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PubMed2002

[Burnout, health and health behavior in teachers employed in correction institutions].

Psychosocial factors present in the workplace of people performing helping professions may cause burnout. Many studies have shown that burnout variables are related to demographic variables, as well as to health and health behavior measured in different ways. In this study the focus was put on the burnout in teachers employed in correctional institutions. Contrary to the results of many studies, burnout has not been related to gender or duration of employment. There were positive correlations between emotional exhaustion, frequency (r = 0.29) and intensity (r = 0.19) of somatic complaints. Negative health behaviors and psychosomatic diseases diagnosed by physicians were not related to burnout variables. The results imply that there is a need to incorporate new variables (e.g. personality and temperament) into the research on burnout.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of psychological trauma caused by war on manifestations of psoriasis].

Psoriasis has well known characteristics of psychosomatic disease. The goals of this paper were to confirm next facts: 1. Whether has war psychotrauma had influences on number of new cases of psoriasis, and 2. The influence war psychotrauma as provoking factor on new patients suffering from psoriasis. The analysis was done on Dermatologic clinic in Sarajevo and was included only new cases of psoriasis from the 1st January 1992 to the 31th December 1995. This examination was done by inquiry. The inquiry was included two separate group of questions. One group was included so called peace time stress situations, for example: natural death some member of family, own disease or serious disease some member of family, problems with education of children, divorce, marriage and similar questions without direct connection and influence of war situation. The other group of questions were entirely connected with aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, and war condition, for example: killing or wounding some member of family or close to person, wounding inquiring person, separation from wife and/or children, and/or close to person; and many other situation which were consequences of aggression, like loosing of property or soldiering in army. Female had had the same answers on group of so called peacctime psychotrauma and war psachotrauma. However, male were shown the bigger sensibility on war psychotrauma. Namely, 68.7% of male were insisted on war psychotrauma as trigger moment on appear of psoriasis. Such investigations for studding impact of war psychotrauma as provoking factor of psoriasis in available literature, we haven't discovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Laparoscopic appendectomy: a new opportunity for curing appendicopathy.

It is strongly disputed whether the appendix is indeed the cause of chronic abdominal complaints, even when the pain is situated in the right lower quadrant. In 1976 the introduction of a new operative technique, the laparoscopic appendectomy, offered new insight by making it possible to remove an appendix that is not acutely inflamed through a second insertion in the right lower quadrant by using the open stump method. Between 1976 and 1989, this operation was performed on 1,214 patients in a regional population of about 75,000 people and was successfully performed in 85%. Two subgroups totaling 215 patients showed a success rate of greater than 80% with no major complications; after one year, the patients' scars were almost invisible. This high success rate of a somatic therapy for a so-called psychosomatic disease can be explained by the following possible pathological changes in the appendix: corpora aliena, parasites, kinking, adhesions, obliterations, viral follicular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and neural changes. Most of these conditions are postinfectious. The greater ability of female patients to handle infection results in differences between the two sexes in frequency, development, and behavior of the disease. Laparoscopy alone can reveal a herd of pathologic conditions in patients with pain of unknown origin. With the aid of the laparoscope, appendectomy can be added safely and more patients relieved from chronic abdominal complaints than previously thought possible.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosomatic aspects of extra-articular rheumatism].

The author discusses the psychosomatic aspects of certain extra-articular rheumatic pains. He distinguishes between cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and brachial psychosomatic pain on the basis of an understanding of the phenomena. Neurophysiological and anatomo-pathological correlations are discussed. On the basis of this knowledge of psychosomatic disease therapeutic ideas are put forward that are important both for the generalist and for the rheumatologist.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Noise, sleep and behavior].

The negative effects of noise on sleep and behaviour have been related to three mechanisms: a physiological arousal (above a certain threshold of noise), an aversive reaction and an interference with non auditive neurophysiological and mental processes. The perturbation of verbal communication and the effects of sleep are the directly observable consequences. The negative effects of noise above a certain threshold on sleep have been demonstrated both in experimental conditions and in real life. They concern length, EEG pattern, and subjective quality and produce an increase of irritability and tiredness. There is no habituation. In all populations studied, strong discomfort is expressed by 50% of the subjects living in an area with an Ldn of 75 dB in the case of air traffic noise, the same results being obtained with ground traffic for a 5-15 dB higher level. Objective expressions of discomfort: use of aural protections, closing the windows, staying indoor, changing residence, increase linearly with the intensity of noise. Noise influences the incidence of stress-related disorders: hypertension, related cardio-vascular diseases, psychosomatic and psychological disorders. It has been shown by the use of different techniques (epidemiological studies based on the frequency of medical contacts, on the diagnoses made by general practitioners, on the use of specific drugs, and on the examination of the whole population) that the prevalence increases in relation with the level of noise in the vicinity of airports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Behavior↗
PubMed2004

The effect of examination stress conditions on the cortisol content of saliva - a study of students from clinical semesters.

PURPOSE: Psychological stress factors can lead to changes in the immune system, the nervous system, and to psychosomatic diseases, besides releasing typical stress metabolites. This study on hand was to record the reliability of stress self assessment of students in various stress periods, and to be compared with the cortisol value of the saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 healthy students (18 women and 20 men), with an average age of 26.9 participated. The saliva of the participants was always tested between 9 AM and 10 AM, and always in various stress periods - during a typical semester internship, and immediately following the oral final examination. This was followed by a questionnaire concerning daily life styles (nutrition, part-time employment, sleeping pattern). The evaluation of the respective cortisol concentration of the total saliva resulted in a statistically high significant difference of values, relevant to stress levels (p = 0.0001). RESULTS: An average value for cortisol of 0.085 microg/dl total saliva was measured in the non-stress period, and in the stress period of 0.315 microg/dl total saliva. The comparison of the questionnaire evaluation to life styles did not show anything significant, the comparison to the cortisol concentration of the saliva showed significant deviations from the individual stress assessments by the participants. CONCLUSION: The results cover a significant correlation of particular stress factors to changes in cortisol values. It is important for dental therapy to use stress reducing measures, or reduce them as much as possible in order to avoid factors that pre-operatively can affect the patient in a stressful way.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sexual abuse in childhood and youth as psychopathologically relevant life occurrence: cross-sectional survey.

AIM: To assess the perpetrators of sexual abuse in childhood, forms of simultaneous abuse, and characteristics of the families of origin, and the possible effects of abuse on health in adult life. METHODS: A cross sectional study conducted between 1998 and 2002 included a random group of 936 inpatients (723 women) aged (mean+/-standard deviation) 41.0+/-2.5 years at the psychosomatic clinic in Simbach, Germany. The following questionnaires, previously validated in German, were used to assess the patients: Questionnaire for Life Story and Partnership, Scale for Survey of Quality of Life, Existential Orientation Scale, Leipzig Incidence and Psychological Stress Questionnaire, Questionnaire for Assessment of One's Own Body, Survey of Life Satisfaction, Frankfurt Physical Concept Scale, Giessen Complaint Survey, and the Survey for Collection of Health Behavior Data. We compared the inpatients who had been sexually abused in their childhood (n=250) with other psychiatric inpatients in the control group (n=486). RESULTS: Out of 250 sexually abused patients, 25.7% were victimized by fathers/stepfathers, 4% by mothers/stepmothers, 12.4% by aunts or uncles, 10% by brothers or sisters, 7.6% by grandmothers/grandfathers, 30.1% by family acquaintances, and 29.3% by strangers. Unlike the parents of patients in the control group, the parents of sexually abused patients had more conflicts, especially over alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and extramarital affairs (p<0.001), they divorced more frequently during the first seven years of the patient's life (p<0.001), and had more underlying emotional (p<0.001) and physical illnesses (p=0.006). Significantly more sexually abused patients reported having poor concentration (odds ratio [OR]=5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.98-9.70; p<0.001) and sexual handicaps (OR=5.16; 95% CI=1.81-11.39; p<0.001), tended to hide their body (OR=3.65; 95% CI=1.69-7.30; p<0.001), abused illicit drugs (OR=2.38; 95% CI=1.08-6.01; p<0.001), had borderline personality disorder (OR=4.21; 95% CI=2.44-8.40; p<0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR=2.87; 95% CI=1.71-5.96; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The patients who were sexually abused in childhood had significantly less satisfactory lives and more frequent psychiatric illnesses, suicidal ideation, disturbed social functioning and perception of the body, and psychosomatic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Need for psychological correction in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper presents the results of examination using a standardized multifactorial personality study schedule in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, residents in the Samara Region, including 123 males and 55 females with first diagnosed tuberculosis, 152 males and 101 females with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Ninety-eight apparently healthy males and 142 females of the same age were examined as a control group. The type of a response in the psychotraumatic situation and psychological traits were identified. The leading type of a response (66%) was hyposthenic (an inhibitory response to stress) in males with first identified tuberculosis. Conflict somatization was peculiar to other males, as in 46% of the females. The behavioral type of dysadaptation and asocial and antisocial responses occur in 38.9% of the males with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis and in 25% of the females. 22.2% of the males and 50% of the females show a somatic response, which leads to the transition to the psychophysiological level, to the occurrence of psychosomatic diseases. Irrespective of the duration of the disease, all the patients, both males and females, need psychological correction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Hunza - a healthy and a long living people].

The authors study from a medical point of view the health and the long life of the Hunza people in the Himalayas. They come to the conclusion that with Hunza any psychosomatic diseases are excluded because of the fact that they live in peace, they are not emotionally stressed and they are happy with life. There comes to the front the lack of urban harms, the healthy way of life, moderate use of fruits and vegetables and other factors motivating the health and long life of this people.

Happiness↗
PubMed2006

[Ecological momentary assessment: real-time capturing of natural settings].

Subjective symptoms are crucial in making the diagnosis of mood disorders and other psychosomatic diseases and in following their courses. To investigate symptoms in natural settings, Stone and Shiffman developed the concept of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in 1994. EMA is defined as "Monitoring or sampling strategies to assess phenomena at that moment they occur in natural settings, thus maximizing ecological validity while avoiding retrospective recall." Paper-and-pencil diaries are frequently used to perform EMA in medical fields. However, paper-and-pencil diaries are reported to have an intrinsic problem that subjects do not record their symptoms momentarily by completing the diaries after the-fact, which is called "faked compliance." Stone et al. developed an electronic diary (ED) to overcome the disadvantage of a paper-and-pencil diary. In addition, physiological function can also be measured and recorded for a long period in natural settings recently. In this article, we showed an example of EMA data in patients with major depressive disorder and discussed the possibility of "real-time assessment" and "on-site intervention" using an EMA technique.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The practice of intensive care medicine as a stress situation].

A study about the problem of stress in physician who work in intensive care units requires a previous reflection about the stress concept itself. Selye's conception undoubtedly signified a great progress for the comprehension of the processes of biological adaptation, but it seems it can not be easily applied to the psychological and social field. The decrease of psychosomatic diseases during the last world war is one of the many examples that make question the causal relationship between stress and disease. The concept of life event in anglo-saxon psychiatry is also discussed, as well as its attempt to measure the stressor character of these circumstances through a scale of points. The concept of "pathogenic situation" of German psychiatry is proposed in exchange. From this perspective, medicine in general and intensive medicine in particular can be seen as human activities constituting "pathogenic situations" for the ones who exercise them. The corresponding literature allows to establish that medicine generates more pathology in physicians than other professions, but intensive medicine does not seem to be more pathogenic than other specialties. The elements of the "medical act" which could be responsible for the stress or pathogenic situation are studied. Respecting intensive medicine, two are the characteristics which seem to contribute to make it "pathogenic" for those who exercise it: a mistaken vision of death as an "enemy" which has to be fought à outrance, and the "temporality of urgency", proper to an ICU, which makes that the doctor can not give himself time enough for listening to the patient and telling him the adequate word of consolation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Encephalopathy after brain injuries during birth in the light of a 25-year follow-up].

In the years 1916-1989 104 men (68% boys examined in the 60th) of the average age of 36 underwent catamnestic examinations. They were stated in 1960-62, according to clinical documentation of delivery to have the birth brain injury. The main aim of the work was to try to explain whether the particular disturbances of children and teenagers with M.B.D. are only passing episodes or they transfer into the psychic disturbances when patients grow up, and also to find out if there is any relation between them. The results of the examination after 25 years proved but the organic irreversible damage of the central nervous system in 71% of men and in 60% of cases the birth injury was the only factor and in the rest ones it was one of many reasons. The clinical manifestation of the diagnosed organic brain damage after the birth injury in the case of grown-ups were: wrong developed personality mainly in the emotional sphere, psychosomatic diseases with aggravated vegetative reactions, incorrect results of additional tests and also disability to functioning in society with social unfitness. In the light of the examinations it seems that birth brain injury is a very important risk factor for unfitness to modern civilization.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of the functional interrelationship between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in children with bronchial asthma in the remission period].

Bronchial asthma is considered to be a psychosomatic disease in the genesis of which the functional instability of the subcortical brain structures and the autonomic nervous system regulating the cardio-respiratory complex play the principal role. The structural interrelationship of the values of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in children with bronchial asthma in the period of remission was studied. Disorders were revealed in the intersystemic regulation of the functions in relatively normal functioning of each separate system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cricoarytenoid joint in chronic polyarthritis].

The cricoarytenoid joints are frequently asymptomatically involved in rheumatoid arthritis with a severe course. At least the symptoms recede into the background compared with the other complaints. Signs of obstructive laryngeal changes are often falsely interpreted. Dangerous respiratory tract obstructions may be initiated by bacterial infections of the larynx and mechanical laryngeal changes or by the acute exacerbation of the arthritis. The clinical diagnosis of CA-arthritis is supplemented by laryngoscopic, radiologic and computertomographic techniques. Simple clinical examination methods only are relevant for routine or screening tests. The differential diagnosis requires consideration of neurogenic, traumatic, infectious or neoplastic and psychosomatic diseases. Corticosteroids and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are of doubtful value in treatment. Physical conservative methods are usually sufficiently effective for prophylaxis and control of symptoms. In an emergency tracheotomy can be life-saving. Arytenoidectomy or mobilisation and lateral fixation of the vocal chord are considered definitive treatment.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

[Dentist's understanding on dental anesthesiology--on the basis of a questionnaire on post-graduation study].

We set out a questionnaire for 400 participants of the seminar, to investigate the thoughts of dental practitioners and dentists on duty with regard to the post-graduation study and training in particular, to dental anesthesiology. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Almost all of the dental practitioners felt necessary to receive the post-graduation study and training to brush up their techniques. 2. The dental practitioners felt defective in actual techniques prepared by post-graduation trainings now under way, and they desired a particular training in an actual technique specific to an emergency therapy. 3. Seminars for re-education they desired to attend were those related to anesthesia in majority, followed by prosthetics, maintenance and periodontosis, orthodontics, and surgery, implantodontics, and pedodontics. 4. Major curriculums of anesthesiology they desired to receive were systemic management, resuscitation, how to apply the first-aid medicine, and treatment for shock states. The number of those participants who desired to receive these curriculums was help or above of all members, followed by those in dental psychosomatic disease, treatment for senile patients and acupuncture anesthesia. 5. It was unexpected that those who had been aware of the concept of authorized dental anesthesiologist were confined to 54% of the participants. This led us to consider that clinical dentist should be re-educated regarding the system for authorized anesthesiologist. 6. Major participants answered nothing with regard to the advocated curriculums we questioned, so that it was postulated that none felt unsatisfactory of the advocated curriculums at present.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1990

[The psychological analysis of neurotic and psychosomatic disturbances].

The present paper demonstrates that up to a definite moment both groups of the patients manifest approximately the same neurotic disorders. However, the differences in the motivation sphere, frustration tolerance, the mechanisms of psychological defence and the clinical characteristics play an important role in the development of neurosis or psychosomatic disease.

Adolescent↗