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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Can we always ignore ship-generated food waste?

Considerable quantities of food waste can be generated at a rapid rate in ships, particularly those with large numbers of people onboard. By virtue of the amounts involved and its nature, food waste is potentially the most difficult to manage component of a ship's garbage stream, however, in most sea areas it may be dealt with by the simple expedient of direct discharge to sea. As a consequence, only minimal attention is paid to food waste management by many ship and port operators and advisory bodies, and there is a paucity of information in the available literature. The determination that management of ships' food waste is inconsequential is, however, incorrect in many circumstances. Disposal to sea is not always possible due to restrictions imposed by MARPOL 73/78 and other marine pollution control instruments. Effective management of food waste can be critical for ships that operate in areas where disposal is restricted or totally prohibited.

Environment↗
PubMed2003

Application of electrochemical process for landfill leachate treatment with emphasis on heavy metal and organic removal.

This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of electrochemical treatment of a landfill leachate with emphasis on lead and organic removal. Laboratory electrochemical experiments were conducted using both synthetic wastewater and landfill leachate samples. From the synthetic wastewater experiments, the lead removal efficiencies were found to be more than 99%. The lead removal was observed to be dependent on: the electrical current, ratio between reacting surface area and volume of reactor and operation time, and following a first-order reaction. Similar results on lead removal were obtained when the landfill leachate samples were treated in the electrochemical reactor; the percent removal of soluble biological oxygen demand and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentrations from the landfill leachate during the electrochemical treatment were 30-60%, while the color removal was 70%. The sludge generated from the electrochemical reactions using the synthetic lead wastewater, analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, was found to be composed mainly of maghemite, magnetite, and laurionite. Based on the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis, the percent contents of iron and lead were 68.6% as maghemite and 10.1% as lead oxide, respectively. The sludge generated from the landfill leachate treatment containing lead, analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, was found to be composed mainly of maghemite. Based on the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis, the percent contents of iron and lead in the sludge were 69.49% as maghemite and 0.63% as lead oxide, respectively. The sludge volume index, capillary suction time and leachability values of the sludge were in suitable range for settling, dewatering and disposal.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed1991

Conventional and innovative land-based technologies for waste combustion.

This paper is an overview of various land-based technologies for safely treating waste materials. Covered are both the older, proven devices, such as conventional incinerators, as well as some of the new or novel technologies which thus far have found limited application. It is hoped that this paper can provide some degree of guidance to NASA in their search for appropriate systems for waste treatment, disposal, and/or recycling in space mission programs.

Hazardous Waste↗
PubMed1986

Sources of hazardous waste in hospitals.

Knowing which hospital wastes the Environmental Protection Agency considers hazardous and which are considered nonhazardous can mean big dollar savings in proper handling and disposal costs.

Materials Management, Hospital↗
PubMed1981

Health hazards associated with solid waste disposal.

The landfilling and disposal of domestic solid waste should be considered as great or greater a public health hazard as raw sewage. Solid waste is toxic and contains a greater variety of pathogenic microorganisms than does sewage sludge. Of all the procedures for solid waste disposal, landfills have and will continue to give rise to serious public health problems of land and water pollution. Although the general public is opposed to landfilling our inept health officials have offered small communities and cities no choice. Small communities do not have the technical knowledge or the funds to initiate alternative procedures. As the volume of solid waste increases each year the magnitude of the health hazards will eventually force public health agencies to implement correct disposal procedures ultimately resulting in recycling.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed2002

Hospital waste management and it's probable health effect: a lesson learned from Bangladesh.

A study was conducted to evaluate the current status of hospital waste management (HWM) in Bangladesh. The aim is to recognize the health effect of the existing practice, to determine the awareness level of doctors and nurses about hospital waste, to identify the weaknesses, and to provide suggestions for improvement. Hospital staff, waste pickers, and local residents were interviewed while in depth field observation, which included sample collection and laboratory analysis was also conducted. Through this investigation, it has been quite evident that a satisfactory hospital waste management system in government hospitals and several private clinics is severely lacking. At present, Bangladesh has no rigorous laws or regulation, which are enforced in this area. The waste is generally dumped together in a public place such as the hospital surroundings, the roadside or City Corporation dustbin. Many doctors and nurses are not fully aware about what constitutes as medical waste. Health care workers have only a basic understanding of health care and do not perceive handling or disposal of medial waste as a hazardous work. Laboratory analysis shows existing contamination of infectious agents in the environment. Some staff members interviewed were suffering from various kinds of infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis B/C, typhoid, skin disease/allergy, diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, and malaria. During field observation it was discovered that improved HWM systems have only recently been introduced in a small number of private hospitals and clinics, some of which could be used as references to formulate guidelines for reaching the optimal at the national level. The study indicates that there is a need to improve the handling and disposal methods of hospital waste in almost all the available medical facilities. There are a few NGOs that have started awareness building and training on waste management for selected hospital staff and NGO officials. Based on the analysis of the situation, several suggestions and recommendations have been made to aid in the development of a waste management system.

Bangladesh↗