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Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of valvular heart disease.

Doppler echocardiography is a relatively new non-invasive technique which provides direct hemodynamic data that is complementary to M-Mode and 2-Dimensional echocardiography. This technique allows measurement of peak flow velocity through a stenotic valve and allows accurate prediction of the pressure gradient across the valve. It is a promising technique for screening patients with suspected pulmonic and aortic stenosis. It allows quantitation of gradient and valve area in patients with mitral stenosis. Doppler techniques are also valuable in detecting and semi-quantitating valvular regurgitation. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography is accurate in evaluating patients with multi-valvular disease. Finally, Doppler techniques are finding an important role in the evaluation of suspected prosthetic valve malfunction. In summary, Doppler echocardiography offers a complementary approach for direct evaluation of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with valvular heart disease.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of valvular heart disease by invasive methods.

The need for and the design of invasive procedures in patients with valvular heart disease should be based on the careful evaluation of the patient with history, physical examination, and appropriate noninvasive testing. The number of parameters measured, angiograms performed, and interventions performed during catheterization is determined by the suspected pathology and the clinical status of the patient. The ability to amend the planned sequence and number of measurements as the study progresses must be preserved, so that the most useful data to be used in patient management can be obtained. Knowledge of the limitations as well as the advantages of each technique is necessary to obtain the most accurate data and to interpret the results obtained. It must be recognized that invasive procedures will not always answer all the questions and, in fact, may raise new ones. They are, however, an indispensible part of the evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease, as most surgical and many medical decisions cannot be made without them.

Adult↗