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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Behavioral health: integrating research and application in support of exploration missions.

"Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions," (Ball JR, Evans CH, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001) draws attention to behavioral health, an overarching topic that subsumes psychological, interpersonal, and cultural adaptation in space. On December 2-3, 2003, the University of California, Davis, was the site of a NASA-funded workshop entitled "New Directions in Behavioral Health: Integrating Research and Application." The purpose of the Workshop was to promote fruitful dialogue between researchers and operational personnel in the interests of expanding our understanding of behavioral health on Exploration missions including a return to the Moon and a voyage to Mars. This paper presents an overview of the rationale and findings of that workshop.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

[The Norwegian Antarctic expedition 1989-1990--medical contingency, work and research].

Antarctica is the world's coldest, driest, highest and most windy continent. The ice may reach a thickness of nearly five km, and the greater part of the world's fresh water is bound in this ice cap. The lowest temperature ever measured is -90 degrees C. The weather during this summer expedition was pleasant, and the temperature seldom fell below -30 degrees C. The 35 persons in the land party included two physicians and one nurse. No serious injury or disease occurred. The participants seemed experience an increase in lean body weight and loss of fat during five weeks in tents. Extensive data were collected for medical-psychological projects on immunology, adaptation to cold, exhaustion from cold and stress. Some results have been published in separate reports.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

A psychosocial model of the victim-to-patient process. Implications for treatment.

The psychosocial model of the victim-to-patient process explains how chronic abuse damages the self and sets into motion psychological processes that may evolve into various forms of mental illness. This model emphasizes the fragmented identity that derives from victims' attempts to accommodate to the judgments of others about the abuse, namely, it didn't happen; it happened, but it wasn't important and has no consequences; (s)he provoked it; and it wasn't abusive. Victims thus repress and deny the trauma and associated feelings in order to survive. The behavioral and psychological legacy of this adaptation forms the core of survivors' psychopathology and becomes an obstacle to treatment and recovery. The link between the damaged self and AIDS risk in adolescent runaway, homeless, and mentally ill survivor populations is underscored, along with recommendations for urgently needed clinical interventions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

The influence of psychological debriefing on emotional adaptation in women following early miscarriage: a preliminary study.

About a fifth of pregnancies end in miscarriage, leading to emotional consequences, such as anxiety and depression, which may last for a number of months. Despite this, women are not routinely provided with follow-up care. Anecdotal evidence suggests that follow-up focusing on emotional experiences may have beneficial effects. This study tests the hypothesis that the psychological debriefing process has a positive influence on emotional adaptation. Women were assessed, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Events Scale, at one week and four months post-miscarriage. Half the women also received psychological debriefing at two weeks. Intrusion and avoidance scores were initially as high as those of post-trauma victims, but had significantly decreased by four months. Depression was not detected at any time point, but anxiety was significantly higher than community sample estimates at one week and four months. Psychological debriefing was perceived to be helpful, but did not influence emotional adaptation. A number of hypotheses are provided to explain these results. Outcome scores at one week significantly predicted outcome at four months, suggesting that early assessment would be important in determining which women should be offered intervention.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2006

Military hardiness as a buffer of psychological health on return from deployment.

Military hardiness, the context-specific adaptation of psychological hardiness, is explored as it relates to military occupational stressors. It was hypothesized that military hardiness would moderate the effects of deployment stressors on soldier health. In a survey study of 629 U.S. soldiers, deployment stressors, military hardiness, and psychological and physical health were assessed during a peacekeeping deployment. Health was measured again after deployment. Results of moderated regression analyses partially supported the hypotheses; military hardiness moderated the impact of deployment stressors on depression after deployment, after controlling for depression during deployment. Implications for training military hardiness and applications to other occupational settings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Acute psychological stress alerts the adaptive immune response: stress-induced mobilization of effector T cells.

Influences of psychological stress on the acquired immune system have not consequently been investigated. We found acute psychological stress to cause an increase in CD56+ and CCR5+ effector T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy human subjects (N=22), while skin-homing CLA+ T cells decreased. At the same time, we observed a stress-induced decrease in CD45RA+/CCR7+ naive and CD45RA-/CCR7+ central memory T cells, while CD45RA-/CCR7- effector memory and CD45RA+/CCR7- terminally differentiated T cells increased. This T cell redistribution translated into an increase in T cells expressing perforin/granzyme B and in Epstein-Barr virus-specific, cytomegalovirus-specific and influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Thus, acute stress seems to promote the retention of less mature T cells within lymphoid tissue or skin while effector-type T cells are mobilized into the blood in order to be able to rapidly migrate into peripheral tissues.

Acute Disease↗