PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Colostrum”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Colostrum production by ewes and the amounts ingested by lambs.

Studies involving 49 ewes which were well nourished during the last eight weeks of pregnancy indicated that ewe weight loss during pregnancy and lamb birth weights followed the recognised pattern and were within acceptable "normal" limits. Colostrum production ranged from 1238 to 4593 g per ewe during the 48 h following the first suckling and there was evidence that production levels were related to demand by the lambs. Colostrum consumption by individual lambs was related to litter size. The smaller the litter size the greater was the amount ingested during the first 48 h of life. No clear relationship was established between the amount of colostrum consumed and the level of immunoglobulin in a lamb's circulation. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transfer of antibodies against the CPD virus through colostrum and milk.

Newborn lamb immunoglobulins are of maternal origin and the transfer is done exclusively by colostrum and milk (syndesmochorial placentation). Antibody levels in colostrum and in maternal serum are the same at the moment of lambing. Milk antibodies are synthesized by cells which invade the udder at the end of the milking period. We immunized ewes with C.P.D. virus during gestation or at the end of lactation and we evaluated the presence of specific neutralizing antibodies in colostrum, in milk and in the sera of the mother and lamb. We recommend vaccination during pregnancy for ewes which are not going to feed their lambs: colostral given protection persists for 3 or 4 weeks. Ewe vaccination when the udder dried up is the choice when natural suckling is used: the lamb is protected as long as it is with its mother. In the conditions used in this work the steroid injection did not interfere with colostral antibody transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunologic aspects of human colostrum and milk. III. Fate and absorption of cellular and soluble components in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn.

A group of formula-fed infants were administered a single feed of poliovirus IgA antibody-rich human colostrum 18 to 72 hr after birth. Subsequently, the presence of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulin and poliovirus antibody activity was determined in serial serum and fecal samples of the neonates. Absorption of IgA immunoglobulin from the colostrum to the circulation was observed in three infants who were fed with colostrum between 18 and 24 hr after birth. Another group of infants of tuberculin-positive mothers who were being breast fed by their own mothers were followed for the development of in vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity against tuberculin after prolonged breast feeding. Tuberculin-specific proliferative response was observed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of two neonates after 5 weeks of breast feeding. The responses were undetectable after 12 weeks, although the infants continued to breast feed. No tuberculin reactivity was observed in the cord lymphocytes. These observations suggest uptake of IgA immunoglobulin and components of cellular immunity in the intestine during the immediate neonatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Role of colostrum and milk in the natural transmission of the bovine leukemia virus.

The role of colostrum and milk in the transmission of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was examined by monitoring the development of BLV infection in calves that were fed since birth on colostrum and milk from their BLV-positive dams and then reared in complete or partial isolation from infected cattle. Twenty-one of the 25 calves raised in complete isolation remained negative for BLV until the last evaluation. At this time, 14 calves were older than 28 months of age, and seven were 16 to 20 months old. Three calves in this group became BLV positive before the age of five months, and one became so at the age of 12 months. Of the 16 calves raised in partial isolation, two were positive at the ages of 11 and 18 months, respectively. The other 14 calves remained negative during the 26 to 29 months of observation. It is not known if the six animals that became BLV positive in these two groups were infected by milk, or prenatally, or during contact with their infected dams. While only six of the 41 calves raised in isolation became infected, all 18 calves raised in contact with BLV-positive cows became infected before the age of 26 to 29 months of age, and 12 were positive at 16 to 20 months of age. Thus, it is apparent that, under natural conditions, milk-borne transmission of BLV, if it occurs at all, is much less frequent than contact transmission, despite the fact that, as shown in previous studies, infectious BLV is present in the colostrum and milk of most BLV-positive cows. Passively acquired maternal antibodies to BLV were probably responsible for the resistance of the calves to milk-borne infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of ovine colostrum to detect antibody against progressive pneumonia virus.

Immunoglobulins were isolated and purified from the colostrum and serum of progressive pneumonia virus infected sheep and also from non-infected control sheep. Four classes of immunoglobulins were isolated from sheep colostrum (IgG1, IgG2, IgA and Ig10s). Three classes of immunoglobulins were isolated from sheep serum (IgG1, IgG2 and IgM). Low levels of virus neutralizing activity were demonstrated only in the whole serum and purified serum IgG1 preparations. No complement fixing activity was detected in any of the antibody preparations from colostrum.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serum thyroid hormone levels in colostrum deprived piglets and calves.

The level of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was measured in blood of colostrum deprived calves and piglets and compared with appropriate control animals which were fed colostrum and milk according to a regular farm schedule. In most of cases, the levels of iodothyronines measured were significantly decreased in colostrum deprived (CD) calves between 36 h and 14 d of age. In piglets, the levels of iodothyronines were measured up to 72 h of age only and no remarkable differences were found between controls and CD animals. The concentration of T3 in pig milk after extraction with alkalized ethanol was estimated with radioimmunoassay and, at 1 week after delivery, it was 0.78 +/- 0.084 nmol 1(-1) (n = 10).

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[17 beta-estradiol and progesterone content of the blood plasma, colostrum, amniotic fluid and placenta of cows].

A study was carried out to shed light on the mode of action and the quantitative interrelationships between the levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the blood plasma, colostrum, and amniotic fluid. The idea was to elucidate more fully the question on the role played by colostrum as a stimulant with regard to the polycyclic functions in farm animals. The evaluation of both agents was performed with the aid of KIT (IRC Sorin Torino). Radioimmunologic results showed that there was positive correlation with the levels of 17 beta-estradiol in the plasma, colostrum, and amniotic fluid of cows that spontaneously rejected their placenta up to the second hour after calving.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Influence of birth prematurity on colostrum composition and subsequent immunity of piglets.

Two groups of seven pregnant sows were farrowing either naturally after 111-114 days of gestation or prematurely after 109 days following an injection of 125 micrograms/animal of a prostaglandin analogue. Colostrum intake was controlled individually on piglets during the first 24 h of life. Measurements of IgG, IgA and IgM were performed on 3 samples of colostrum after 0, 12 and 24 h following the birth of the first piglet, then in the serum of the piglets, sampled at 4, 12 and 42 days of age. Then, we calculated the total amount of Ig intake during the first 24 h of life and an estimation of the Ig stores of each piglet on the basis of weight, blood volume, and hematocrit at different ages. Results showed a marked average difference in the birth weight in favour of mature piglets as well as an increased colostrum intake: 315 vs an average of 213 g for premature piglets. Considerable variations between sows were found in the initial level of colostral IgG, independently of the gestation length. Two thirds of the IgG intake by piglets occurred during the first 12 h. Total Immunoglobulin intake in the first day was respectively 15.8 g vs 25.1 g for premature or mature piglets. Total estimated Ig content in the serum of 4 day-old piglets was also lower for premature ones (2.55 vs 3.2 g/animal), representing 10 to 27% of the total amount of Igs ingested during the first day of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Local production of IgG4 in human colostrum.

Total IgG4 levels were determined in 27 colostrum and 27 plasma paired samples by using RIA techniques, and total IgG was determined on the same pairs by using radial immunodiffusion. In colostrum, the mean IgG4 level was 4.6 micrograms/ml (0.6 to 19.0), and in the plasma the mean IgG4 level was 170.5 micrograms/ml (30 to 920). IgG averaged 42.3 micrograms/ml (12 to 240) in colostrum and 7980.9 micrograms/ml (3250 to 16,000) in plasma. Of colostral IgG, 15.3% was IgG4, whereas only 3.5% of plasma IgG was IgG4. Specific IgG4 antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, bermuda grass, and alpha-gliadin were also assayed. In six patients, strong evidence was found for local mammary production of IgG4-specific antibodies.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Effect of age on C1q and C3 levels in human serum and their presence in colostrum.

The initiating complement component (C1q) in the classical pathway of 730 subjects and the first essential component (C3) in the alternative pathway of 461 subjects in Japan were examined. The study population consisted of normal healthy newborns, infants, children, adults and the old (from birth up to 75 years of age). In cord sera, both C1q and C3 were about 60% to the total mean level. At 3 days of age, C1q markedly increased to the mean level which remained relatively invariable up to 40 years of age. And above 40 years, the C1q level increased steadily with age up to about 75 years of age. C3 reached the mean level at about 1 month of age, and was highest during infancy. This level declined at about puberty and then continued to increase steadily with age up to around 55 years. In normal healthy subjects, a moderate positive rank correlation was found between C1q and C3 amounts. No significant differences of C1q and C3 levels were evident between male and female. No C1q was demonstrable in the colostrum from which lipids were previously removed, but after concentration by precipitation in a chelating agent with a low ionic strength, C1q, measured immunochemically, was detectable at concentrations of 300 ng/ml of colostrum. C3 was also detected at concentrations of about 200 microgram/ml of colostrum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Possible factors influencing immunoglobulin A concentration in swine colostrum.

The immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from the same number of farm-raised sows in the Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan during 1976 and 1977. The mean IgA value was 12.26 +/- 3.30 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 28.14 mg/ml and 5.63 mg/ml, respectively. To determine factors influencing the IgA concentration in swine colostrum, the following items were analyzed in the present study: season, district, breed, number of parturitions, udder section from which samples were collected, kind of feed, vaccinations of swine (erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, and transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of sows raised on a farm. Relationships between the IgA concentration in swine colostrum and each of these 12 items were analyzed. Of the 12 items, breed and number of parturitions were the most influential on the IgA concentration in colostra of farm-raised sows. Season, district, and vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine were moderately influential. Udder section, kind of feed, vaccinations of swine (erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, and Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of farm-raised sows were slightly influential. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained was 0.5887 (P greater than 0.05).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Possible factors influencing the immunoglobulin M concentration in swine colostrum.

The immunoglobulin (Ig) M concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from the same number of farm-raised sows in Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan during 1976 and 1977. The mean IgM value was 4.16 +/- 1.11 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 7.74 mg/ml and 1.50 mg/ml, respectively. To elucidate the possible factors influencing the IgM concentration in swine colostrum, the following 12 items were surveyed in the present study: season, district, breed, age, udder section (mamma) from which colostral samples were collected, kind of feed, 4 vaccinations (swine erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, and transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of sows raised on a farm. Relationships between the IgM concentration in swine colostrum and each item were analyzed. Of the 12 items, 3 items--season, breed, and vaccination of swine erysipelas live-organism vaccine--were the most influential on the IgM concentration in colostra of farm-raised sows. Five items--district, age, kind of feed, vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine, and number of sows raised on a farm--were moderately influential. The remaining items--udder section, vaccinations with hog cholera live-virus vaccine and Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, and type of farming--were poorly influential. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained here was 0.5605 (P greater than 0.05).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulin M associated with secretory component and immunoglobulin A deficiency in bovine colostrum.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) M purified from bovine colostrum was examined by an immunodiffusion analysis with antisecretory IgA serum and was found to be associated with a secretory component. Some of the combined proteins were dissociated if treated with 5 M guanidine-HCl and others were not. Another immunodiffusion analysis of 23 specimens of colostrum led to the finding that certain colostrums were deficient in IgA, even though they contained IgG and IgM.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Antispermatozoal antibodies in human colostrum and milk.

Authors studied antisperm activity in human colostrum and milk by tray agglutination (TAT) and indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) tests. Spermagglutination observed by TAT was found in 10 patients (24%) in colostrum, in 3 (5%) in milk. Character of spermantibodies by indirect MAR-test showed the presence of sIgA in 6 (14%), in IgG in 4 (9.5%) in colostrum, the presence of sIgA in 3 (4.8%), of sIgA and IgG together in 1 (1.7%) in milk. Authors discuss the origin of these antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vitamin B12 levels in ewe colostrum and milk and in lamb serum.

Vitamin B12 was measured in samples of normal ovine colostrum and milk and in sera of lambs and ewes taken at various stages of lactation, from lambing up to 16 d. Colostrum obtained within 24 h of lambing contained high concentrations of vitamin B12, but within a few days the levels fell. The lambs received high levels of vitamin B12 from their dams' colostrum but a parallel decrease of vitamin B12 levels in lambs' serum and ewes' milk was subsequently observed. Milk vitamin B12 was analysed by the microbiological method (Lactobacillus leichmannii, ATCC 7830) and a radioisotope dilution (RID) technique. Milk vitamin B12 concentrations were greater with the microbiological technique compared with the RID method. The radioassay method has been shown to be as reliable as the microbiological method for measuring vitamin B12 in ovine milk except for very low levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Production of hyperimmune bovine colostrum against Campylobacter jejuni.

Serial immunization of dairy cows with Campylobacter jejuni resulted in an enhanced serum antibody response and production of hyperimmune colostrum in all vaccinated animals. An approximate 10-fold decrease in the Camp. jejuni-specific antibody titres in colostrum was observed within 2 d post-partum. The lyophilized colostral concentrate fed to newborn calves resulted in a rapid increase in serum antibody response. Specific Camp. jejuni immunoglobulins could be detected in these animals for a further 10 weeks. The lyophilized hyperimmunized colostrum was very stable in vitro at different storage temperatures. It could be used for passive immunization to campylobacteriosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Icterus in bob veal calves and its association with lack of colostrum intake and high serum creatine kinase activity.

Icterus condemnations compose a substantial proportion (41%) of total condemnations of bob veal, the class of veal composed of calves < 3 weeks old and weighing up to 68 kg. At postmortem examination, bob veal condemned because of icterus have generalized yellow discoloration of tissues, which is commonly associated with large, yellow liver (fatty liver), and a paucity of other gross pathologic changes. To establish that the generalized yellow discoloration was attributable to high tissue bilirubin concentrations and to examine the underlying mechanism(s) that might be responsible, blood samples and tissue specimens were obtained from clinically normal and icteric bob veal calves at slaughter. For comparison, blood samples were collected from clinically normal, 1- to 5-day-old Holstein calves being raised on local dairy farms. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were obtained for the 3 groups of calves (normal local, normal slaughter, and icteric slaughter), and tissues of slaughter calves were examined for histologic evidence of inflammatory or degenerative changes. Mean +/- SD total bilirubin concentration and creatine kinase (CK) activity in icteric bob veal (3.3 +/- 0.8 mg/dl; 869 +/- 788 U/L), normal bob veal (1.4 +/- 0.7 mg/dl; 486 +/- 890 U/L), and normal local calves (0.5 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; 156 +/- 158 U/L) were significantly different. When data for both normal and icteric bob veal calf groups were combined for analysis, total bilirubin concentration regressed significantly on hepatic lipid scores (P = 0.00003) and CK activity (P = 0.00049). Colostrum consumption was determined by measuring serum total protein concentration and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Bob veal calves that had not consumed colostrum had significantly higher total bilirubin (P = 0.00005) and CK (P = 0.0008) values. It was concluded that normal and icteric bob veal calves have significant increase in total bilirubin concentration, and icterus of bob veal calves is secondary to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Lack of colostrum consumption was strongly correlated with icterus in bob veal calves.

Analysis of Variance↗