HAEMOGLOBIN VALUES AMONG ADOLESCENTS.
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Adolescent↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “statistical physics”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF MELBOURNE CHILDREN.
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Adipose Tissue↗
Early physical therapy effects on the high-risk infant: a randomized controlled trial.
A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of early physical therapy on infants at risk for neurologic sequelae and to evaluate the impact of such early treatment on the prevention or minimization of future handicaps. A cohort of 134 infants who had received care in two Montreal inborn neonatal intensive care units was identified prospectively. Infants were stratified according to prognosis and birth weight and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Babies assigned to the experimental group received early physical therapy, whereas those allocated to the control group received conventional follow-up care. Outcome measures were administered by independent evaluators at 12 months and included measures of neurologic status, motor and overall development, and physical growth. No statistically significant differences on any of the measured outcomes at 12 months were found between the experimental and control groups. Infants weighing less than 750 g at birth, regardless of group assignment, consistently demonstrated significant delays in their growth and development when compared with their heavier peers. The early physical therapy program investigated in this study was not efficacious in altering the pattern of motor development in those high-risk infants participating in the trial.
Analysis of Variance↗
Assessment of physical fitness in adults by field testing supported by the specific software for personal computer based use.
Physical inactivity is the second most important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Various field tests were developed for assessment of the fitness in general population. We aimed to assess the applicability and effectiveness of the specific software for UKK 2-km walking test data management. Descriptive results and statistical analysis on physical fitness of 383 adults are presented. The UKK 2-km walking test could be used as a feasible alternative for measurement of cardiovascular fitness. The test was integrated to exercise related health promotion programme, and widely available information technologies will be used for data management.
Adult↗
Virtual anthropology: the digital evolution in anthropological sciences.
The discovery and explanation of differences among organisms is a major concern for evolutionary and systematic biologists. In physical anthropology, the discrimination of taxa and the qualitative and quantitative description of ontogenetic or evolutionary change require, of course, the analysis of morphological features. Since the 1960s, a remarkable amount of fossil material was excavated, some of it still awaiting a detailed first analysis, some of it requiring re-examination by more developed methods. While the fossil record grew continuously, a revolution in anthropological research took place with advances in computer technology in the 1980s: a handful of innovative researchers working in specialized anthropology laboratories or medical departments developed the methodological inventory needed to extract critical information from subjects in vivo and from fossilized remains. A considerable part of this information is preserved in the physically heretofore inaccessible interior of anatomical structures. Virtual Anthropology (VA) is a means of making them visible and measurable. Thus, VA also allows access to 'hidden' landmarks; in addition, the large number of semilandmarks accessible on the form enhances the power of Geometric Morphometrics analysis. Furthermore, the density information in volume data allows manipulations such as segmentation, impossible with the real, physical object. Moreover, metric body measurements generally, and cranial measurements specifically, are also an important source of information for the analysis of the ontogenetic development of the skeletal system, and--last but not least--for clinical use (e.g., operation planning, operation simulation, prosthetics). Thus, there developed a fruitful interdisciplinary cooperation between statistics, medicine, and physical anthropology.
Anthropology, Physical↗
Locomotion and proliferation of glioblastoma cells in vitro: statistical evaluation of videomicroscopic observations.
OBJECT: The motility and doubling of human glioblastoma cells were investigated by means of statistical evaluation of large sets of data obtained using computer-aided videomicroscopy. METHODS: Data were obtained on cells in four established glioblastoma cell lines and also on primary tumor cells cultured from fresh surgical samples. Growth rates and cell cycle times were measured in individual microscopic fields. The averages of cell cycle time and the duplication time for the recorded cell populations were 26.2 +/- 5.6 hours and 38 +/- 4 hours, respectively. With these parameters, no significant differences among the cell lines were revealed. Also, there was no correlation in the cell cycle time of a parent cell and its progeny in any of the cultures. Statistical analysis of cell locomotion revealed an exponential distribution of cell velocities and strong fluctuations in individual cell velocities across time. The average velocity values ranged from 4.2 to 27.9 micro/hour. In spite of the uniform histopathological classification of the four tumors, each cell line produced by these tumors displayed distinct velocity distribution profiles and characteristic average velocity values. A comparison of recently established primary cultures with cell lines that had propagated multiple times indicated that cells derived from different tumors sustain their characteristic locomotor activity after several passages. CONCLUSIONS: It can be inferred from the data that statistical evaluation of physical parameters of cell locomotion can provide additional tools for tumor diagnosis.
Brain Neoplasms↗
[Physical and chemical characterization of industrial nixtamalized corn flour for human consumption in Central America].
The objective of this study was the characterization of industrial nixtamalized maize flour for human consumption and which are marketed in Central America for some selected physical and chemical properties which may contribute to food composition information and help nutrition and micronutrient fortification programs. A total of 12 brands purchased in triplicate were obtained from supermarkets in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. These samples were kept under refrigeration until analyzed. The physical parameters measured and results were the following: particle size with most samples having a high percentage of particles greater than 60 mesh, pH (5.4-7.5), water absorption index (WAI) (3.4-4.0 g gel/g sample), water soluble index (WSI) (4.8-7.8 g/100 g) and flour density (0.410-0.547 g/ml). The differences were statistically significant for all parameters measured, except for WAI. The chemical characteristics included, moisture, protein, fat, ash and dietetic fiber. Differences between flour samples were statistically significant except for fat content. Protein content was low, ranging between 6.7-8.1 g/100 g and total dietary fiber varied between 7.7-12.0 g/100 g. The samples were analyzed for phytic acid with a variation from 632 to 903 mg/100 g, with statistical significant differences. The samples were also analyzed for total and soluble (pH 7.5) iron, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, and magnesium. The difference in the iron and calcium content between flour samples were statistically significant. The physical and chemical variability found between flour samples of nixtamalized maize was relatively high and it is recommended to establish quality standards through raw material and process standardization for greater effectiveness of nutrition programs and activities on micronutrient fortification which may be pursued in the future.
Central America↗
Can basin land use effects on physical characteristics of streams be determined at broad geographic scales?
The environmental setting (e.g., climate, topography, geology) and land use affect stream physical characteristics singly and cumulatively. At broad geographic scales, we determined the importance of environmental setting and land use in explaining variation in stream physical characteristics. We hypothesized that as the spatial scale decreased from national to regional, land use would explain more of the variation in stream physical characteristics because environmental settings become more homogeneous. At a national scale, stepwise linear regression indicated that environmental setting was more important in explaining variability in stream physical characteristics. Although statistically discernible, the amount of variation explained by land use was not remarkable due to low partial correlations. At level II ecoregion spatial scales (southeastern USA plains, central USA plains, and a combination of the western Cordillera and the western interior basins and ranges), environmental setting variables were again more important predictors of stream physical characteristics, however, as the spatial scale decreased from national to regional, the portion of variability in stream physical characteristics explained by basin land use increased. Development of stream habitat indicators of land use will depend upon an understanding of relations between stream physical characteristics and environmental factors at multiple spatial scales. Smaller spatial scales will be necessary to reduce the confounding effects of variable environmental settings before the effects of land use can be reliably assessed.
Ecosystem↗
Binge eating, quality of life and physical activity improve after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.
BACKGROUND: Severe obesity has been associated with disordered eating, impaired quality of life (QoL), and decreased physical activity. This study examines changes in these variables 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). METHODS: 40 morbidly obese patients were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months after RYGBP on the following measures: Binge Eating Scale, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQoL-Lite), and the Baseline Questionnaire of Activity. RESULTS: 6 months after RYGBP, weight loss averaged 26.7%, and scores on measures of disordered eating, weight-related QoL, and physical activity showed statistically significant improvement from baseline. At the time of follow-up, 100% of participants achieved a score on the Binge Eating Scale that indicated no binge eating problems, and weight-related QoL scores approached those obtained by a reference sample of community volunteers. There were also improvements in the level of self-reported physical activity and television watching behavior. CONCLUSIONS: RYGBP resulted in significant improvements in disordered eating, weight-related QoL, and physical activity in addition to weight loss.
Adult↗
Results of a randomized phase-III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer.
PURPOSE: A large proportion of the practice of radiotherapy in the management of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate is associated with palliation of pain from osseous metastases and improving quality of life. Radiation therapy is well known to be effective in treating painful sites and may also be effective in reducing the propensity for adjuvantly treated disease to become symptomatic. Strontium-89 is a systemic radionuclide that has clinical efficacy in the palliation of pain from bony metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was a Phase-III randomized placebo control trial performed in eight Canadian Cancer Centers to evaluate the effectiveness of strontium-89 as an adjunct to local field radiotherapy. Patients with endocrine refractory metastatic prostate cancer received local field radiotherapy and either strontium-89 as a single injection of 10.8 mCi or placebo. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six patients were recruited. No significant differences in survival or in relief of pain at the index site where noted. Intake of analgesics over time demonstrated a significant reduction in the arm treated with strontium-89. Progression of pain as measured by sites of new pain or the requirement for radiotherapy showed statistically significant differences between the arms in favor of strontium-89. Tumor makers including prostate specific antigen, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were also reduced in patients receiving strontium-89. A Quality-of-Life analysis was performed as a multivariate data set and demonstrated an overall superiority of strontium-89 with alleviation of pain and improvement in physical activity being statistically significant. Toxicity was evaluated and demonstrated increased hematological toxicity in the group receiving strontium-89. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the addition of strontium-89 is an effective adjuvant therapy to local field radiotherapy reducing progression of disease as evidenced by new sites of pain and the requirement of further radiotherapy and improving quality-of-life and need for analgesic support in this group of patients.
Aged↗
Physician ownership of physical therapy services. Effects on charges, utilization, profits, and service characteristics.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of physician ownership of freestanding physical therapy and rehabilitation facilities on utilization, charges, profits, and three measures of service characteristics for physical therapy treatments. DESIGN: Statistical comparison by physician joint venture ownership status of freestanding physical therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation facilities providing physical therapy treatments in Florida. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 118 outpatient physical therapy facilities and 63 outpatient comprehensive rehabilitation facilities providing services in Florida during 1989. The data from the facilities were collected under a legislative mandate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visits per patient, average revenue per patient, percent operating income, percent markup, profits per patient, licensed therapist time per visit, and licensed and nonlicensed medical worker time per visit. RESULTS: Visits per patient were 39% to 45% higher in joint venture facilities. Both gross and net revenue per patient were 30% to 40% higher in facilities owned by referring physicians. Percent operating income and percent markup were significantly higher in joint venture physical therapy and rehabilitation facilities. Licensed physical therapists and licensed therapist assistants employed in non-joint venture facilities spend about 60% more time per visit treating physical therapy patients than licensed therapists and licensed therapist assistants working in joint venture facilities. Joint ventures also generate more of their revenues from patients with well-paying insurance. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that utilization, charges per patient, and profits are higher when physical therapy and rehabilitation facilities are owned by referring physicians. With respect to service characteristics, joint venture firms employ proportionately fewer licensed therapists and licensed therapist assistants to perform physical therapy, so that licensed professionals employed in joint venture businesses spend significantly less time per visit treating patients. These results should be of interest to the medical profession, third-party payers, and policymakers, all of whom are concerned about the consequences of physician self-referral arrangements.
Conflict of Interest↗
Changes in physical characteristics and performance of elite sailors following introduction of a sport science programme prior to the 1996 olympic games.
The objective of this study was to examine changes in sailors' physical characteristics during three different time periods immediately before the 1996 New Zealand Olympic trials, as a result of a newly introduced sport science programme. Twenty five (19 male and 6 female) Olympic development squad members volunteered as subjects and completed fitness tests at different times between April 1995 and March 1996 after being administered with individualised physical training programmes. Statistically significant improvements were observed in body weight, sum of skinfolds, flexibility (assessed using a sit-reach test), aerobic endurance (assessed using a maximal effort 2500 m rowing test) and strength (assessed as the maximum number of push-ups, pull-ups, and sit-ups that could be completed in 2 minutes) over the three time periods. Thus, physical training was effective in improving many aspects of sailors' fitness, especially early in the sailing season as a result of pre-season training. Physical performance correlated poorly with both light and heavy wind racing performance. The results suggest that individually tailored training programmes will increase sailing specific fitness. However, it is impossible to know what proportions of racing performance can be attributed to physical fitness, skill, talent, and technology, therefore the effect of physical training on racing performance is difficult to determine.
Female↗
A standard weight equation to assess the body condition of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis.
We developed a standard weight equation Ws to aid in the analysis of pejerrey Odonthestes bonariensis body condition over time and across populations using the relative weight index Wr. Weight--length data were compiled from 73 populations of pejerrey (N=16.022) from the Argentine pampas region. We used the regression-line-percentile technique, which provides a 75th-percentile standard by length intervals of 10 mm, to develop the Ws equation. The proposed equation is log 10 Ws=-5,267+3,163 log10 Lst; Ws is weight in grams and Lst is standard length in millimeters. This equation is proposed for use with pejerrey between 120 and 520 mm of Lst. Values for Wr calculated with the Ws equation did not consistently increase or decrease as function of fish length, indicating absence of length bias. We analyze the values and distribution of Wr for pejerrey and suggest how to interpret its results. The equation of Ws that intends to calculate the index of Wr, represents a useful tool of analysis, because not only it allows to statistically compare the physical condition of the pejerrey, independently of its size, capture moment or the individual origin, but also it facilitates to relate it with other variables.
Animals↗
[Characteristics of protein kinases from myocardium and their use for studying cAMP content in rat tissues after muscular activity].
Protein kinase from the bull myocardium tissue was separated by means of the stepped gradient of buffer concentrations on DEAE-cellulose. Sensitivity of the obtained fractions to cAMP was studied. Protein kinase isolated at elution by 0.3 M potassium-phosphate buffer from DEAE-cellulose is less sensitive to cAMP than protein kinase isolated according to Kuo. A decrease in the content of cAMP is established in the tissues of the skeletal muscles and adrenals of rats after long physical loading. No statistically significant changes are found in the level of cAMP under the same conditions in the myocardium and brain tissues.
Adrenal Glands↗
Registration of physical space to laparoscopic image space for use in minimally invasive hepatic surgery.
While laparoscopes are used for numerous minimally invasive (MI) procedures, MI liver resection and ablative surgery is infrequently performed. The paucity of cases is due to the restriction of the field of view by the laparoscope and the difficulty in determining tumor location and margins under video guidance. By merging MI surgery with interactive, image-guided surgery (IIGS), we hope to overcome localization difficulties present in laparoscopic liver procedures. One key component of any IIGS system is the development of accurate registration techniques to map image space to physical or patient space. This manuscript focuses on the accuracy and analysis of the direct linear transformation (DLT) method to register physical space with laparoscopic image space on both distorted and distortion-corrected video images. Experiments were conducted on a liver-sized plastic phantom affixed with 20 markers at various depths. After localizing the points in both physical and laparoscopic image space, registration accuracy was assessed for different combinations and numbers of control points (n) to determine the quantity necessary to develop a robust registration matrix. For n = 11, average target registration error (TRE) was 0.70 +/- 0.20 mm. We also studied the effects of distortion correction on registration accuracy. For the particular distortion correction method and laparoscope used in our experiments, there was no statistical significance between physical to image registration error for distorted and corrected images. In cases where a minimum number of control points (n = 6) are acquired, the DLT is often not stable and the mathematical process can lead to high TRE values. Mathematical filters developed through the analysis of the DLT were used to prospectively eliminate outlier cases where the TRE was high. For n = 6, prefilter average TRE was 17.4 +/- 153 mm for all trials; when the filters were applied, average TRE decreased to 1.64 +/- 1.10 mm for the remaining trials.
Humans↗
EFFECT OF CYTOLOGIC PROGRAM ON PELVIC EXAMINATIONS.
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Female↗
Cancer death statistics: analogy between epidemiology and critical systems in physics.
The determination of risk factors in carcinogenesis is said to be an essential step towards the understanding of this disease. Most mathematical models describing the evolution of mortality figures use the concept of death probability (or "force of mortality" or "hazard of death"). When summarizing the death statistics through this unique parameter, one implicitly makes the assumption that the death events are independent from one individual to another. In this paper, we show that this hypothesis has profound consequences as it implies a "gaussian" behavior of the death statistics fluctuations. In order to verify the validity of this assumption, French cancer death statistics between the years 1978-1996 are examined. Their fluctuations, for every age bracket, are computed and then compared to the expected gaussian fluctuations that should emerge from a model of death probability. We show that the observed fluctuations are in close agreement with a gaussian model up to 35-40 years. After 40 years, the fluctuations are much higher and cannot be explained by a model where every individual would have a given "probability of death". These observations may produce a new insight into old-age cancer mortality. It suggests that there could exist a major difference between cancers in young or older organisms: cancer developed in young organisms are the consequence of a specific attack against an organ (essentially originated from a single cause, like a virus or a genetic deficiency). On the other hand, older organism are closer to a "critical state" and, as such, the outcome of a cancer in a given organ could be the consequence of a chain of "malfunctions" (analogous to an avalanche in physical systems) in the entire organism.
Adolescent↗
Senior medical students as patient-preceptors to introduce basic history and physical examination skills to second year medical students.
Senior medical students are used as the patient and the preceptor to introduce the fundamentals of history taking and physical examination to sophomore medical students and this technique compared to the established method for teaching basic skills at the University of Iowa. Senior medical students were equally as effective as staff (residents, fellows, and faculty) in teaching the techniques of history and physical examination and statistically better than staff in providing the sophomore with a) suggestions as to how to improve their technique, and b) how their approach might affect the patient's attitude and behavior.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗