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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of ranitidine on basal and bicarbonate enhanced intragastric PCO2: a tonometric study.

A high intragastric PCO2 (iPCO2), determined tonometrically, is the main factor participating in a low gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and may point to gastric mucosal ischaemia. iPCO2 might also increase, however, after buffering of gastric acid by bicarbonate; the magnitude of this effect and the efficacy of H2 blockers to prevent it are unclear. Ten healthy volunteers (20-24 years) were studied at baseline and after oral ingestion of 500 mg sodium bicarbonate. The same test was carried out one hour after intravenous injection of 100 mg ranitidine. A glass pH electrode for continuous gastric juice pH measurements and a Tonomitor catheter were placed 10 cm distally from the gastro-oesophageal junction. iPCO2 was measured in saline boluses, infused at 30 minute intervals in the balloon at the tip of the Tonomitor. Before ranitidine was given, basal iPCO2 (mean (SD)) was 8.40 (2.53) kPa, and increased to 19.20 (5.87) kPa after sodium bicarbonate (p < 0.001). After ranitidine, the gastric juice pH increased from 1.8 (0.9) to 5.6 (1.3) (p < 0.05), while basal iPCO2 was 5.60 (0.67) kPa (p < 0.01) and did not change after sodium bicarbonate (6.27 (2.67) kPa)). iPCO2 values after acid secretion suppression were similar to those in capillary blood (5.60 (0.40 kPa)). The difference between intragastric and blood PCO2 during normal acid secretion probably results from buffering of gastric acid by gastric bicarbonate, rather than by duodenogastric reflux or saliva entering the stomach. During acid secretion suppression, intragastric equals blood PCO2, even after oral ingestion of sodium bicarbonate. Hence, acid secretion inhibition is mandatory for proper assessment of iPCO2 and pHi as specific measures of the adequacy of gastric mucosal blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pre-operative neutralization of gastric acidity.

The incidence of Mendelson's syndrome in the four major Auckland hospitals is reviewed. The frequency of this condition was reduced following the pre-operative administration of magnesium trisilicate mixture in two hospitals. A trial was conducted in a third hospital and this showed that a 52 per cent incidence of highly acid gastric juice (pH less than 2.5) in patients prepared for elective surgery was reduced by administration of magnesium trisilicate mixture at the time of premedication. When the magnesium trisilicate mixture was given within the 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia, the number of patients with highly acid gastric content fell to one per cent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Changes of interleukin-6 and related factors as well as gastric intramucosal pH during colorectal and orthopaedic surgical procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of perioperative serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol, as well as gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and plasma lactate, aiming to compare systemic changes and tissue perfusion during colorectal and orthopaedic surgical procedures. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to two groups, 10 cases of operation on vertebral canal, 10 cases of colorectal radical operation. Venous blood was drawn at 1 day before operation, 2, 4, and 6 hours following skin incision, and 1 day after operation, in order to measure serum IL-6, CRP, and cortisol. pHi and plasma lactate were also measured at the same time points. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of IL-6 and cortisol increased gradually following operation, reaching the peak value at 6 hours from the beginning of operation. CRP was not detectable until the first day after operation. Peak concentration of IL-6 had positive relationship with CRP. These variables changed more significantly in colorectal group than that in orthopaedic group (P < 0.05). pHi decreased gradually, reaching the lowest level at 4 hours from the beginning of operation, and to more extent in colorectal group than that in orthopaedic group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-6 may reflect tissue damage more sensitively than CRP. Colorectal surgery might induce systemic disorder to more extent, in terms of immuno-endocrinal aspect as well as tissue perfusion, reflected with pHi.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on gastric parietal and surface cell function in the dog.

p-Chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, a polar organic mercurial which presumably penetrates cell membranes with great difficulty, led to a profound decrease in acid recovered from exteriorized segments of dog gastric fundus stimulated by exogenous histamine. Trapping of secreted hydrogen ions by Tris buffer did not significantly reduce the back-diffusion component of apparent inhibition. Sodium-for-hydrogen exchange was close to unity before and after inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Denervated stomach as an esophageal substitute recovers intraluminal acidity with time.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the denervated stomach as an esophageal substitute recovers normal intraluminal acidity with time. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Bilateral truncal vagotomy to the stomach as an esophageal substitute reduces both gastric acid production and antral motility, but a spontaneous motor recovery process takes place over years. METHODS: Intraluminal gastric pH and bile were monitored during a 24-hour period 1 to 195 months after transthoracic elevation of the stomach as esophageal replacement in 91 and 76 patients, respectively. Nine patients underwent a second gastric pH monitoring after a 3-year period. The percentages of time that the gastric pH was less than 2 and bile absorbance exceeded 0.25 were calculated in reference to values from 25 healthy volunteers. Eighty-nine upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed in 83 patients. Patients were divided into three groups depending on length of follow-up: group 1, less than 1 year; group 2, 1 to 3 years; group 3, more than 3 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of a normal gastric pH profile was 32.3% in group 1, 81.5% in group 2, and 97.6% in group 3. The percentage of time that the gastric pH was less than 2 increased from group 1 (27.3%) to group 2 (56.1%) and group 3 (70.5%), parallel to an increase in the prevalence of cervical heartburn and esophagitis. The percentage of time that the gastric pH was less than 2 increased from 28.7% to 81.2% in the nine patients investigated twice. Exposure of the gastric mucosa to bile was 12.8% in patients with a high gastric pH profile versus 19.3% in those with normal acidity. In the esophageal remnant in six patients, Barrett's metaplasia developed, intestinal (n = 2) or gastric (n = 4) in type. CONCLUSIONS: Early after vagotomy, intraluminal gastric acidity is reduced in two thirds of patients, but the stomach recovers a normal intraluminal pH profile with time, so that in more than one third of patients, disabling cervical heartburn and esophagitis develop. The potential for the development of Barrett's metaplasia in the esophageal remnant brings into question the use of the stomach as an esophageal substitute in benign and early neoplastic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Gastroprotective effect of leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast in alendronat-induced lesions of the rat gastric mucosa.

Alendronate causes serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. We aimed to investigate if montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is protective against this damage. Rats were administered 20 mg/kg alendronate by gavage for 4 days, either alone or following treatment with montelukast (10 mg/kg). On the last day, following drug administration, pilor ligation was performed and 2 h later, rats were killed and stomach, liver and kidney tissues were removed. Gastric acidity, gastric tissue ulcer index values and malondialdehyde (MDA); an end product of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) levels; a key antioxidant, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; an indirect marker of tissue neutrophil infiltration were determined, and the histologic appearance of the stomach, liver and kidney tissues were studied. Chronic oral administration of alendronate induced significant gastric damage, increasing myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation, while tissue glutathione levels decreased. Similarly, in the alendronate group MDA levels and MPO activities of liver and kidney tissues were increased and GSH levels were decreased. Treatment with montelukast prevented the damage as well as the changes in biochemical parameters in all tissues studied. Findings of the present study suggest that alendronate is a local irritant that causes inflammation through neutrophil infiltration and oxidative damage in tissues, and that montelukast is protective against this damage by its anti-inflammatory effect.

Acetates↗
PubMed1984

The use of radiotelemetry techniques for the in vivo assessment of antacids.

The use of the pH radio pill for the assessment of antacid effect has been evaluated. The correlation between the pH pill and a conventional pH electrode system was high (r2 = 0.997). The records of in vivo pH against time allow unique measurements of antacid efficacy (defined as the integrated area under the pH against time curve) and duration of action to be obtained. Using a free pill, antacid assessments were performed in 13 subjects in the left lateral position. The effects of repeated antacid administrations were studied in five subjects using a pH pill which was prevented from leaving the stomach by tethering it to the teeth. These longer studies were performed in the sitting position. The efficacy (p less than 0.02) and duration of action (p less than 0.02) of sodium citrate 0.3 M were less in those subjects in whom the pill was tethered. The differences between the results of the studies using either a free or a tethered pill can be attributed to posture. The overall duration of action of sodium citrate 15 ml was short, the mean (SEM) value being 42.4 (4.5) minutes in the left lateral position and 21.2 (4.0) minutes in the upright position.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of intravenous administrations of a plasma substitute solution made from whey on gastric secretory function].

Intravenous injection of the blood-substituting solution from milk serum has exerted a stimulating effect on the stomach secretion in experiments on dogs with stomach fistula. Secretion of acid, a decrease in pH of the juice, an increase in secretion of protein and intensification of the digestive ability of the juice were observed during infusion of the preparation and in the nearest period after it. Infusion of the milk serum preparation with succinate was not followed by activation of the stomach secretion.

Animals↗