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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Understanding protease inhibitor potency: the intersection of exposure, efficacy, and resistance.

Prescribing antiretrovirals has become increasingly complex, not only because of the expanding armamentarium but also because the tools available to measure different aspects of drug efficacy are complicated and interrelated. Potency cannot be viewed as a single unit of data, such as inhibitory concentration, and viral susceptibility to a drug cannot be viewed as a binary choice between "sensitive" and "resistant." Rather, both potency and resistance are continums, and attempts to quantify them in simple terms are often misleading. At the same time, potency and resistance must be considered pieces of a more complex puzzle that also involves drug exposure, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics. Appraising all of these factors simultaneously is difficult but necessary for the optimal care of people with HIV infection.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Populations and heredity: at an intersection].

A population can be defined using different criteria, for example criteria of a geographical or medical nature. Researchers, or even patients and journalists, have complementary or contradictory views of this notion. Heredity is not only a biological fact; it is also a social fact. A systematic study of the genealogical corpus of a group of patients makes it possible to evaluate the soundness of the phenotypic criterion used to define a subpopulation that shares a common pathological heredity.

Genetics↗
PubMed1994

[The nursing infant at the intersection of different bodies of knowledge].

The effects of baby children's feeding on their mortality is known. It is thus interesting to know the cultural context in which bottle-feeding was adopted. In the 1930s, many women in the Eastern Pyrenees abandoned breast-feeding on the advice of their doctor because, they said, they had bad milk that "poisoned" their baby. This idea, widely spread in France at the time, took place within a set of traditional images of maternal milk and its spoiling which referred to ancient and complex beliefs concerning feminine physiology and blood disorders. These ideas were shared by women as well as by doctors until a relatively recent date.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2001

The X chromosome and the female survival advantage: an example of the intersection between genetics, epidemiology and demography.

Despite differences in research traditions, the disciplines of genetics, epidemiology, and demography are becoming increasingly integrated in health-related research. The enormous development within genetic technology, with the possibility of genotyping thousands of variants from small samples of biological material obtained by non-invasive methods, now makes it feasible to include genetic information in epidemiologic and demographic studies. Simultaneously, new insight can be obtained from hybrids of methods and data from the three disciplines. This paper illustrates how a genetic observation combined with demographic insight and a modified genetic-epidemiologic design (a twin study) provides evidence that part of the sex difference in survival can be attributed to the fact that females have two X chromosomes and males have only one, a result that is of potential interest for genetics, epidemiology, and demography.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The intersection of socioeconomic variables, oral health, and systemic disease: all health care is cultural.

In the last decade, there has been an increase in the proportion of the American population that lacks health insurance. Additionally, long-term disparities in health access and status for populations of color have continued to exist without major change. A review of the literature in periodontia shows a statistical relationship between the risk of periodontal disease and a range of sociodemographic characteristics (race, income, social class). However, the factors giving rise to this increased risk or how to reduce it are unclear. Cultural competence, an elaboration of biopsychosocial theory, hypothesizes a relationship between the culture of a group and its risk of disease and the kind and quality of services obtained. Four areas of a culturally competent approach are cited as a minimum base of standards for providing services to people of color.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2002

Academic and health-related trajectories in adolescence: the intersection of gender and athletics.

This study takes a life course approach to adolescent academic and health-related behavior. Researchers have often studied academic achievement and substance use as unrelated, static, and de-contextualized phenomena. Applying latent growth curve modeling to a sample of 2,651 high school freshmen and sophomores in California and Wisconsin (1987-1990), this study treats achievement and substance use as dynamic trajectories, inter-related to each other, and influenced by proximate and structural contexts. In general, achievement is high at the start of high school and then declines. This downward trend is driven by male non-athletes. Substance use is initially low and then increases, with boys driving this increase. Finally, academic and health-related trajectories are most related among athletes, who experience long-term academic consequences from risky health-related behavior. Overall, gender-athletic status can serve as either protective or risk factor, depending on the behavior and the temporal perspective.

Adolescent↗