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PubMed2003

The effect of antibiotic treatment on active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Antibiotics are one of four arms of the SAFE strategy for the control of trachoma, an eye infection that is responsible for more cases of blindness than any condition other than cataract. The evidence for the use of topical tetracycline and oral tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and azithromycin in trachoma are reviewed here and a number of issues are nominated as research and policy priorities.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the neonatal period: clinical and laboratory aspects. Experience of a decade: 1987-1998].

UNLABELLED: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is adquired by the newborn infant during the delivery, 25 to 50% of them may develop conjunctivitis and 10 to 20% pneumonia. BACKGROUND: To verify the incidence of ocular infection by C. trachomatis in the newborn infants with conjunctivitis. To observe the association between ocular infection and intersticial pneumonia.-Study the epidemiological aspects and laboratorial methods of criterial diagnosis. CASUISTICS AND METHODS: We studied the newborn infants admitted in the intensive neonatal care with diagnostic of conjunctivitis and/or interstitial pneumonia during the period of ten years. The diagnostic methods were direct exam of etiologic agent in conjunctival material, X ray chest and serologic test by imunofluorescence method for IgG and IgM antibodies. RESULTS: We studied the clinical characteristics of 20 newborns infants with chlamydial trachomatis infection: 15 (75%) were terms newborns and 5 (25%) pre-terms. We observed the predominance of infection in females (60%); pneumonia was observed in 15/20 (75%) and 12 of them had both: conjunctivitis and pneumonia. We did not observe significant association among type of delivery, age of the mother, number of partner and infection. Leukorrhea was present em 50% of the mothers The serologic test was positive in 100% of the newborn with pneumonia and none with conjunctivitis alone, and the direct exam in conjuntival material was positive in newborns with conjunctivitis. The incidence of C. trachomatis in the newborns admitted in this period with conjunctivitis were 17/100 (17%). CONCLUSION: Chlamydia trachomatis is an important pathogenical agent and the research of it is essential in newborn infants with conjunctivitis and/or interstitial pneumonia even there were not risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases. The direct exam of conjunctival material and serologic test are very important to diagnosis.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗

PubMed1985

An application of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children.

A method for rapid identification of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) from clinical specimens using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies was evaluated. Attempts to isolate C. trachomatis by McCoy cell cultures were simultaneously performed. C. trachomatis was isolated from 8 of 62 newborns with neonatal conjunctivitis in tissue culture as compared with 12 positives using monoclonal antibodies. C. trachomatis was isolated from 2 of 7 infants with pneumonia in tissue cultures as compared with 3 positives using monoclonal antibodies. In order to identify either elementary bodies (EB) or reticulate bodies (RB) in clinical specimens, EB and RB of C. trachomatis L2/434 strain were isolated, purified and reacted with monoclonal antibodies. Majority of fluorescence observed in the clinical specimens was considered to be EB.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2002

Ocular chlamydial infections: pathogenesis and emerging treatment strategies.

Chlamydiae cause a spectrum of diseases in multiple organ systems, and chlamydial infections of the eye lead to sequelae varying from mild conjunctivitis to blindness. This paper reviews current concepts in the pathogenesis and management of ocular chlamydial infections. Trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world, is compared with other ocular chlamydial diseases to underscore key concepts in chlamydial pathogenesis. Emerging treatment strategies are discussed in the context of chlamydial pathogenesis and the World Health Organization initiative to eradicate trachoma by 2020.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of neonatal infection in industrialized countries and is acquired from the infected maternal cervix. Multiple mucosal surfaces, including the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract as well as the conjunctiva, will be colonized by the organism. Conjunctivitis and pneumonia are the illnesses presently recognized as manifestations of these infections. C. trachomatis is isolated from the eye in 14 to 25% of patients with neonatal conjunctivitis and there is often an associated nasopharyngeal infection. The conjunctivitis is often the first clinical manifestation of these potentially systemic infections and therefore systemic therapy is required. The recommended treatment in neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis is oral erythromycin 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days. This dose is well tolerated by the infant. Parents of infants with chlamydia infection should be treated with oral erythromycin or tetracyclines. Erythromycin should be given to breast feeding mothers.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1988

Levels of erythromycin in tear fluid and serum in infants with conjunctivitis.

38 newborns with purulent conjunctivitis were treated with oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate 25 mg/kg every 12 h for 14 days. 3-4 days after initiation of therapy, erythromycin levels in serum and tear fluid were measured 1 and 12 h after the administration of erythromycin. The level of erythromycin in tear fluid was significantly higher than that in serum 1 and 12 h after administration of the antibiotic. On both occasions the concentrations of erythromycin in tear fluid and in serum exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro for Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗

PubMed1989

Management and prevention of ocular viral and chlamydial infections.

A majority of cases of preventable and/or curable ocular morbidity and blindness are caused by ocular infections. They may account for 70 to 90% of all ocular morbidity seen by family doctors, general practitioners, health centers, and local ophthalmologists in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, most health authorities and doctors, including ophthalmologists, consider these diseases to be of little or no importance because they are not fully aware of the high prevalence of these infections and the blinding sequelae which may occur following incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Also, they are not aware of the social and economic impact of these infections in the absence of proper management and implementation of preventive measures. In this review, we examine present knowledge of chlamydial and common viral ocular infections. We discuss the problems of diagnosis, management, and prevention and propose solutions relevant to developed and developing countries.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1966