[Modifications of uroprotein excretion induced by labor].
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Female↗
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Results for “LABOR, INDUCED”
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[PERIDURAL ANESTHESIA FOR THE PREVENTION OF ECLAMPTIC SEIZURES AND AS TREATMENT OF ECLAMPTIC COMA].
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Anesthesia, Epidural↗
The problem labor patient.
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Cesarean Section↗
[Differential method of drug-induced painless labor in late pregnancy toxemia].
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Adult↗
[Study of oxytocin receptor activities in human myometrial preparation (author's transl)].
This study was designed to investigate the oxytocin (OT) receptor activities in the human myometrial specimen throughout the course of pregnancy and in labor. The 3H-labeled OT with adequate specific activity (24 Ci/mM) and biologic activity (350 IU/mg) was employed for the OT radioreceptor assay and the apparent dissociation constant (Kds) and the number of binding sites (NBS) were analyzed by Scatchard plot. These activities were predominantly found in 20,000 xg pellets of the myometrial specimens and its binding activities were 2.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein that were assessed to be composed of two binding fractions: High-affinity--low capacity receptor fraction and low affinity--high capacity fraction. The gestational increase of the binding affinity was significant and so was the increase of the capacity, and the Kd was 1.87 +/- 0.30 nM and the NBS was 1.50 +/- 0.50 pmol/mg protein in the full term specimens and both were significantly higher than those of the nonpregnant specimens (p less than 0.01). When active labor was initiated, a significant decrease of the binding capacity (0.74 +/- 0.21 pmol/mg protein) was found, regardless of the mode of onset of labor; i.e. spontaneous or induced labor, while the binding affinity remained unchanged. These findings suggest that the gestational increase of the uterine sensitivity to OT is due to the increase of both binding affinity and capacity of the OT receptors. And there are OT and OT receptor interaction actively involved during the active stage of labor and this interaction seems to be coupled with the contractile process but is apparently modified when active labor had been already initiated.
Adult↗
Hand behaviors of women during childbirth.
An exploratory study was conducted to determine what could be inferred from the hand behaviors of women during childbirth. The specific study questions were: What are the hand actions? What are the objects of the hand actions? What are the purposes of the hand actions? The influence of the uterine state, i.e., contraction or relaxation, on the hand behaviors was also explored. A preliminary study was conducted from which three components of hand behaviors were identified: the hand action, the object of the action, and the purpose of the action. Nine discrete hand actions were defined according to the inter-relationship of the posture, characteristic motion, and the mode of contact of the hand upon the object: grasping, pressing, rubbing, non-moving, gesticulating, holding, playing, palpating, and striking. The objects of the hand actions were grouped into three distinct groups including: the self, inanimate items, and other persons. Eleven purposes of the hand action were inductively defined from the preliminary study: attacking, augmenting, bracing, caretaking, comforting, containing, inactivating, informing, orienting, regulating, and requesting. A data collection instrument, in grid form, to accommodate the rapid recording of the nine types of hand action, the three objects of the actions, and the eleven purposes of the actions, was constructed. The study was conducted in the labor and delivery unit of an urban university-related teaching and research hospital. The specific setting for the study included two sites: the single bed labor room, the primary site; and the delivery room, the secondary site. Thirty women, 10 primigravida and 20 multigravida, ranging from 17 to 34 years of age were the subjects of the study. Of the 30 subjects, 23 experienced a normal onset of labor and 7 had labor induced. The duration of labor ranged from 1 1/2 to 16 1/2 hours with the mean duration 8 3/4 hours. Direct observation was the method for data collection. Observations were conducted once every half hour throughout the subjects' labor experience. During each observation session, the hand behaviors were recorded during one uterine contraction and during 60 seconds of uterine relaxation. The data were tabulated by frequency and by percentage in relation to the hand action, the object of the hand action, the purpose of the hand action, and the uterine state. Findings related to the hand actions demonstrated a predominance of grasping (28%; 765/2,724) and pressing (25%; 670/2,724) actions. Rubbing actions (16%; 421/2,724) and non-moving actions (11%; 313/2,724) were the next most frequently observed actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Bacteremia induced by labor. Is prophylaxis for infective endocarditis necessary?].
PURPOSE: To characterize the occurrence of bacteremia during delivery and to verify the necessity of prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. METHODS: The authors collected hemoculture of 100 women, 15,30 and 45 minutes after delivery. The data were collected from May 1992 until May 1993. The positive hemocultures were followed by antibiogram. RESULTS: Seven hemocultures were positive: six for Staphylococcus, one for Candida sp, Penicilium sp, Clandosporum sp and Aspergillus sp that were found in association. Four patients had prematures amniorrhexis, longer than 6 hours before delivery (p < 0.05). Six patients had labor longer than 6 hours after admission (p < 0.05). The authors did not observe differences related to vaginal delivery with or without forceps or cesarean section. The samples were all sensible to cefalotin at the antibiogram. CONCLUSION: Labor and delivery is a high risk procedure for bacteremia and so for ineffective endocarditis in susceptible patients. The statistical analysis recognize as risk factors labor longer than 6 hours inside the hospital and premature amniorrhexis. We propose the use of intravenous cefalotin 1g 60 minutes before expulsion and repeated 6 and 12 hours later.
Adolescent↗
Single shot prostaglandin gel for labor induction.
A viscous suspension of prostaglandin E2 was introduced endocervically to induce labor in patients with favourable induction features. The method was found to be effective and compared favourably with the conventional practices of amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin infusion or oral prostaglandin therapy. Several advantages were found including a high degree of patient acceptability.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Cervical ripening and labor induction after previous cesarean delivery.
The preponderance of published data derived from TOL/VBAC patients indicate that (1) if there is no contraindication to spontaneous cervical ripening, there is no contraindication to use of prostaglandin gel or tents to ripen the cervix; and (2) if there is no contraindication to the spontaneous onset of labor, there is no contraindication to use of oxytocin or amniotomy to induce labor. Both conclusions are based on the assumption that treatment and care is provided in a safe, modern obstetric service with staff and resources compatible with national standards.
Contraindications↗
[Induced and spontaneous labor: its duration and hourly frequency].
A retrospective randomized paired study was performed of 200 electively induced labor by means of artificial rupture of membranes and oxytocin infusion and 200 spontaneous labor. It was found that labor length was significantly shorter (p < 0.5) in the study group tan the control group (2.02 +/- 3 h and 6.2 +/- 3 h respectively). Delivery was accomplished in the majority of the induced group (50.2%) between 12:00 and 17:59 h (p < 0.001), while in the control group it occurred randomly during the 24 hours (p > 0.05).
Adult↗
Computer analysis of fetal heart rate during induction of labor with oxytocin.
We observed the influence of commonly used oxytocin infusion for inducing labor on the fetal heart rate (FHR). The FHR was analyzed on-line by Sonicaid Computer System 8000. There were no statistical changes in all analyzed parameters during infusion of oxytocin. Our study shows that the standard dosage of oxytocin used for induction of labor has no negative influence on the FHR.
Computers↗
Indications for induction of labor.
Despite all the new technology, the research being conducted, and progress in the field of obstetrics, much controversy remains concerning the management of the high-risk patient and when--or whether--to induce labor. One factor complicating the discussion is that health centers vary in the services they offer. Many are small, lacking a high-risk labor and delivery unit, a fetal assessment unit, and a neonatal intensive care unit, and may be far from larger centers. Early diagnosis of a complicated pregnancy not only means early treatment by the admitting hospital, but, if necessary, crucial time to transfer the patient to appropriate facilities. All the following play a major role in obstetrical care nursing: participating in the diagnosis that indicates the need for induction, implementing and following through with the various methods of induction, and at the same time, providing emotional support to patients. Early prenatal counseling and education, ongoing alertness to variations in maternal/fetal conditions, accurate interpretation and recording of data, and open patient/nurse/physician communication are all important factors in a successful birth, with healthy mother and infant.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Prostaglandins: an alternative concept for induction of labor.
Vaginal suppositories of prostaglandin E2 constitute a highly efficient and acceptable method for inducing labor in patients with both favorable and unfavorable cervices. Both the failure of induction and consequent cesarean section rates can be dramatically reduced.
Cervix Uteri↗
Breast electrostimulation for the induction of labor.
The use of breast stimulation to promote cervical ripening and initiate labor has been studied frequently. However, the various mechanical methods that have been suggested cannot be adequately controlled by the physician. We studied breast electrostimulation as a controllable method of initiating labor in 21 women. This technique successfully induced labor in 15 women, including all nine with premature rupture of membranes. The six (of 12) women without premature rupture of membranes who failed to go into labor each had a Bishop score of 4 or less. All of the successfully induced women delivered vaginally. The time interval from the start of stimulation to birth ranged from 2-13.5 hours, and all infants were born in good condition. Uterine hyperactivity occurred in five cases, but was controlled easily by adjusting the electrical variables of the stimulation. Further work will be needed to establish clearly the indications and safety of breast electrostimulation for induction of labor.
Breast↗
Comparison of prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin for induction of labor.
One hundred nulliparas at term were randomly given oxytocin intravenously or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel (0.5 mg PGE2) intracervically in order to study the effect on cervical ripening and the frequency of successful inductions. In the presence of a favorable cervix both methods seemed equally efficacious in inducing labor. However, when the cervix was unfavorable, 53% of the patients could be delivered with PGE2 gel, compared with 31% when oxytocin was given. In patients with a highly unfavorable cervix this difference was significant (P less than 0.02). In patients not induced into labor, PGE2 gel caused a considerable ripening of the cervix, with a change in Bishop score from 2.9 to 6.3. In patients undelivered after oxytocin stimulation, no change in Bishop score occurred. This effect of locally applied PGE2 gel on cervical ripening was highly significant (P less than 0.001). No adverse maternal or perinatal effects were observed, irrespective of the mode of treatment.
Administration, Topical↗
Prolonged pregnancy: surveillance of the fetus and the neonate and the course of labor and delivery.
The perinatal events in 184 term control pregnancies and 129 prolonged pregnancies were prospectively compared. Fetal surveillance consisted of weekly biophysical profile testing. Thirty-two infants were dysmature, and 10 of these had advanced dysmaturity. The incidence of advanced dysmaturity rose quickly after 44 weeks. This group was at greater risk for fetal distress, lower Apgar scores, and emergency cesarean section. The combination of oligohydramnios, a suboptimal nonstress test, and a low profile score was highly predictive of a neonate with advanced dysmaturity. In the control pregnancies, the rate of induction of labor was 13.81% compared with 39.84% in the prolonged pregnancies. The induced labor group had a 51.32% cesarean section rate. Our approach to prolonged pregnancy consists of elective induction of labor when the cervix is favorable and biweekly profile testing when it is not; however, the high incidence of advanced dysmaturity after 44 weeks warrants delivery.
Apgar Score↗
[Induction of labor using endocervical administration of dinoprost in post-term pregnancy].
The authors analyzed results of 295 labors induced with endocervical application of dinoprostin (152 term- and 143 postterm labors) in relation to 242 (125 term- and 117 postterm-) spontaneous labors. Delayed labor increases the occurrence of meconial amniotic fluid (21.96%:9.03% p < 0.01), and pathological and prepathological CTG records (23.85%: 11.97% p < 0.005). In addition, children show lower Apgar score (p < 0.001), and among them there are more hypertrophic (6.54%:2.53% p < 0.05), postterm (6.92%:0.0% p < 0.005), and dysmature children (11.92%:3.12% p < 0.01) when compared to children born between the days 274 and 287 of the gestational age. Perinatal morbidity of children born after 287 gestational days in rather high-32.31%. Induction of labor with endocervical application of prostine shortens the duration of the labor (p < 0.001). Large numbers of labors are finished with vacuum extraction-3.73% (3.29% of term- and 4.19% of postterm labors) and cesarear section-12.88% (10.53% of term- and 15.38% of postterm labors) usually due to dystocia of the uterus and hypoxion of the neonate. Labor trauma is the most usual trauma among perinatal problems of new born infants delivered by the induction with prostaglandins and high perinatal morbidity rate is due not only to the induction method but also to the incorrect assessment of the gestational age.
Adolescent↗
[Current practice and results of labor induction].
INTRODUCTION: The role of labor induction has been gradually increasing in the last decade all over Europe due to the early detection of fetal jeopardy, improvement of neonatal therapy and availability of cervical ripening agents. Success rate of vaginal delivery depends on maternal, fetal condition and cervical status. PATIENTS: Authors report the outcome of 795 labor inductions during the period from 1996 to 2000 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Debrecen, Hungary. Preinduction cervical ripening and induction method was based on Bishop score and clinical situation. RESULTS: The rate of induced labor was 5.97% out of 13312 consecutive deliveries. The outcome of induction is discussed in details. The caesarean section rate after induction of vaginal delivery was 25% in this high risk group, and 33.3% among the total number of inductions. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of prostaglandins for cervical ripening among high risk pregnant women facilitates the decision of labor induction and provides a favourable rate of vaginal deliveries.
Adult↗