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PubMed1996

Diagnostic and biological implications of mel-CAM expression in mesenchymal neoplasms.

Mel-CAM (previously MUC18) is an integral membrane glycoprotein involved in heterophilic intercellular adhesions. Mel-CAM is expressed specifically in certain normal mesenchymal tissues, including smooth muscle, endothelium, and Schwann cells. As a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Mel-CAM may play a pivotal role in the normal differentiation and functional activity of these tissues. To determine the distribution of Mel-CAM in mesenchymal neoplasms and to investigate its potential role as a factor in tumor progression, we evaluated a spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms by immunohistochemistry using a Mel-CAM-specific polyclonal antibody on formalin-fixed tissues. Mel-CAM positivity was observed in 5 (100%) of 5 leiomyomas, 29 (91%) of 32 leiomyosarcomas, 5 (100%) of 5 hemangiomas, 5 (100%) of 5 angiosarcomas, 3 (100%) of 3 Kaposi's sarcomas, 8 (100%) of 8 schwannomas, 10 (100%) of 10 neurofibromas, 0 (0%) of 8 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 2 (15%) of 13 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 0 (0%) of 8 fibrosarcomas, 0 (0%) of 7 synovial sarcomas, and 0 (0%) of 6 liposarcomas. These results show that Mel-CAM is expressed consistently in neoplasms of smooth muscle and vascular origin, and that immunostaining for Mel-CAM may serve as a useful adjunct in differentiating leiomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas, and Kaposi's sarcomas from other spindle cell neoplasms. Furthermore, the observation that Mel-CAM is expressed consistently in schwannomas and neurofibromas but not in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors implicates Mel-CAM as a potential modulator of malignant transformation in peripheral nerve tumors.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2002

Comparison and modulation of angiogenic responses by FGFs, VEGF and SCF in murine and human fibrosarcomas.

The effects of angiogenic growth factors on the growth, vascular architecture and the downstream cytokine signaling of sarcomas are unknown. These are of potential great importance since sarcoma, like endothelium, is of mesodermal origin and therefore could grow in response to these factors. Three human sarcomas (leiomyosarcoma SK-LMS-1, liposarcoma SW872 and fibrosarcoma SW684) and one murine fibrosarcoma (KHT) were grown in nude and C3H/He mice, respectively. Tumor structural vessels, perfused vessels and hypoxia were quantified immunohistochemically. Fast-growing murine KHT tumors had a markedly higher number of structural vessels compared with the human sarcomas. In both murine and human sarcomas, approximately half of the total structural vessels were perfused, and the numbers of perfused vessels decreased with increasing tumor volume. In vitro, basal mRNA expression of several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors differed between two of the human sarcoma cell lines, SK-LMS-1 and SW872. Compared with SK-LMS-1, untreated SW872 cells had higher levels of mRNA expression for FGF11, FGF14, angiopoietin, CD105 and VEGFR1. Two sarcoma cell lines were also treated with 10 ng/ml of six angiogenic growth factors (FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF10, VEGF and SCF) for 24 h, and mRNA expression of endogenous FGF family members (FGF1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF11, FGF13 and FGF14) were quantitatively measured using RNase protection at various times following treatments. Again, SW872 cells were more responsive to exogenous growth factor treatment compared with SK-LMS-1 cells in terms of the elevation of endogenous FGF mRNA expression. In the SW872 cells, all of the exogenous angiogenic growth factor treatments, except for VEGF, upregulated endogenous FGF1, FGF2 and FGF14 mRNA expression. The SK-LMS-1 cells, in contrast, only responded to exogenous FGF1, FGF7 and FGF10, but did not respond to VEGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cytogenetic analysis of a congenital fibrosarcoma.

Congenital (infantile) fibrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma occurring in children aged less than 5 years. We performed cytogenetic analysis on such a tumor, which had an abnormal karyotype: 48,XY, +11, +20. Three other reports of karyotypes in congenital fibrosarcoma describe similar cytogenetic changes, and a specific pattern of trisomies that may prove diagnostic for this tumor is beginning to emerge.

Fibrosarcoma↗
PubMed1991

Monoclonal antibody identification and characterization of two human sarcoma-associated antigens.

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, 29-13 (IgG1) and 29-2 (IgG2a), generated against malignant fibrous histiocytoma plasma membranes immunoprecipitated a Mr 200,000 protein (p200), with an isoelectric point between 6.3 and 7.5. Two additional antibodies, 35-16 (IgG1) and 30-40 (IgG2a), generated against Ewing's sarcoma membranes, immunoprecipitated an acidic protein of Mr 160,000 (p160), with an isoelectric point between 5.8 and 6.7. Monoclonal antibodies 29-13 and 29-2 recognize a similar determinant(s) on p200 while 35-16 and 30-40 recognize different determinants on p160. Monoclonal antibody 29-13 exhibited significant binding to membranes isolated from fibrosarcoma and aggressive fibromatosis; moderate binding to osteosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma; and minimal to no binding to other soft tissue sarcoma plasma membranes. The p200 protein was not expressed in 16 other malignant tumors and in only 3 of 35 normal human tissue specimens. High levels of p200 were selectively expressed by leiomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma cells as well as neonatal fibroblasts in vitro, but not by other carcinoma cell lines or B-lymphoblasts. The p160 protein appeared to be selectively expressed by Ewing's sarcoma with little or no expression on other sarcomas, carcinomas, or normal tissues. However, the p160 antigen was expressed in Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, melanoma, 4 of 9 carcinomas, and neonatal fibroblasts in vitro. The affinity of MoAbs 29-13, 29-2, 35-16, and 30-40 ranged from 5.3 x 10(8) to 4.7 x 10(9) M-1 for sarcoma membranes with approximately 5 x 10(4) binding sites/sarcoma cell.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence, growth and antigenicity of fibrosarcomas induced by Teflon disc in mice.

Subcutaneous sarcomas were induced in BALB/c, C3Hf/Dp, and C57BL/He female mice by implantation of a Teflon disc or by injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). The incidence of DMBA tumors was homogeneously high (60-86%) in the 3 strains, and the latency varied from 16 to 26 weeks from treatment. Teflon-induced tumors developed, in the BALB/c, C3Hf/Dp, C57BL/He mice, in 44, 94, and 30%, with a mean latency of 78, 61, and 82 weeks respectively. Evaluation of the growing capacity of 4 DMBA-induced and 14 Teflon-induced fibrosarcomas at the first and second transplant passage showed that Teflon tumors grew faster and needed a smaller cell dose to take than the DMBA tumors. Transplantation type antigens were detected only on the chemically induced tumors. Cross-reacting antigens were detected on 3 of the 5 Teflon-induced tumors by an in vitro assay for cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1978

Studies with the baboon endogenous virus and its pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus in marmosets.

Three marmoset species (Saguinus oedipus oedipus, S. fuscicollis, Callithrix jacchus) failed to show evidence of infection or disease following inoculation of baboon endogenous type-C virus (BaEV). Cells infected with a Kirsten murine sarcoma-BaEV pseudotype (MSV[BaEV]) produced a progressive fibrosarcoma in S. o. oedipus and tumors in S. fuscicollis and C. jacchus which regressed. Tumor formation is believed to be due to growth of inoculated, virus-infected cells and not transformation of marmoset cells. S. o. oedipus showed the best serum neutralizing antibody response to BaEV and MSV(BaEV), S. fuscicollis a moderate response and C. jacchus no response.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Paratesticular neoplasms of mesenchymatous origin. Clinico-pathologic study].

There is a group of malignant intrascrotal tumours which represent a very small number when compared to testicular neoplasias and which are known as paratesticular neoplasias. More than 90% belong to the sarcomatous species. From a clinical point of view and based on the patient's age, two groups can be distinguished: sarcomas affecting children and adolescents (primarily rabdomiosarcomas) and those occurring in adulthood, the more frequent histopathological variants being fibrosarcoma, leiomiosarcoma and liposarcoma. This work contributes five paratesticular sarcomas (two rabdomiosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one leiomiosarcoma and one fibrosarcoma). The features related to histogenesis, diagnosis (revealing signs and clinical examination), natural history (dissemination routes based on histopathology) and treatment are reported. With regard to treatment, both the local surgery (total orchiectomy by inguinoscrotal approach with or without hemiscrotectomy), and indications for lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy in relation to staging are discussed though insisting on the chemotherapy approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Experimental production of osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible in rabbits with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.

A single intramedullary administration of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) into the mandible in 32 rabbits induced 21 cases of osteogenic sarcoma (65.6%), 5 chondrosarcoma (15.6%), 2 fibrosarcomas, and 3 cementoblastomas. None of the tumors appeared until the 3rd month after the treatment. From the 4th to 6th month, early stages of osteogenic tumors were seen. In the late stadium, from 7th to 12th month, tumors showed prominent proliferation and invasion to the oral cavity and surrounding areas. Metastasis to the lung and liver was found in 2 cases of osteogenic sarcoma.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1990

Results of multidisciplinary limb salvage in 240 consecutive bone sarcomas.

From 1979 to 1989, 240 bone sarcomas of limbs were treated by a multidisciplinary limb salvage protocol. The tumors included 112 osteosarcomas, 71 chondrosarcomas, 3 fibrosarcomas, 10 malignant histiocytofibromas, 40 Ewing's sarcomas and 4 other rarer sarcomas. Patients mean age was 28.6 yr (range 4-91 yr). The average tumor size was 13.5 cm (3-43 cm). There were 2 grade IA, 21 IB, 1 IIA, 188 IIB, and 28 III B according to Enneking's classification. Extratumoral en bloc resection was performed in all cases (large in 113, marginal in 121, intrafocal in 6) by the same surgeon. In poor responders to preoperative chemotherapy with Ewing's sarcomas or osteosarcomas, 35 Grays postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Ewing's sarcomas and osteosarcomas received short preoperative and long postoperative chemotherapy. At last follow-up (median 60 months, range 6-120 months), 150 patients were disease-free; 4 were under treatment and had visible disease; 86 had died. Actuarial disease-free survival rate for patients seen with localized previously untreated disease was 83% at 2 yr and 77% at 3 yr. Fifteen local recurrences were observed (6%). Statistical analysis confirmed the poor prognosis factors of visible metastasis, proximal location and large tumor size, and pointed out the major prognostic value of therapeutic factors: the effectiveness of chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcomas, and the adequacy of surgery in all cases. Limb salvage can be performed by a well experienced multidisciplinary team in 96% of limb sarcomas without major risk of local recurrence. However, amputation is safer if the surgeon lacks experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrastructural study of fibrosarcoma].

Ultrastructure of 9 cases of fibrosarcoma was observed and compared with that of fibrous connective tissue of 4 human embryos and 9 cases of spindle cell sarcoma, including 3 each of leiomyosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Ultrastructurally, fibrosarcoma consisted of well-differentiated fibroblast-like cells, poorly differentiated fibroblast-like cells (embryonic fibroblast-like cells), myofibroblast-like cells and primitive mesenchymal cells. It is suggested that fibrosarcoma may arise from primitive mesenchymal cells which are capable of differentiating into fibroblast and myofibroblast. There were two special cases of fibrosarcoma in this series. One was a congenital fibrosarcoma with ultrastructure resembling adult and the other was a sarcoma of myofibroblast. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis between fibrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prenatal sonographic appearance of congenital fibrosarcoma.

Congenital fibrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. A 22-year-old woman in the 22nd week of her first pregnancy underwent sonographic examination, which revealed a soft tissue swelling of the fetus's left thigh. The pregnancy was terminated, and congenital fibrosarcoma was diagnosed by pathologic examination. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of the intrauterine sonographic observation of this tumor in a fetal extremity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sarcomas of the head and neck at Kenyatta National Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of occurrence of sarcomas afflicting the neck and craniofacial region. DESIGN: A retrospective study (1982-1991). SETTING: Cancer Registry, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. METHOD: Examination was performed of the cancer records in the registry over the period 1982 to 1991 inclusive. Histopathological types of the sarcomas were then analysed to indicate the numbers that occurred per year; and also the pattern of occurrence according to age groups, gender and site. RESULTS: Of the 10,897 whole body neoplasms, 985 were sarcomas. Among these sarcomas, 160 (16%) were located in the neck and craniofacial region. The histopathological types of the neoplasms included Kaposi's sarcoma (39%), osteosarcoma (23%), rhabdomyosarcoma (21%), fibrosarcoma (13%), chondrosarcoma (two per cent), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one per cent) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (one per cent). CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation, in concordance with those of other series worldwide, indicate that the various sarcomas afflicting the neck and craniofacial area are generally rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An explanation for the proportion of carcinomas and sarcomas seen in chemically induced murine submaxillary gland tumors.

Pellets of 1 mg 9,10-dimethyl-1,3-benzanthracene (DMBA) were implanted into the submaxillary glands of 53 male C57BL/6J mice, and groups of mice were autopsied weekly or biweekly thereafter. Histologic evidence of tumor was noticed first at 12 weeks. From 16 weeks onwards, the submaxillary glands of all mice autopsied contained either carcinoma (three animals) or sarcoma (ten animals); 8/9 attempts to transplant these tumors in C57BL/6J mice were successful. Of the resulting eight tumor lines, two carcinomas and two fibrosarcomas were transplanted for over 30 months. Within the first few transplant generations, all four tumors showed an increase in growth rate and in histologic evidence of anaplasticity. For the particular tumors selected for study, the two carcinomas differed from the two sarcomas by growing more slowly, requiring more cells for tumor takes, and possessing a higher immunogenicity. These results may explain the types of tumors generated in submaxillary gland carcinogenesis. Carcinomas appear first, since they develop from the epithelial cells into which the carcinogen is implanted. Later, when fibroblasts wall off the carcinogen, fibroblasts are at risk for neoplastic conversion. Because of the more aggressive nature of the resultant fibrosarcoma cells, sarcomas may overgrow some early carcinomas.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2006

An unusual case of secondary fibrosarcoma after treatment for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Post-irradiation breast sarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive tumor, associated with poor prognosis. However, the mean latent periods reported for postradiation sarcomas after treatment of breast cancer ranges from 5 to 10 years. CASE: We present a rare case of fibrosarcoma of the axilla, diagnosed 23 months after breast surgery and irradiation for medullary poorly differentiated carcinoma, treated with wide local excision with resection of the serratus anterior muscle until pleural wall. CONCLUSION: This case confirm a possible early appearance of sarcoma in the irradiation field after radiotherapy. Thus, when a nodule appears in the irradiation field even if within 2 years after radiotherapy, physician should be alert for a possible sarcoma and wide biopsy with histologic confirmation is auspicable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Failure of bleomycin to improve the therapeutic effects of a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) in advanced sarcomas.

Fifty-eight adults with unresectable metastatic sarcomas received monthly courses of bleomycin, cylcophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (BCAP) in combination. Following four courses of BCAP, alternating monthly courses of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin and vincristine, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine were begun. Treatment was continued until disease progression or the achievement of disease resectability, with elimination of doxorubicin after a total dose of 520 mg/m2 had been received. Ten patients electively stopped treatment prematurely. One other patient was removed from treatment because of significant pulmonary toxicity. Of the 58 patients 20 (34%) achieved partial regression of disease including 10 of 18 with leiomyosarcoma, 2 of 8 with malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 3 of 8 with osteosarcoma, 3 of 7 with fibrosarcoma, 1 of 2 with epithelioid sarcoma, and 1 of 1 with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Median time to disease progression was 174 days and median survival was 341 days. The percentage of patients achieving disease regression on this study was nearly the same as the percentage achieving disease regression on study of CAP in advanced sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Breast sarcoma. A clinicopathologic review of 25 cases.

Sarcoma of the breast represents less than 1% of primary mammary malignancies; this study reports 25 such cases. The largest group had malignant fibrous histiocytoma (44%), followed by liposarcoma (24%) and fibrosarcoma (16%). Also represented were clear cell sarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and alveolar soft part sarcoma (4% each). Of 19 patients treated by wide local excision or simple mastectomy with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, 11 had local recurrence develop, of which one patient died and nine of the remaining ten had metastases develop. Of the remaining eight patients in this group with no local recurrence, only two had metastases develop. Of the six patients treated by radical or Patey mastectomy, none had local recurrence develop, but two died of metastases. No patient had metastases develop more than 5 years after diagnosis. Regional lymph node involvement with tumor was observed in only one patient (with malignant fibrous histiocytoma) despite regional lymphadenopathy in seven. The overall mortality at 5 years is 64% but does not increase thereafter. The authors' findings suggest that failure to establish local control is associated with a poor prognosis and that wide local excision or simple mastectomy does not provide sufficient clearance to be used as first-line treatment. Excision of the axillary lymphatics and adjuvant radiotherapy are unlikely to be beneficial.

Adult↗