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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The effect of the bleaching agent sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion in vitro: implications in external cervical root resorption.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of sodium perborate, which is used as a bleaching agent in the treatment of discolored pulpless teeth, on substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. Inflammatory macrophages were obtained from Wistar rats and resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium. As a test of macrophage adhesion, the adherence capacity of macrophages to a plastic surface was determined. Assays were conducted in Eppendorf tubes for 15 min of incubation at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The adherence index was calculated. Results showed that sodium perborate decreased in a dose-dependent manner and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) the adherence index of rat peritoneal macrophages. Sodium perborate was less potent than sodium hypochlorite and eugenol in inhibiting macrophage adhesion. The inhibitory effect of sodium perborate on macrophage adhesion further supports the concept that this agent is not implicated in external cervical root resorption associated with intracoronal bleaching.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Enamel microabrasion followed by dental bleaching: case reports.

Certain enamel coloration defects can best be eliminated by a combination of treatment methods. This report describes the treatment of two patients whose enamel discoloration was corrected with a combination of enamel microabrasion and patient-administered dental bleaching with a carbamide peroxide gel solution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth. METHODS: In vitro model of discolored teeth: sample of fresh erythrocytes was placed in the pulp cavity of 20 extracted teeth and centrifuged for 3 consecutive days. These discolored teeth were divided equally and randomly into two groups: group A (control group); group B (bleaching group), bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 4 weeks. And then all teeth were prepared for histological examination and subjected to a series of histochemical tests to analyze some of the biochemical changes following haemorrhage into the pulp chamber and post-bleaching. RESULTS: Haemoglobin and haematin were detected in the dentinal tubules of discolored teeth from group A and no evidence of ferric or haemosiderin. Specimens from group B demonstrated a negative response to histochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of bacterial invasive, haemoglobin and haematin could cause discoloration of non-infected traumatized teeth. Peroxide bleaching agent can effectively remove haemoglobin and haematin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incorporating flowable composites into the minimally invasive treatment sequence for aesthetic enhancement.

The conservative correction of stained anterior dentition is well-suited to minimally invasive techniques that first incorporate in-office, light-activated bleaching, and take-home, dentist-monitored tray bleaching. The second most conservative approach is the placement of direct composite restoratives, including recently introduced flowable varieties that help the clinician more precisely and predictably place these materials. This article demonstrates a conservative treatment sequence for in-office bleaching and direct composite placement for the aesthetic correction of discolored anterior maxillary dentition.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

In vitro comparison of various types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored teeth.

Fifty-eight extracted incisors were artificially stained to compare the efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching. All teeth were bleached for a 6-day period and the bleaching pastes replaced at days 1 and 3 (walking bleach technique). Sodium perborate-monohydrate, trihydrate, or tetrahydrate in conjunction with 30% H2O2 as well as tetrahydrate, either mixed with H2O or prepared as an experimental gel, were placed intracoronally at a level of 1-mm below the vestibular cementoenamel junction. Standardized slides were used to evaluate the color changes during bleaching. Success rates between 46 and 77% could be achieved, but no significant differences in final bleaching results between any of the sodium perborate types were observed. The use of the experimental gel resulted in comparable esthetic results (54%), although the portion of tetrahydrate in the gel was lower than that of the other preparations. In contrast to general recommendations that bleaching agents be left for 3 to 7 days in the access cavity before replacement, shorter bleaching intervals did not seem to affect the success.

Borates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bleaching primary teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Bleaching teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide in a custom-fitted tray has been popular for more than 10 years. However, primary teeth are seldom considered for bleaching due to the need for compliance by the child and the natural whiteness of the primary teeth. This report describes an indication-teeth darkened from trauma-as well as the technique and outcome for bleaching discolored primary teeth.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The etch-bleach-seal technique for managing stained enamel defects in young permanent incisors.

Hypomineralized enamel defects frequently are manifest as a mottled-white appearance and can be associated with variable degrees of discrete yellow-brown intrinsic staining. Numerous treatment approaches have been proposed, ranging from bleaching to enamel reduction to restorative techniques. Bleaching of hypomineralized enamel lesions, using 1 to 2 applications (10 to 15 minutes each) of 5% sodium hypochlorite, has been applied clinically. Treatment using this approach has proven successful in removing yellow-brown discolorations from lesions in young permanent teeth. Young permanent incisors with yellow-brown intrinsic discolorations can often be treated by a simple and conservative bleaching protocol using sodium hypochlorite.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2004

Three-week clinical trial of a 14% hydrogen-peroxide, strip-based bleaching system.

This clinical trial tested the efficacy and safety of a professional strip-based whitening system (Crest Whitestrips Supreme) using the manufacturer's recommended 3-week treatment regimen. These strips have a higher concentration, but a similar amount of hydrogen peroxide relative to Crest Professional Whitestrips, because the thickness of the gel on strips is reduced. Tooth whitening was measured using the value-oriented VITA Classic Shade Guide before and after treatment. Twenty-nine subjects were treated with either Crest Whitestrips Supreme or placebo strips that did not contain hydrogen peroxide. Participants in the experimental group achieved a mean lightening of nearly eight VITA shades relative to placebo, with minimal side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors.

OBJECTIVE: An investigation was undertaken to assess potential predisposing factors to invasive cervical resorption. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A group of 222 patients with a total of 257 teeth displaying varying degrees of invasive cervical resorption were analyzed. Potential predisposing factors, including trauma, intracoronal bleaching, surgery, orthodontics, periodontal root scaling or planing, bruxism, delayed eruption, developmental defects, and restorations were assessed from the patients' history and oral examination. RESULTS: Of the potential predisposing factors identified, orthodontics was the most common sole factor, constituting 21.2% of patients and 24.1% of teeth examined. Other factors were present in an additional 5.0% of orthodontically treated patients (4.3% of teeth), and these consisted principally of trauma and/or intracoronal bleaching. Trauma was the second most frequent sole factor (14.0% of patients and 15.1% of teeth). Trauma in combination with intracoronal bleaching, orthodontics, or delayed eruption constituted an additional 11.2% of patients (10.6% of teeth). Intracoronal bleaching was found to be the sole potential predisposing factor in 4.5% of patients and 3.9% of teeth, and an additional 10.4% of patients and 9.7% of teeth showed a combination of intracoronal bleaching with trauma and/or orthodontics. Surgery, particularly involving the cementoenamel junction area, was a sole potential predisposing factor in 6.3% of patients and 5.4% of teeth. Periodontal therapy, including deep root scaling and planing, showed a low incidence, as did other factors, such as bruxism and developmental defects. The presence of an intracoronal restoration was the only identifiable factor in 15.3% of patients and 14.4% of teeth, while 15.0% of patients and 16.4% of teeth showed no identifiable potential pedisposing factors. CONCLUSION: These results indicated a strong association between invasive cervical resorption and orthodontic treatment, trauma, and intracoronal bleaching, either alone or in combination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Correlation of bleached teeth's tissue micro-durability and time of placing the dental filling].

Bleaching of discolored teeth has become one of the pressing issues of modern aesthetic dentistry in Georgia. Correct selection of endo-bleaching substances is crucial in resolving this issue, as it is well known that endo-bleaching agents penetrate into the dental tissues, causing "microcracks". Aim of our study became selection of right materials for dental bleaching, as well as finding additional methods of prevention these materials from penetrating into the dental tissue. Serving this aim, we have studied several types of endo-bleaching substances, as well as micro-durability of dental tissue, based on the numerous methods of its determination. Subsequently we observed the effect of endo-bleaching materials "endoopalescence" and "endoperox" on dental tissue. Data analysis has shown that there were significantly less "microcracks" found after use of "endoopalescence", than "endoperox". The most beneficial results were obtained during concomitant use of endo-bleaching material "endoopalescence" and antioxidant, since the latter improves micro-durability of dental tissue. Based on all of the above we recommend use of "endoopalescence" as an endo-bleaching substance, in complex with antioxidants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Discolorations: a new method of bleaching discolored vital teeth. (Preliminary study)].

The demand for an acceptable appearance, including a natural and attractive smile, has nowadays a great effect on clinical practice. More patients than ever are requesting various types of cosmetic dentistry in order to improve their smile. The clinical practitioner has to deal with discolorations, particularly in the anterior region of the mouth. The most severe of these problems are caused by administration of tetracycline or other medicine during the period of mineralization. The usual treatment of these cases includes full crown restorations and more recently, direct or indirect veneers (porcelain or composite-resin veneers). As an alternative, the various techniques of bleaching consist the most conservative of all above treatments. For many year, their application gives effective solutions in many cases. This article describes both clinical and laboratory procedures of a new technique for bleaching discolored vital teeth. This technique uses a warming device to apply controlled heat to the bleaching solution which is placed on both labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth to be bleached. Special thermotrays are used for the placement of the solution according to the specifications of the manufacturer. This paper presents a preliminary study of the advantages and disadvantages of this bleaching method and gives an evaluation of the results from several clinical cases.

Carbamide Peroxide↗