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PubMed2004

Workers' compensation market moderates.

Several insurers are engaged in price competition, placing downward pressure on policy costs. But overall, insurers are still careful about their underwriting and pricing.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2005

[Sickness absence incidence in Norway 1975-2002].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present paper is to describe the sickness absence incidence in Norway after the introduction of the present sickness absence benefit scheme in 1978. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on sickness absence from the National Insurance Administration), Statistics Norway and the Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry (the employers' federation) are presented and discussed. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The incidence of short-term absence has changed very modestly since the present system with self-certification of absence of 1 to 3 days was introduced. Long-term sickness absence was at its lowest levels in 1983 and 1994, coinciding with peaks of unemployment in Norway. From 1995 there has been a rather steep increase in sickness absence; in 2002 the Insurance Administration recorded the highest figures for sickness absence ever. Mean number of sickness absence days among all employed persons compensated by the Insurance Administration (only spells > 16 days) was 10.6 days for men and 16.7 days for women in 2002. The data from the employers' federation, however, indicate that sickness absence levels for male workers in private sector were still below the levels recorded in the 1970s. Mental disorders are an increasing reason for sickness absence in Norway and have contributed to an increase in mean duration of sickness absence spells. More epidemiological research on sickness absence in Norway is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Medical expert opinions in oral and maxillofacial medicine regarding incisor tooth trauma].

BACKGROUND: The treatment of traumatized patients plays a significant role in the everyday life of oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as of dentists. Traumas of incisor teeth account for a considerable part. These traumas are often followed by lawsuits. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to highlight aspects of these lawsuits of special significance and to show the consequences for surgeons and general practitioners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 398 medical expert opinions were evaluated. Moreover, an online search of databases for relevant court decisions was performed. Analysis was initially based on formal aspects of the cases and reports. It was later supplemented by a differentiated assignment of the questions addressed by the courts to the expert consultants. RESULTS: In 97 (24%) medical expert opinions traumas of the incisor teeth were the main subject. In 35% the trauma was caused by traffic accidents followed by assaults. In one-third the medical expert opinion was commissioned by accident insurance companies. The compensation for pain and suffering was between 1500 and 2000 euros per lost tooth. CONCLUSION: Traumas of incisor teeth are often followed by litigations. Clinicians performing first treatment should ensure that documentation of clinical and radiological findings is detailed and complete. This documentation plays a decisive role in medical expert opinions.

Compensation and Redress↗
PubMed2006

Factors influencing discharge location following high lesion spinal cord injury rehabilitation in British Columbia, Canada.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe factors that influence discharge location -- extended care unit (nursing home) or other (private home, group home, or acute care) -- following rehabilitation for individuals with a new high lesion spinal cord injury (SCI) (C1-C4) in British Columbia, Canada. SETTING: GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. METHODS: Eligible clients were adults admitted to the GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre Spinal Cord Program between 1994 and 2003, with a new C1-4 lesion (traumatic or nontraumatic), and an ASIA score of A-C at time of discharge. Medical charts of 52 individuals were reviewed and data regarding individual characteristics, health-related characteristics, personal context, hospitalization factors, health resources, and other contextual factors were extracted. RESULTS: In total, 40% of clients were discharged to extended care units post rehabilitation. Seven variables were associated at a univariate level: age, employment at the time of injury, pre-existing medical conditions, social support, preinjury living situation, and insurance (worker's compensation or motor vehicle) or private funding for equipment. Four variables were associated at the multivariate level: age, preinjury living situation, and insurance or private funding for equipment. CONCLUSION: A range of individual, health-related, family and social policy variables influence discharge location following rehabilitation for high lesion SCI in British Columbia. The unique combination of variables presented by each individual should be considered by the rehabilitation team in the discharge planning process.

Adult↗