SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Sexual Partners”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

AIDS: risk behaviors and situations as perceived by adolescents in Gaborone, Botswana.

While AIDS continues to escalate in Botswana, no systematic investigation has been done of the contextual (behavioral and situational) variables important to the tailoring of AIDS educational prevention program for adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study identified the specific behaviors and situations placing adolescents at risk for AIDS as perceived by a convenience sample of 48 adolescents. Adolescents attended gender-specific focus groups and completed a demographic questionnaire. Content analysis revealed that gender and age could categorize the adolescents' perceptions of contextual variables. For younger adolescents AIDS-related behaviors involved sex and intravenous drug use; for older adolescents AIDS-related behaviors involved multiple sexual partners and sexual relationships between older men and adolescent girls. Though a consensus existed regarding the situational variables, gender and age influenced the situation that was most challenging to these adolescents. The data support that AIDS educational prevention programs must be tailored to the adolescents' gender and age.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1991

Affective and behavioral responses of gay and bisexual men to HIV antibody testing.

Fifty-six gay and bisexual men were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. Twenty-two subjects who tested positive, 22 subjects who tested negative, and 12 subjects who chose not to learn the test results were surveyed by questionnaire after one week and after about six months after testing. Subjects who tested positive and those who tested negative were also compared two weeks after learning results. Subjects who tested positive experienced an increase in anxiety, depression, and AIDS anxiety, and subjects who tested negative experienced a decrease in these feelings after learning results. Subjects who did not learn the results of their tests experienced no change in these feelings. All three groups altered their sexual behavior. Subjects were more likely to tell test results to lovers and to regular sexual partners than to casual sexual partners. Implications for social work practice are discussed.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed1988

Human papillomavirus infection: a potentially carcinogenic sexually transmitted disease (condylomata acuminata, genital warts).

Human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted virus that has been associated with intraepithelial neoplasia. The incidence and prevalence of the disease has risen dramatically, to epidemic proportions, within the last two decades. Risk factors for HPV are similar to those for intraepithelial neoplasia: early onset of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, high-risk sexual practices, and poor hygiene. Health care workers need to screen all patients for HPV through the use of a comprehensive history, including sexual history, a thorough physical examination, and appropriate laboratory methods. Pregnant women must be thoroughly screened because they are at increased risk for HPV, plus there has been an association between genital warts at the time of delivery and subsequent laryngeal papillomas in their infants. Treatment is aimed at the elimination of the lesions. Although in some cases lesions spontaneously resolve without treatment, in other cases there is a significant incidence of recurrence, even with treatment. Cell-mediated immunity seems to play a role in recurrence and regression as well as transformation to atypical cells. Transformation of HPV to neoplasia also seems to be related to co-factors that act synergistically in the oncogenic process. Public education, identification of high risk groups, and prevention are mandatory if the spread of HPV is to be contained. Equally essential is to remain cognizant of the fact that HPV is an STD with potentially carcinogenic properties; thus, screening and treatment of sexual partners are mandatory!

Condylomata Acuminata↗

PubMed1986

Determinants of social proximity in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): male behavior.

Following opportunity to copulate with a female housed in an adjacent compartment, male Japanese quail spent 64% of their time near a window that provided visual access to the female (Experiment 1). This social proximity behavior persisted for at least 2 weeks of continual exposure to the window despite lack of further physical access to the female (Experiment 2) and was evident at all daylight hours (Experiment 3). Female Japanese quail stimulated more proximity behavior in male conspecifics than did other male Japanese quail or birds of other species (Experiments 4 and 5). However, many characteristics of the female quail were not critical. The female quail did not have to be previous sexual partners, familiar, sexually experienced, or reproductively competent to stimulate proximity behavior in males (Experiments 4 and 5). Experiment 6 demonstrated that the social proximity behavior was primarily a response to the visual aspects of the females. The results are discussed in relation to mate-guarding and surveillance behavior, and implications of the data for sexual classical conditioning of male Japanese quail are noted.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Sexually transmitted viral hepatitis and enteric pathogens.

Hepatitis viruses, enteric pathogens, and anorectal infections may commonly be transmitted by various sexual practices. Because of their larger numbers of sexual partners and sexual practices such as anilingus and anal intercourse, homosexual men are at particularly high risk of acquiring hepatitis B, giardiasis, amebiasis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, and anorectal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus, and human papilloma viruses. The evidence for sexual transmission of these infections as well as their diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Amebiasis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

HIV seropositive cases presenting as urological patients at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra--a preliminary report.

Thirty-six patients (33 males, 3 females) were screened for HIV antibodies at the Urological clinics, at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra because of chronic diarrhoea, unexplained weight loss, multiple sexual partners, recurrent sexually transmitted diseases, non resolution of symptoms or history of possible exposure to HIV. Ten patients (27.8%) were found to be HIV seropositive; 6 were confirmed as HIV-1, one as HIV-2 and 3 as both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The HIV seropositive patients presented as follows: recurrent cystitis and offensive vaginal discharge in 2 females, non-resolution or recurrence of urological symptoms and signs such as warts (genital, meatal and or urethral) in 4 males and recurrent penile ulcers in 4 males. This report indicates that physicians should be alert and screen high risk patients for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid in seminal plasma and sperm cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible presence and expression of human papillomavirus viruses (HPV) in human plasma and sperm cells. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: A major medical center affiliated with a medical college. PATIENTS: Twenty-four randomly selected patients who attended Fertility Clinics at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Specimens of semen were collected from volunteered patients MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The presence of HPV types 16 and 18 DNA and RNA sequences were examined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 DNA and RNA sequences were found in two and zero seminal plasma specimens, respectively, and in six and two sperm cells specimens, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA sequences of HPV type 18 were found in eight and two seminal specimens and in 11 and 5 sperm cells specimens, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results seem to suggest that HPV cannot only infect human sperm cells, certain HPV genes are expressed actively in infected sperm cells. The virus-infected sperm cells conceivably can behave as vectors or carriers for the transmission of HPV, to sexual partner during sexual contact, to fetuses through fertilized eggs, or both.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Determinants of emergence of antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Studies were carried out to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Monthly surveillance of gonococcal isolates showed the prevalence of gonococci with high-level, plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance (TRNG) to be about 15% for three consecutive 6-mo periods. Over the same period, the prevalence of gonococci with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin G steadily increased, from 0% to 9% and then to 21%. From April to July 1987, while chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance was rapidly increasing, a more intensive study was conducted. Patients infected with TRNG reported significantly more lifetime sexual partners (P less than .05) but otherwise resembled patients infected with antibiotic-sensitive gonococci. Patients infected with chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant gonococci differed from other patients. In addition to reporting more lifetime partners (P less than .05), patients with chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant gonorrhea were more likely to be older (P less than .05) and more often reported past episodes of gonorrhea (P less than .05), greater numbers of recent sexual partners (P less than .05), new sexual partners (P less than .05), prostitute contact (P = .06), and parenteral drug use or sexual partners who were drug users (P = .07). The introduction of antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae into communities may be attributable to a subset of patients who practice "risky behaviors" and who could be targeted for disease intervention activities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Prevalence and determinants of HPV infection among Colombian women with normal cytology.

Human papillomavirus is the principal risk factor associated with cervical cancer, the most common malignancy among women in Colombia. We conducted a survey, aiming to report type specific prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus infection in women with normal cytology. A total of 1859 women from Bogota, Colombia were interviewed and tested for human papillomavirus using a general primer GP5+/GP6+ mediated PCR-EIA. The overall HPV DNA prevalence was 14.8%; 9% of the women were infected by high risk types, 3.1% by low risk types, 2.3% by both high risk/low risk types and 0.4% by uncharacterized types (human papillomavirus X). Thirty-two different human papillomavirus types were detected, being human papillomavirus 16, 58, 56, 81(CP8304) and 18 the most common types. The human papillomavirus prevalence was 26.1% among women younger than 20 years, 2.3% in women aged 45-54 years, and 13.2% in women aged 55 years or more. For low risk types the highest peak of prevalence was observed in women aged 55 years or more. Compared to women aged 35-44 years, women aged less than 20 years had a 10-fold increased risk of having multiple infections. Besides age, there was a positive association between the risk of human papillomavirus infection and number of regular sexual partners and oral contraceptive use. In women aged below 25 years, high educational level and having had casual sexual partners predicted infection risk. In conclusion, there was a broad diversity of human papillomavirus infections with high risk types being the most common types detected. In this population multiplicity of sexual partners and, among young women, high educational level and casual sexual partners seem to determine risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Sexual behaviour survey in a rural area of northwest Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about variations in patterns of sexual behaviour in different countries, cultures, and subpopulations that determine the spread of HIV-1. Quantitative studies are required to improve understanding. METHODS: To assess reported patterns of sexual behaviour, we administered a standardized questionnaire to 416 men and 498 women aged 15-49 years from a rural population in northwest Tanzania. RESULTS: Reported levels of sexual activity were highest in men and among younger age groups. The number of sexual partners and number of sex acts per unit of time were strongly correlated: men reported 10 times as many lifetime partners than women. Frequency of sexual partner exchange plateaued earlier in women (by age 25 years) than in men (by age 35 years). For the great majority, age of first intercourse was 15 years or younger; older subjects were older at first intercourse and had fewer lifetime partners than younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This age-related pattern suggests that more recent birth cohorts have behaviour patterns that increase the risk of sexually transmitted infectious agents such as HIV. Preventive education programmes should be targeted at young adults, who adopt higher risk profiles of frequent partner exchange linked with first intercourse at an early age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Hepatitis B virus infection in high-risk inner-city neighborhoods in San Francisco.

To examine the extent of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in an inner-city community, we determined the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of HBV seroreactivity in a representative sample of unmarried whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics living in San Francisco during 1988 to 1989 and again 1 year later in 1989 to 1990. Unmarried men and women aged 20 to 44 years were surveyed in a random household sample drawn from three neighborhoods of varying geographic and cultural characteristics. Hepatitis B infection was determined by testing specimens for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Of blood samples available from 1,108 participants from the initial survey, 159 (14%) were anti-HBc positive. There was a strong positive association between anti-HBc positivity and positive serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus type 2, and syphilis. In women and heterosexual men, after controlling for other variables, anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with older age (P < .001), nonwhite ethnicity (P < .01), less education (P < .05), injection drug use (P < .001), being paid for sex (P < .05), and lifetime number of sexual partners (P < .05). Among homosexually active men, after controlling for other variables, anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with nonwhite ethnicity (P < .001), injection drug use in a sexual partner (P < .05), and number of lifetime sexual partners (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Characteristics of male and female injecting drug users of the AjUDE-Brasil II Project.

The object of this study is to compare female and male injection drug users (IDUs) in terms of sociodemographic profile and aspects of their initiation to the use of injection drugs. It was a cross-sectional and multicentric study realized in 2000-2001 in six Brazilian syringe-exchange programs. 146 women and 709 men were interviewed, with average ages of 29.5 and 28.3 years, respectively. Both began injection drug use at similar ages, 18.6 and 19.3, for women and men, respectively, although women report more frequently than men that they were initiated by a sexual partner to acquiring drugs and syringes, and to the act of injection. Compared to men, women report significantly more regular sexual partners (83% versus 72%); fewer casual partners (39% versus 58%), more use of injection drugs with their partners, as well as more "exchange" of sex for drugs. Among HIV-seropositive individuals, women show less education, had more chance of their sexual partners participating in their initiation to injection drugs, and report sexual partners that used injection drugs more frequently. Female IDUs exhibit aspects of behavior indicating greater vulnerability to HIV infection than do males.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Male influences on cervical cancer risk.

Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were studied among low income, married Hispanic women and their husbands, using a case-control design. A total of 45 eligible cases were identified at public hospitals and community clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. For each case, a control was selected within two years of age from among Hispanic women seen at the same institution. Thirty-nine matched pairs of couples were interviewed to assess histories of sexual behavior and other possible risk factors. Cases and controls differed markedly in the number of past sexual partners of their husbands. Cases were 5.3 times more likely to be married to husbands who had had 20 or more sexual partners than were controls. Cases and controls themselves did not differ in their number of sexual partners, but cases were younger at first intercourse than were controls. The association with husband's sexual history persisted after adjusting for the woman's number of sexual partners or age at first intercourse. These results support the infectious and venereal transmission of cervical cancer and indicate the important role of husbands in its occurrence in a population with high incidence rates.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Prepubertal initiation of sexual experiences and older first partner predict promiscuous sexual behavior of delinquent adolescent males--unrecognized child abuse?

Sexual experiences of 1580 delinquent adolescent males ages 9-19 years admitted to a juvenile detention center from January 1985 to July 1990 were determined through a structured health history interview. A total of 89.6% admitted to prior sexual activity; 26.8% claimed sexual experience by age 11 years. Only 3.2% reported sexual abuse or incest. Of 334 sexually active adolescents who revealed both age of their first partner and their age of first intercourse, 42% had their first experience with a female 2 or more years older. Males who had their first sexual experience before age 11 years or with a female 2 or more years older, reported significantly larger numbers of sexual partners in their lifetime and during the year preceding their incarceration. Girls with similar first sexual experiences in terms of age of initiation and age difference from partner are considered to be abused. Practitioners who work with children and adolescents need to recognize the possibility of sexual activity among pre-adolescent males and to be aware of its implications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

A pilot study of sexual lifestyle in a random sample of the population of Great Britain.

Rates of sexual-partner change and patterns of high-risk behaviour are important determinants of the spread of HIV. We carried out a survey to assess the feasibility of studying sexual lifestyle in a random sample of the British population, aged 16-64 years, in November 1987. Two thousand and seventy-seven households were selected using a multi-stage probability sampling procedure. Seven hundred and eight-five adults participated in a structured interview. The schedule included demographic details, attitudes to AIDS, numbers of sexual partners in different time periods, history of homosexuality and contact with prostitutes. An interview was obtained in 61% of households where contact was made, but the overall response rate was low (48%). There was marked variability between individuals in numbers of sexual partners in given time intervals. Men and women in younger cohorts had experienced first sexual intercourse earlier and had higher numbers of sexual partners than people in older cohorts. Surprisingly few reported high-risk behaviour such as homosexuality and use of prostitution. The methodological problems in trying to obtain unbiased and valid data on sexual behaviour are discussed. Further work is necessary to improve the response rate and questionnaire design.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Seroepidemiology of chlamydia in Costa Rica.

A population-based study of the sero-epidemiology of chlamydia was performed among a nationally representative sample of 760 Costa Rican women aged 25 to 59 years. Interviews and sera collection were completed between September 1984 and February 1985. The overall seroprevalence of chlamydial antibodies among these women was 56.1%. Women 25 to 39 years of age had a seroprevalence of 51.1%, while women 40 to 59 years of age had a seroprevalence of 64.2%. Women who reported no prior sexual activity had a seroprevalence rate of 48.6%, compared with a seroprevalence rate of 80.7% among women who reported three or more lifetime sexual partners. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of seropositive women ranged from 34.4 among the women who reported no prior sexual activity to 155.0 among the women with three or more lifetime sexual partners. Sero-positivity was more consistently associated with sexual activity than with age. Women with serological evidence of past Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or syphilis infection were more likely to be seropositive than were women without evidence of exposure to these sexually transmitted diseases, even when controlled for age and the number of lifetime sexual partners. The seropositivity among never sexually active women indicates the probable presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections, while the high seroprevalence of chlamydial antibodies among the sexually active women suggests that sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections represent a public health problem not previously quantified in Costa Rica. Further seroepidemiological and/or culture studies are warranted to determine the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted chlamydial infection among men and younger women.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Male sexual behavior and human papillomavirus DNA: key risk factors for cervical cancer in Spain.

BACKGROUND: It is now established that certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the sexually transmitted agents etiologically linked to cervical cancer. Studies assessing the contribution of the male's sexual behavior and genital HPV DNA status to the risk of development of cervical neoplasia in sexual partners have yielded inconsistent results. PURPOSE: This study evaluates the role of men's sexual behavior and the presence of HPV DNA in the penis on the development of cervical cancer in their sexual partners in Spain, a low-risk area for cervical neoplasia. METHODS: Husbands (n = 633) of women participating in two case-control studies of cervical neoplasia were interviewed to obtain information on lifestyle habits, including sexual practices. Cytologic samples were taken from the distal urethra and the surface of the glans penis of 183 husbands of case women and of 171 husbands of control women. These samples were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction-based system using a generic probe and 25 type-specific probes for the detection and typing of HPV DNA. Serologic specimens were also obtained and analyzed for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type II, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. RESULTS: The presence of HPV DNA in the husbands' penis conveyed a fivefold risk of cervical cancer to their wives (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for HPV DNA positivity = 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-12.6). The risk of cervical cancer was strongly related to HPV type (adjusted OR for HPV type 16 = 9.0; 95% CI = 1.1-77.5), to the husbands' number of extramarital partners (adjusted OR = 11.0; 95% CI = 3.0-40.0; for > or = 21 women versus one), and to the number of prostitutes as extramarital sexual partners (adjusted OR = 8.0; 95% CI = 2.9-22.2; for > or = 10 women versus none). Presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.4-4.6) and an early age at first sexual intercourse of the husband (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.7-5.9; for < or = 15 years versus > or = 21 years) were also associated with cervical neoplasia in the wife. After adjustment for these variables and for the wife's pack-years of smoking, the husband's smoking was moderately associated with cervical cancer in his wife (adjusted OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4-4.4; for > or = 26.2 pack-years versus none). CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the role of men as vectors of the HPV types that are related to cervical cancer. Life-time number of female sexual partners, number of female prostitutes as sexual partners, and detection of HPV DNA in the penis of husbands are all surrogate markers of exposure to HPV during marriage. IMPLICATIONS: Men who report multiple sexual partners or who are carriers of HPV DNA may be vectors of high-risk HPV types and may place their wives at high risk of developing cervical cancer. Prostitutes are an important reservoir of high-risk HPVs.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behaviors of crack cocaine users and their impact on early syphilis intervention.

The impact of crack use on syphilis intervention was investigated by reviewing records of persons diagnosed with early syphilis when voluntarily attending County Health Department clinics in Detroit, Michigan and Dallas, Texas between August 1989 and August 1990. The sample was stratified and data were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Compared with men who did not use crack, male crack users were more likely to report having four or more sexual partners during their critical period for acquiring or passing on infection (odds ratio, OR = 4.33; 95% confidence interval, CI = 2.08, 8.99). Among men, having a large number of sexual partners during this period was associated with a lower percentage of contacts being examined (OR = 11.8; 95% CI = 2.91, 47.5). Among women, having four or more sexual partners during their critical period and a lower partner examination rate were both associated with crack use; crack use was strongly associated with exchanging sex for money or drugs. We conclude that crack use has the largest impact on syphilis intervention through its association with having large numbers of sexual partners.

Adult↗