Scales and the Thematic Apperception Test. Controls consisted of an equal number of subjects suffering from neurotic depression. Analysis reveals acting-out hostility and extrapunitive tendency in the experimental group. No significant difference was found in terms of guilt scores.

Female↗

PubMed1977

Perception of hostility in the TAT as a function of defensive style.

Groups of male and female students with high, intermediate, and low scores on Byrne's Scale of Repression-Sensitization judged the amount of hostility and the darkness of 10 TAT cards, including the blank. The groups' judgments for each card were expressed in terms of the statistic E, a non-parametric index of discriminability derived on the basis of the theory of signal detection. Subjects with low scores on the scale showed significantly lower E values for hostility (p less than .05), but not for darkness, than the other two groups. It was concluded that differences in sensitivity to affective stimulation underlie the dimension of Repression-Sensitization.

Darkness↗

PubMed1991

Hostility, aggression, and anxiety levels of divorce and nondivorce children as manifested in their responses to projective tests.

The effects of parental divorce on the levels of aggression, hostility, and anxiety in children, as measured by the Rorschach test, together with the type and direction of aggression, as measured by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, were studied. The Rorschach and the Rosenzweig P-F study were administered to a nonclinical sample of 108 Swedish children ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old. The subjects constituted a divorce and a nondivorce group of 27 girls and 27 boys each. Children of divorced parents (hereafter referred to as divorce children, divorce boys, or divorce girls) showed significantly higher levels of hostility, aggression, and anxiety than children of married parents (hereafter referred to as nondivorce children, nondivorce boys, nondivorce girls). There were significant differences found in the type and direction of aggression between divorce girls and boys. Divorce boys showed more extraggression and ego defensive reactions, whereas divorce girls tended to evade aggression. The differences between divorce and nondivorce groups and the diversity of reactions between divorce boys and girls are discussed.

Aggression↗

PubMed2000

Reliability of interview-assessed hostility ratings across mode of assessment and time.

These studies addressed 2 questions concerning interview-based hostility assessments: whether they are affected if the interview is conducted face-to-face versus telephone and whether they are stable across an extended time period. In Study 1A, 54 students were interviewed face-to-face and by telephone in a laboratory setting. Half the sample was reinterviewed in the laboratory 6 weeks later. The other half was reinterviewed by telephone at home. With 1 exception, all intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) comparing interview modes were above .62. In Study 1B, 48 adults were interviewed face-to-face in a laboratory and by telephone in their homes with a 2-week intervening interval. The ICC comparing interview modes was .78. In Study 2, 100 adults were interviewed face-to-face in a laboratory and approximately 4 years later by telephone in their homes. The ICC across interviews was .69. Thus, support was found for the stability of interview-based hostility assessments across interview methods and extended periods of time.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Negative feelings exacerbate hostile attributions of intent in highly aggressive boys.

Tested the hypothesis that aggressive boys' tendency to attribute hostile intentions to peers is exacerbated in a negative emotional state. Twenty-nine highly aggressive boys in special education, 12 moderately aggressive boys in regular education, and 16 nonaggressive boys in regular education inferred peers' intentions in 8 vignettes concerning ambiguous provocation by peers. Mild negative emotions were induced by unjust loss of a manipulated computer game. Half the vignettes were completed in this negative emotional state. After completion of all vignettes, the game was played again and won to reinduce positive feelings. Self-ratings of feelings obtained throughout the study showed the manipulations consecutively induced negative and positive feelings. Negative feelings increased hostile attribution of intent in the highly aggressive group. Highly and moderately aggressive boys responded more aggressively than nonaggressive boys.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Belief in a just world as moderator of hostile attributional bias.

To determine the protective effect of 'belief in a just world for self' (BJW-S) on hostile attributional bias, 379 adolescents aged 10-16 years, previously identified by teacher ratings as high or low troublemakers, were presented with a hypothetical frustrating situation where the intent of the frustrating agent appeared either benign, hostile, or ambiguous. The analysis indicated that the higher the BJW-S, the lower participants reacted aggressively. This effect was qualified by 'belief in a just world for others' (BJW-O), indicating that the negative relationship between BJW-S and aggressive reaction was weaker as BJW-O increased. An interaction between BJW-S, troublemaking level, and the intent factor, indicated for high troublemakers in the ambiguous condition that an increase in BJW-S decreased aggressive reaction, while this was not the case for low troublemakers, thus providing support for the hypothesized buffer effect of BJW-S.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Frequent aggression and attribution of hostile intent in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities: an empirical investigation.

We investigated whether aggressive individuals have an attributional bias of hostile intent compared to nonaggressive peers. We compared 43 frequently aggressive individuals who had mild to moderate intellectual disabilities with 46 nonaggressive controls on an attributional task. The aggressive participants attributed significantly more hostile intent to protagonists and indicated that they would respond more aggressively than did the controls to provocative scenes, but only when the threat was to themselves. Results suggest that differences in attribution of threat to self play a role in frequent aggression. These differences appear to be due, in part, to a positive bias of the nonaggressive participants on the self-referent scenes. Clinically, results highlight the importance of assessing and addressing aggressive individuals' interpersonal perceptions.

Aggression↗

PubMed1987

Upper respiratory tract infections increase self-rated hostility and distress.

The authors administered a personality inventory, the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a distress scale, the Symptom Questionnaire, to all patients in a walk-in clinic of a general hospital during an influenza epidemic. Hostility, depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were significantly higher in patients with upper respiratory tract infections (p less than .005); the majority scored in the range of psychiatric patients, regardless of whether patients had clinically classical influenza or merely symptoms and signs of another respiratory tract infection. There were no differences in the personality traits of extraversion or neuroticism between any of the groups, suggesting that hostility and distress were consequences of the viral infections and were largely unaffected by preexisting personality traits.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Sex differences in expected guilt reactions to hypothetical behaviors of sexual, hostile, and moral substance.

Differences between male and female guilt reactions to hypothetical guilt-inducing situations of a sexual, hostile, and moral nature were investigated. Two independent samples of Ss (56 men, 56 women; and 34 men, 62 women) reported the intensity of their anticipated guilt reactions to 60 hypothetical behavior situations presented in sentence-completion format through the use of scaled response alternatives. Across both samples there were specific behaviors, in which stable sex differences were evidenced, i.e., females' reactions were more intense for those behaviors reflecting sexual transgressions. However, males and females were highly similar in their reactions to hostile and moral guilt-provoking situations. Implications of these results for research on trait-guilt were discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Relationship between behavioral indices of aggression and hostile content on the TAT for incarcerated young women.

The role played by fantasy in moderating the overt expression of aggression was investigated by examining the relationship between aggressive behavior and hostile content on the Thematic Apperception Test. A Behavior Rating Scale, Behavior Checklist, and Aggressiveness of Offense Scale (Matranga, 1976) were used to measure the aggressive behavior of 15 incarcerated women between 16 and 20 yr. old. No support was found for the hypothesis that hostile content on the TAT is negatively correlated with behavioral measures of aggression. Instead, results suggested that there is no significant relationship between these variables, at least with an incarcerated, predominantly Native female population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Hostility as a feature of elderly suicidal ideators.

Literature suggests that suicidal feelings are relatively rare in mentally healthy older adults. This research investigated the presence of death or suicidal ideation in a group of home-dwelling elderly people (N = 611, M age = 75.7 yr., SD = 7.2), taking into account their psychopathological profiles assessed by means of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Suicidality was investigated by the Italian translation of the 1974 questions from Paykel, Myers, Lindenthal, and Tanner. Elderly with death or suicidal ideation manifested depressive and anxious symptoms on the Brief Symptom Inventory. This psychopathological profile, which has been reported for these subjects in various contributions to the literature, was also characterized by the presence of hostility. The correlation with higher scores on the hostility scale is difficult to interpret, although these feelings are often accompanied by failure to control impulses, which is an essential characteristic in suicidal behaviour.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Relations of alexithymic characteristics with eating attitudes and hostility in female college students.

We examined the correlations of alexithymic characteristics with the expression of unfavorable feelings such as anger and hostility and abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors in a sample of 278 Japanese female college students. Mean scores on the Eating Attitude Inventory, MMPI Hostility, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory were significantly higher for female college stUdents with alexithymic characteristics than for those with nonalexithymic characteristics. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the significant relationships between alexithymic characteristics and oral control of the eating attitudes were controlled by scores on anger-in and anger control, suggesting that anger-in and anger control may mediate the relationship between alexithymic characteristics and abnormal eating attitudes.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Hostility and anger measures in coronary heart disease.

Recent research addressing the link between psychological factors and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has focused on the areas of hostility and anger and produced sometimes contradictory results. This study makes use of four questionnaire measures of hostility and anger, which were administered to matched groups with and without CHD. Quicker experiences of anger with greater verbal expression best predicted CHD. The difficulties in teasing out the relative contributions of emotional expression, experience and personality using available questionnaires are discussed.

Adult↗