PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “HEART DISEASES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[ABO blood-group phenotypes and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Congenital, rheumatic and coronaric heart disease and arterial hypertension (author's transl)].

Many cases of cardiovascular diseases have been examined in reference to the distribution of ABO blood-groups, in order to calculate the relative risk of disease and the hemogroupal distributive significance in our samples as related to those of other authors, using combined calculation. The analysis concerned the following cases: 746 with arterial hypertension, 3258 with congenital heart disease, 4503 with articular rheumatism, 1047 with acquired valvulopathia, and respective controls. It was found that blood-group phenotypes represent an important biophysiopathological action in regard to articular rheumatism and its cardiac consequences, in myocardial infarction and in hypertension, males only. On the contrary, no action in regard to congenital heart disease was found, with the exception of some single anomalies which have yet to be confirmed. This hemogroupal action greatly exceeds the one limited to the immunitary analogy and is a noticeable part of family heredity. It shows itself in: -- a significant negative association with group O and positive association with group A in the myocardial infarction; -- a significant negative association with group O and positive for the others in the valvulopathic (rheumatic) diseases; -- a positive association with A phenotype and negative with B in arterial hypertension, males only; -- no association with ABO blood-groups and congenital heart disease.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2003

Academic outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with intellectual, developmental, and academic late effects related to the diagnosis itself and treatment. This literature review examines what is currently understood about these intellectual and academic deficits. It appears that children with CHD, and particularly those with cyanotic CHD, are at risk for significant impairments in visual spatial skills, visual motor skills, and overall processing speed. Early neurocognitive interventions, especially with younger children, may prove beneficial for remediating some of these deficits.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Preoperative prediction of significant coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease.

A prognostic index for predicting significant coronary artery disease was established using multiple logistic regression analysis of clinical data from 643 patients with valvular heart disease who had undergone routine coronary arteriography before valve replacement. The index or equation obtained incorporated the presence of angina, a family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, cigarette smoking habits, mitral valve disease, sex, and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction. The equation was validated using prospective data from 387 patients with valvular disease and shown to enable almost a third of routine coronary arteriograms to be omitted while maintaining 95% sensitivity for patients with coronary artery disease. Similar analysis of the more detailed prospective data produced a second discriminant function incorporating diastolic blood pressure, total cigarettes smoked in life, the severity of angina, family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, current cigarette smoking habits, and the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This method improved the discrimination between patients with and without coronary artery disease, allowing omission of 30% of routine coronary arteriograms with 100% sensitivity for patients with coronary disease and omission of 41% with a 96% sensitivity level.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2005

The significance of various blood pressure indices for long-term stroke, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in men: the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies of blood pressure (BP) indices as disease predictors have offered conflicting conclusions. We compare pulse pressure (PP), systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as risk markers for long-term mortality with emphasis on stroke. METHODS: Male civil servants (40 to 65 years of age; n=9611) were examined in 1963 and followed up until 1986. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between BP indices and subsequent mortality. Stroke mortality was analyzed separately for initially normotensive (SBP< or =140 and DBP< or =90 mm Hg), hypertensive (SBP>140 and DBP>90 mm Hg), and men with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH; SBP>140 and DBP< or =90 mm Hg). RESULTS: During follow-up, 3167 men died, including 932 of coronary heart disease and 339 of stroke. All 4 BP indices were predictive of fatal stroke among hypertensive and normotensive men (hazard ratios [HRs] fluctuated between 1.59 and 2.51). In models with 2 BP indices among normotensive men, SBP but not DBP remained a predictor of stroke mortality. MAP and PP were independent predictors of stroke mortality. Among hypertensive men, SBP and DBP were independent predictors of stroke mortality (HRs, 1.68 and 1.51, respectively). MAP but not PP remained a predictor of stroke mortality. In men with ISH, the 4 BP indices predicted fatal stroke, with HRs fluctuating between 1.24 and 2.04. CONCLUSIONS: All 4 BP indices were predictors of stroke mortality among hypertensive and normotensive men, with DBP possibly the weaker predictor among the latter. Models with 2 BP indices yielded complex associations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Surgical treatment ot congenital heart disease].

Congenital heart disease is a heterogeneous group of intra- and extra-cardiac abnormalities of very variable prognosis, which have been classified according to their structural and functional consequences. The functional abnormalities are mainly centered on variations of pulmonary arterial flow that can generally be managed by simple palliative procedures. The extra-cardiac abnormalities affect preferentially the aorta. They may be embryonic vascular remnants responsible for tracheo-bronchial compression or obstructive lesions which are amenable to different types of vascular reconstruction procedures. These anomalies may be isolated or form part of a more complex malformative syndrome. Complete repair may be possible using techniques adapted to the main structural abnormalities of the cardiac architecture: reconstruction of the atrial or ventricular septa, restoration of the ventricular outflow tracts and redirection of blood flow within the atria. Among the therapeutic motivations developed for complete repair over the last decade, reconstruction of the pulmonary arteries by unifocalisation and Ross' procedure for left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities deserve special mention; in addition, a major therapeutic principle has been established for repair of ventriculoatrial malposition and discordance: the re-connection of the aorta with the left ventricle.

Aorta↗
PubMed1998

Counselling strategies for parents of infants with congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Its diagnosis may lead to a crisis in the affected families; there are the perceived implications of having an abnormality of so vital an organ. To that may be added the assumed guilt or blame, grief and at times anger, frequently experienced by parents of abnormal infants. It often befalls the paediatric cardiologist to initiate counselling while providing the expert information concerning the abnormality and its optimum management. Such counselling differs from that needed for minor lesions as compared for more complex abnormalities where a fatal outcome may ensure. While it is important to provide an accurate diagnosis and management plan to the parents, early detailed information is often confusing and may not be assimilated at a time of great stress. The parents seem more concerned as to whether the infant will survive, what the long term outlook will be, whether he or she will attend school, play, work and so on. With the more severe cardiac abnormalities, especially where there is a family history, one need be aware of the often perceived guilt of the parents. At times, it may be necessary to help the parents retain sufficient 'self-control', delaying the grieving process to enable them to contribute to the decision making. Where the infant has died, a follow-up appointment can facilitate grieving and help deal with unresolved issues. Through skilled counselling, the cardiologist in addition to his/her diagnostic and management skills, may meaningfully influence the ongoing care of the infant. They may help avoid the development of unrealistic fears or an over-optimistic outlook, thereby fostering the normal development of the child.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of Ava II and Hinc II polymorphisms at the LDL receptor gene on serum lipid levels of Brazilian individuals with high risk for coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has presented high prevalence in the Brazilian population. Nevertheless, studies of genetic risk factors for CHD in our country are insufficiently carried out. We have investigated the effects of Ava II (exon 13) and Hinc II (exon 12) polymorphisms at the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene on circulating lipids of 170 white unrelated individuals presenting a lipid profile with high risk for CHD (HRG) and 130 controls (CG) from São Paulo City, Brazil. Ava II and Hinc II polymorphic regions at the LDLR gene were amplified by PCR and analyzed by enzymatic isotyping. The frequency of the genotypes A+A+ (Ava II) and H+H+ (Hinc II) was greater in HRG group compared to that of the controls (32 vs. 16% and 32 vs. 18%, respectively). Moreover, in the HRG group, A+A+ and H+H+ genotypes were associated with high concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-C in serum (P = 0.0001). Our results indicate that Ava II and Hinc II polymorphisms at the LDLR locus contribute to the variability of total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in HRG individuals. These data suggest that the LDLR polymorphism remains a useful genetic marker for predicting CHD risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Genetic markers for coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex disease that is affected by environmental as well as genetic factors. Research is ongoing that probes the relationship of human genetic variation to disease, potentially leading to better diagnosis and therapy. Variation in factors such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein E, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I/CIII/A-IV, lipoprotein lipase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lipoprotein (a), and homocysteine may affect CHD risk via genetic or environmental mechanisms or their interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Imaging methods in diagnosis of coronary heart disease].

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Coronary angiography makes it possible to visualize coronary artery stenosis and can be used for angioplasty and stent implantation; however, it does not allow the assessment of changes in myocardial microcirculation. The severity of an angiographically evaluated coronary stenosis does not always correspond to the extent of myocardial ischemia. Noninvasive techniques are needed to re-examine our reliance on coronary angiography and to explore the clinical value of the physiological assessment of coronary artery stenoses. Such noninvasive techniques might become important tools in the future following an overall evaluation of coronary morphology, myocardial function and perfusion ascertained by all available methods.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed2002

History of coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease, in the mid-twentieth century has become the most frequently occurring lethal disease. Coronary vessels, that is, coronary arteries tend to develop atherosclerotic plaques already at an early stage. The onset and course of this development has often been a mute one, without pain, rendering thereby the recognition of coronary artery disease difficult--far into the twentieth century. The many experiments and investigations performed during the "Renaissance" brought no results. An exact description and depiction of damaged coronary vessels as primary cause of occluded coronary arteries became possible towards the beginning of the twentieth century only.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2003

A twin study of C-Reactive Protein compared to other risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) tends to cluster in families, and several established risk factors for the disease are to some extent inherited. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and CHD. A low-grade inflammation may be detected by highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein (CRP) determination, which is strongly associated to CHD. In order to uncover any role of genetics in low-grade inflammation, we measured CRP in healthy monozygotic twins. The within-pair correlation coefficient of CRP was 0.40, suggesting an important genetic contribution to the control of CRP level. CRP correlated significantly to other CHD risk factors like body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, plasma fibrinogen, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma homocysteine, and serum triglycerides. Of these variables, BMI was most significantly associated to CRP in a linear multiple regression analysis. We conclude that CRP level (reflecting a low-grade inflammation) exhibits a moderate, but significant degree of heritability. The association between CRP and BMI, which has a larger degree of heritability, could partly explain the heritability of serum CRP level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factor modification through nonpharmacological interventions in patients with coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still the main cause of death in developed countries. Because of improved treatment, many patients survive the acute phase of a myocardial infarction, which makes secondary prevention of CHD of major importance. Most risk factors responsible for the development and progression of CHD are associated with behavior. Therefore, interventions aimed at behavior change may contribute to risk factor modification and secondary prevention of CHD. The effects of separate risk factor modification efforts by means of randomized, controlled clinical trials of nonpharmacological interventions in patients suffering from CHD are reviewed. Interventions aimed at healthy lifestyles may stimulate smoking cessation rates, reduce elevated serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations, and favorably modify type A behavior in CHD patients. Moreover, reduction of coronary atherosclerosis has been reported after intensive lifestyle and exercise interventions, whereas exercise and type A interventions may also lead to reduced CHD morbidity and mortality. As for hypertension and obesity, studies aimed at secondary prevention are lacking.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacological stress agents for evaluation of ischemic heart disease.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the developed countries for those older than 65 years of age. In patients suspected to have coronary artery disease a stress test should be performed to identify the vulnerability of the myocardium to ischemia. As a rule of thumb, the evaluation of coronary artery disease is best done by exercise stress test. In patients who are not able to exercise adequately, pharmacological stress agents are used. The commonly used agents are the coronary vasodilators, adenosine and dipyridamole and the catecholamines, dobutamine and arbutamine. These agents are combined with imaging techniques to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the test. These agents have been widely used and have an excellent safety profile. Another advantage in using pharmacological stress agents is that they do not affect the image quality, especially with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Ongoing developments hold promise for safer and more reliable pharmacological stress agents in the future.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2001

The genetics of coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in westernized countries, and the contribution of genetics to CHD has already been demonstrated by twin studies. In the context of pathophysiologically relevant regulatory systems, various groups of candidate genes are involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology, which emphasizes the need for so-called 'high-throughput techniques' for the detection of polymorphisms. In view of genetic variability, we need to define realistic and clear-cut genotype-phenotype relationships. This may be achieved by using in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the potential functionalities of identified polymorphisms and by creating appropriate tools to provide relevant phenotypes. The identification of relevant genes and genetic variants involved in the different pathophysiological steps leading to CHD may considerably improve our understanding of the mechanisms of the disease course. This may help to identify high-risk individuals and groups or subgroups in whom specific therapeutic interventions are indicated or necessary, leading to individually adapted clinical management.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Therapeutic options and cost considerations in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.

Ischemic heart disease is a serious health problem because it causes considerable mortality and morbidity. Given the limited resources for health care, it is important to establish the costs associated with the benefits of its various treatment options. We therefore assessed the costs and benefits of medical treatment versus revascularization in a hypothetical cohort of 100 patients. A spreadsheet model was constructed using published data. The main outputs of this model were health-service costs per year and quality-adjusted survival estimates. In the United Kingdom, costs for treatments of less than 5,000 Pounds/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) are perceived as highly cost effective, whereas those over 10,000 Pounds/QALY are considered expensive. For patients with intractable symptoms, surgery is highly effective and has benefits on prognosis. In patients with well-controlled symptoms on medical therapy, the benefits of surgery are small and uncertain, and therefore medical therapy is the most cost-effective treatment. Overall, the preferred cost-effective option favored medical treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2003

[Genetics of coronary heart disease].

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is among the leading causes for invalidity and death in industrialized countries. A prominent role of genetic factors in the onset of this disease has been documented in twin and family studies, by the use of experimental animal models, and by unravelling the genetic basis of monogenic disorders closely associated with CHD. Notwithstanding this knowledge attempts have failed to significantly improve prediction, early diagnosis and treatment of the common disorder CHD. The following will discuss the reasons for this lack of success but argue for positive perspectives that are ahead of us.

Adult↗