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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Comparison of single and multiple functional communication training responses for the treatment of problem behavior.

Two functional communication training (FCT) conditions without extinction were compared to treat the problem behavior of a child with developmental disabilities. The individual was taught to emit a single FCT response to obtain one of six items delivered in a randomized order or multiple FCT responses that specified the exact item. Results showed that only the FCT-multiple condition reduced problem behavior and maintained alternative mands.

Child↗

PubMed2001

Parental alcoholism and co-occurring antisocial behavior: prospective relationships to externalizing behavior problems in their young sons.

The hypothesis that parental alcoholism and co-occurring antisocial behavior would be indirectly linked to child externalizing behavior problems through child lack of control, current levels of parent depression, family conflict, and parent-child conflict was tested using manifest variable regression analysis. Participants were a community sample of 125 families with an alcoholic father and 83 ecologically matched but nonsubstance abusing families involved in the first 2 waves of an ongoing longitudinal study (with 3 years between each wave). All families had a biological son who was 3-5 years old at study onset. Results revealed that child lack of control mediated the relation between paternal alcoholism and the son's subsequent externalizing behavior problems. Family conflict was a significant mediator of maternal and paternal lifetime antisocial behavior effects and father-son conflict mediated paternal lifetime antisocial behavior effects. Study implications are discussed within the context of parental socialization of antisocial behavior.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2002

Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors. The Communities That Care Youth Survey.

Risk and protective factors predictive of adolescent problem behaviors such as substance abuse and delinquency are promising targets for preventive intervention. Community planners should assess and target risk and protective factors when designing prevention programs. This study describes the development, reliability, and validity of a self-report survey instrument for adolescents ages 11 to 18 that measures an array of risk and protective factors across multiple ecological domains as well as adolescent problem behaviors. The instrument can be used to assess the epidemiology of risk and protection in youth populations and to prioritize specific risk and protective factors in specific populations as targets for preventive intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Marital and severe parent-to-adolescent physical aggression in clinic-referred families: mother and adolescent reports on co-occurrence and links to child behavior problems.

This study examined the interplay of marital and severe parental physical aggression, and their links to child behavior problems, in 232 families of clinic-referred adolescents. Combined reports from mothers and adolescents indicated that two thirds of adolescents exposed to marital aggression in the past year had also experienced parental aggression. Mothers and fathers who used and/or were victims of marital aggression were both more likely to direct aggression toward their adolescent. Mother and youth reports of marital aggression were tied to each party's report of greater externalizing problems and to youth reports of greater internalizing problems. Severe parental aggression uniquely predicted maternal reports of both behavior problems, after controlling for marital aggression; the reverse was not true. Also, adolescents exposed to both types of family aggression did not display greater maladjustment than those subjected to only one type of family aggression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior problems among sons of alcoholics: effects of parent psychopathology, family conflict, and child undercontrol.

This study examined trajectories of disruptive behavior problems from preschool to early adolescence in 302 boys from a community-recruited sample of high-risk families. Growth modeling showed that paternal alcoholism was associated with elevated levels of sons' disruptive behavior problems. Family conflict predicted more disruptive behaviors at school entry and a slower rate of decline in such problems. Parent antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) exacerbated the effects of high preschool levels of sons' undercontrol on level of disruptive behaviors at school entry; this effect became progressively stronger across time. Low levels of undercontrol protected sons of ASPD parents from experiencing heightened levels of disruptive behaviors both at school entry and increasingly as sons grew older. Implications for subsequent maladjustment are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Behavioral problems in deaf children: methodologic and theoretical considerations.

Problems in methodologic and theoretical approaches to the study of behavioral problems in deaf children are discussed. The most serious and prevalent methodologic deficiencies include inaccurate definitions, poor operationalization of "deafness," and the use of inadequate comparison groups. Many of the theories developed to explain findings in this area fail to consider individual differences among the children and/or their environments. Suggestions are presented with the goal of encouraging more exactness in methodology and the development of an electric theoretical approach to research in this area. It is argued that a valid understanding of the occurrence and "causes" of behavioral problems in this group, based on sound methodology, is essential to logical decision making and to any attempts at intervention.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Use of a structured descriptive assessment methodology to identify variables affecting problem behavior.

This study evaluated a variation of functional assessment methodology, the structured descriptive assessment (SDA). The SDA is conducted in an individual's natural environment and involves systematically manipulating antecedent variables while leaving consequences free to vary. Results were evaluated by comparing the results of an SDA with results obtained from an analogue functional analysis with 4 children who exhibited problem behavior. For 3 of 4 participants, the results of the two assessments suggested similar hypotheses about variables maintaining problem behavior. Interventions based on the results of the SDA were implemented for 3 children and resulted in significant reductions in rates of problem behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Problem behaviors of low-income children with language delays: an observation study.

Children from low-income families are at increased risk for significant behavioral and language problems. Early identification of these problems is essential for effective intervention. The purpose of the present study was to use multiple behavioral assessments to examine the behavioral profiles of sixty 3- and 4-year-old children from low-income families enrolled in Head Start programs and to compare the behavior characteristics of 32 children with language delays with those of 28 children with typical language development. Teachers completed the Child Behavior Checklist/Caregiver-Teacher Report Form/2-5 (CTRF; T. M. Achenbach, 1997) and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS; F. M. Gresham and S. N. Elliott, 1990), and children were observed in the classrooms during structured and unstructured activities. Children with language delays exhibited more problem behaviors and poorer social skills on some of the observational measures than did children with typical language development, as predicted, but not on all.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

A study of friendship characteristics and problem behaviors among middle adolescents.

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used with a 15-item adolescent self-report measure to identify 4 salient friendship characteristics--Reciprocity of Relations, Overt Hostility, Covert Hostility, and Self-Disclosure--with a sample of about 1,100 middle adolescents. Higher levels of Overt and Covert Hostility and lower levels of Reciprocity of Relations with one's closest friend were associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, percentage of friends who drink, delinquent activity, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Self-Disclosure was positively correlated with some adolescent problem behaviors, possibly reflecting developmental changes toward greater interpersonal involvement with friends in concert with age normative tasks such as increased alcohol use. Longitudinal, prospective analyses indicated that delinquent activity and depressive symptoms were significant lagged predictors of Overt and Covert Hostility, but that friendship characteristics were not significant lagged predictors of adolescent problem behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

In search of effective programs to address students' emotional distress and behavioral problems part III: student assessment of school-based support groups.

Emotional distress and behavioral problems are common in high schools. This report describes the efficacy of an in-school program based on participation in volunteer-facilitated peer support groups in addressing these problems. Two hundred and fifty students who experienced such problems participated in weekly 50-minute peer support groups led by adult nonmental health professional volunteers. The students anonymously evaluated their progress and program acceptability using an instrument developed specifically to evaluate the group experience. Analysis of the evaluation of the 131 respondents documented the reliability of a proposed Self-Assessment Questionnaire which showed that participation led to improvement in school, interpersonal, and internal domains. The program was highly accepted and showed other signs of success: half of the alcohol and substance users reduced their intake, and 60% of those who considered dropping out of school continued their education. The results provide preliminary evidence that peer support groups show promise as an economical and well-accepted method for early recognition and management of emotional and behavioral problems in high schools. For some adolescents, these groups may be the only acceptable or available therapeutic modality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Submicroscopic 8pter deletion, mild mental retardation, and behavioral problems caused by a familial t(8;20)(p23;p13).

Microscopically visible distal 8p deletions have been associated with growth and mental impairment, minor facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, and behavioral problems. We report two cousins with mild retardation and behavioral problems, including inappropriate sexual behavior and pyromania. Familial learning difficulties on the grandfather's side incompatible with Mendelian inheritance prompted telomere screening, which detected a submicroscopic terminal 8p deletion of < 5.1 Mb. The cousins' mothers both carried a t(8;20)(p23;p13) balanced translocation. The frequently observed microcephaly in patients with microscopically visible deletions of 8pter is lacking in both cousins, suggesting that the gene(s) causing the microcephaly is centromeric to the deleted region. The absence of cardiac defects in the cousins confirms the more proximal location of gene(s) causing these abnormalities in other reported cases with microscopically visible 8pter deletions and supports involvement of the GATA4 gene. Moreover, the current cases predict the presence of a putative gene(s) involved in behavior in the most telomeric 5.1 Mb of the p-arm of chromosome 8. This first clinical report of a submicroscopic subtelomeric 8p deletion gives more insight into the so-called 8p- syndrome and demonstrates the difficulty in making a clinical diagnosis for a submicroscopic 8pter deletion in an individual patient with mental retardation.

Behavioral Symptoms↗

PubMed2005

The problem behavior model: the development of a stalkers clinic and a threateners clinic.

Traditionally, forensic mental health services have focused on the assessment and treatment of offenders with serious mental disorders. In recent years, there has been growing recognition that forensic clinicians have an important role to play for those offenders who engage in criminal acts driven by psychological or/and social problems, which may, or may not, occur in conjunction with a major mental disorder. This is especially true for specific offenses such as stalking and threatening. This article describes the innovation of the problem behavior model. This model uses a reductionist approach and the nexus between psychiatry and psychology to address the complex phenomena associated with specific problem behaviors that often culminate in offenses. The model is illustrated by describing the development of specialist clinics for the problem behaviors of stalking and threatening.

Aggression↗

PubMed1998

Behavior problems in children with diabetes: disentangling possible scoring confounds on the Child Behavior Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991), when used to assess the behavior of children with diabetes, may contain confounds because some behavioral items can have a physiologic etiology, and may skew reports of behavioral disturbance. METHODS: Two techniques were used to disentangle possible scoring confounds in the behavioral ratings of children with and without diabetes: (1) the Somatic Complaints scale was deleted, or (2) Diabetes Items, identified a priori with 89% agreement by nine medical personnel, were deleted. RESULTS: As expected, with traditionally scored protocols, children with diabetes obtained higher Internalizing and Total Behavior Problem scores than controls. This group difference persisted whether the Somatic Complaints scale or the Diabetes Items were deleted. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to controls, children with diabetes obtained mildly elevated scores on six of the eight CBCL scales, regardless of scoring method, suggesting that their mildly elevated behavioral profile is not confounded by physiologic symptomatology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Problem behaviors associated with deletion Prader-Willi, Smith-Magenis, and cri du chat syndromes.

Problem behaviors of individuals who had one of three chromosome deletion disorders (5p- cri-du-chat, 15q- Prader-Willi, or 17p- Smith-Magenis) were investigated. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist was used. Results were contrasted with those of two groups of people with mental retardation who were described in other studies. The checklist rates many, but not all, potentially relevant behaviors. Eating abnormalities, known to be problematic in Prader-Willi syndrome, and sleep abnormalities, believed to be problematic in Smith-Magenis syndrome, were not included in the survey. All three disorders were associated with greater ratings of problem behaviors than the comparison groups on at least one subscale of the checklist. The results lend support to the partial specificity model of behaviors associated with genetically determined syndromes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Are infant-toddler social-emotional and behavioral problems transient?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the persistence of parent-reported social-emotional and behavioral problems in infants and toddlers. METHOD: The sample comprised 1,082 children ascertained from birth records. Children were 12 to 40 months old in year 1 (1998-1999) and 23 to 48 months old in year 2 (1999-2000). Eighty percent participated in year 1 and 91% were retained in year 2. Social-emotional and behavioral problems were measured by high scores (> or=90th percentile) on the Internalizing, Externalizing, and/or Dysregulation domains of the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Parents reported on sociodemographic factors, family life impairment, parenting stress, and family functioning. RESULTS: Among children with any high ITSEA domain score in year 1, 49.9% had persistent psychopathology, as indicated by the continued presence of a high score in year 2. In multivariate analyses, persistence was significantly more likely when parents reported co-occurring problems (i.e., problems in multiple ITSEA domains), high family life disruption, and high parenting distress in year 1. Homotypic persistence rates (i.e., same domain persistence) ranged from 38% to 50%. Only for dysregulation was homotypic persistence greater when co-occurring problems were present than for dysregulation alone. Persistence patterns were similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that infant-toddler social-emotional/behavioral problems are not transient and highlight the need for early identification, multidomain and family assessment, and effective early intervention.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed2003

Psychometric analysis of the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist: factor structure of occurrence and reaction ratings.

A modified version of the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC; L. Teri et al., 1992) was administered across 6 different sites to 1,229 family caregivers of community-dwelling adults with dementia. The total sample was divided randomly into 2 subsamples. Principal components analyses on occurrence responses and reaction ratings from the first subsample resulted in a 3-factor solution that closely resembled the originally proposed dimensions (memory-related problems, disruptive behaviors, and depression). Confirmatory factor analyses on data from the second subsample indicated adequate fit for the 3-factor model. Correlations with other caregiver and care-recipient measures supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the RMBPC measures. In addition, female caregivers and White caregivers reported more problems, on average, than male caregivers and African American caregivers, respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Hope, social support, and behavioral problems in at-risk children.

This study investigated the effects of hope, social support, and stress on behavioral problems in a high-risk group of 65 children of incarcerated mothers. Children with low levels of hope had more externalizing and internalizing problems. Children who perceived less social support had more externalizing problems, and children who had experienced more life stressors reported more internalizing problems. Regression analyses indicated that hope contributed unique variance to both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems after social support and stress were controlled. These findings suggest that being confident in one's ability to overcome challenges and having a positive outlook function as protective factors, whereas being less hopeful may place a child at risk for developing adjustment problems. Whether it is possible to foster agency and teach pathways to children with lower levels of hope is discussed.

Attitude↗

PubMed1992

Childhood behavior problems: a comparison of twin and non-twin samples.

This study compares standardized measures of childhood behavior problems in a community-based twin sample with those for normative samples from the general population. Maternal parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for 1824 twins were compared with the CBCL normative sample. The results indicated that twins showed small but consistently higher levels of problem behaviors. These elevations were significant for older children on both internalizing and externalizing behaviors; for younger children the elevations were significant for externalizing but not internalizing behaviors.

Adolescent↗