[Common traits in overtrained athletes and in persons with professional burn-out].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Burnout, Professional↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Trained Immunity”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[A phylogenetic analysis of genes of the influenza virus. Phylogenetic trees and fixation rates].
The phylogenetic trees of influenza virus genes of hemagglutinins, neuraminidases, and of NS genes were composed. Considering properties of synonimic replacements to be neutral and their rates constant at each tree, the dates of ancestor branch points were calculated, and the rates of fixation of synonimic (Ks) and non-synonimic (Kns) replacements estimated. The epidemic branches were mostly shown to be "deadlocks", non-epidemic ones being internal or "roots." The ratios of the numbers of synonimic to non-synonimic replacements (vs/vns) were correspondingly 1.32+/-0.42 and 4.78+/-1.28 for all trees, the difference being significant. It was shown that the dated branch points for hemagglutinins are non-randomly clustered around the initial points of the main genetic shifts of the A-type virus, corresponding to the influenza pandemics. It seems that these ancestor forms of virus behave similar to the "train" of these shifts, reproducing together with the pandemic forms under conditions of decreased immune resistance of host population. The rates of fixation of non-synonimic replacements in the epidemic branches of this tree are 4 times increased, as compared to non-epidemic ones.
Genes, Viral↗
[Normalization of the immunologic reactivity of student skiers with a protein preparation].
The effect of the serum-protein concentrate sbk-uf (TY 49626-79) npo "uglich", containing increased amounts of all essential amino acids, on the immunological responsiveness was studied in 21 skier-students. The investigation was conducted during a contest at the beginning and the end of a weekly microcycle when the athlets received the concentrate. Cellular and humoral immunity parameters were studied. It was found that sBK-ooF produced a normalizing effect on the immune processes in the athlets'body, and could be recommended as a biostimulator in the period of hard physical exercises in sports requiring powers of endurance.
Adolescent↗
[Immunohematologic screening and immunocorrection in cardiac surgery at an early age].
110 patients with "blue" and "pale" congenital heart disease in age of 2.43-0.18yrs have been inspected in order to work out the diagnostic criterion of the manifest latent, local and generalized infection, presence during the patients' training for operative healing and in postoperative period. The indexes of cellular and humoral immunity links, the state of phagocytosis, leukocyte index of intoxication have been analysed. Value of NST-test as a 1st level screening and dependence of this index from the degree of blood circulation incompetence, hypoxemia, general stigmatization have been established.
Antibody Formation↗
Exercise, training, and neutrophil function.
Although neutrophils are critical to host defense, they are also involved in the pathology of various inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils, representing 60% of circulating leukocytes in human subjects, are readily accessible to experimental investigation. Discrete aspects of, neutrophil function can be quickly and accurately assessed in vitro using a variety of techniques that involve assessment of intracellular and extracellular functional activities. Moderate exercise has variable effects on neutrophil function, but intense exercise is potentially immunosuppressive. Endurance training also suppresses most neutrophil functions chronically. A greater understanding of some fundamental aspects of neutrophil function and the uncovering of newly defined roles underlines potential applications in general and sports medicine. However, the practical value of this knowledge for monitoring the health and training programs of elite athletes requires further clarification. The current knowledge of neutrophil and immune functional measurements has not progressed to an extent that routine profiling in athletes can be used diagnostically.
Animals↗
Effects of attention and rewarded activity on immune parameters and wound healing in pigs.
Challenging animals with a demanding situation they are able to cope with and where they are rewarded may be a source of positive emotions and possibly of increased welfare. In order to test if this results in changes of immunological parameters and wound healing, 56 pigs (7-20 weeks of age), housed in groups of 8 animals each, were successfully trained to recognize and localize an individual acoustic summons and to receive a small portion of feed as a reward. Immune reactions and the development of a standardized biopsy wound were compared to values of conventionally fed control groups of equal size and animal-to-feeding-place ratio (2:1). In the experimental animals a significantly higher concentration of IgG as well as an increased in vitro T-cell proliferation to ConA but a reduced LPS-induced proliferation of B-cells was found, while basal salivary cortisol concentrations were similar. Wound development was better in the experimental animals as measured by the area of the inflammatory corona. It decreased more rapidly in the experimental animals since the 5th day after biopsy and was significantly smaller than in the control groups. We conclude that environmental enrichment by equipment provoking attention and cognitive activity which is rewarded by feed may play a beneficial role for physical welfare of intensively housed pigs.
Animal Feed↗
Universal precautions training of preclinical students: impact on knowledge, attitudes, and compliance.
BACKGROUND: Little information exists regarding the impact of universal precautions training programs on preclinical students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. METHODS: We developed, implemented, and assessed an educational program in universal precautions for 2nd-year medical and preclinical physician assistant students. Students (n = 170) completed pre- and post-training questionnaires to assess universal precautions knowledge and to evaluate attitudes about their perceived risk for bloodborne pathogen infection, the importance of universal precautions procedures, and their willingness to provide care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Phlebotomy, intravenous catheter insertion, and arterial blood gas sampling techniques were demonstrated, practiced, and evaluated during practical training sessions. Outcome measures included changes in pre- and posttraining knowledge scores and attitudes, as well as observed compliance with universal precautions during practical training. RESULTS: Universal precautions knowledge scores increased significantly after training (P < 0.0001). Personal assessments of the risk of developing HIV due to patient care significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) and willingness to provide care for AIDS patients increased (P = 0.004) following training. Importantly, students reported that high expected rates of contact with HIV-positive and other patient groups would not significantly affect their specialty choice. Observed compliance with universal precautions procedures during practical training ranged from 95 to 99% for glove use, 76 to 77% for direct sharps disposal without needle recapping, and 56 to 78% for handwashing after glove removal during phlebotomy and intravenous catheter insertion. CONCLUSIONS: This program is effective in increasing students' knowledge of universal precautions. Training favorably affects students' willingness to care for HIV-positive patients and their assessed risk of developing occupational bloodborne infection.
Blood Specimen Collection↗
Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology.
The application of epidemiological methods to exercise immunology is reviewed briefly, with particular reference to the possible influences of physical activity, exercise and training on susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. Available reports are arbitrarily rated in terms of limiting factors: the quality of the assessment of physical activity, the precision of diagnosis of upper respiratory infection and overall methodology. The pattern of physical activity has often been clearly established but, in part because of the problems associated with the competitive environment, assessments of infection and overall methodology have often been less than optimal. Although there is some evidence that susceptibility to infection is increased by either a single bout of very heavy activity or a period of heavy training, reports are far from unanimous, and in certain respects fail to meet the classical epidemiological criteria of a causal relationship. The issue is important to both the health and the success of the international competitor, and merits definitive investigation, using optimal methods to assess both activity patterns and infection.
Adolescent↗
Promoting influenza and pneumococcal immunization in older adults.
BACKGROUND: Reducing the risk of influenza and pneumococcal disease in older adults is a long-standing goal of Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) program and parallels the Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goal 10. ADDRESSING THE GOAL: Since 1999 the West Virginia Medical Institute has worked with a statewide partnership of health organizations on a program to improve influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates in hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries. Methods included education, audit and feedback, toolkits, and training meetings. RESULTS: During the first three years (1999-2001) of the effort, the rate of assessment for pneumococcal immunization at discharge increased from < 10% to 74.1% statewide and for influenza immunization from near zero to 63.4% statewide. Since 2002 pneumococcal immunization administration has increased from 16.1% to 41.1%, with similar improvement in influenza measures. LESSONS LEARNED/NEXT STEPS: Hospitals--and, by extension, long term care facilities--can make dramatic improvements in quality performance in a relatively short time when key staff receive feedback about the need to improve and the tools to assist in improving.
Aged↗
Prognostic model based on calcium-related genes predicts prognosis and reveals the immune landscape of acute myeloid leukemia.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits heterogeneous outcomes and lacks reliable prognostic markers. As a critical regulator of cell fate, the prognostic value of calcium signaling in AML requires investigation. This study aimed to construct a calcium-related gene (CRG)-based prognostic model for AML. Differential analysis on RNA-seq data was conducted for AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Intersecting differentially expressed genes and CRGs yielded AML-associated differentially expressed CRGs (DECRGs). A prognostic model was developed using univariate/multivariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and validated in a GEO dataset. Bioinformatics analyses explored the links between risk groups and immune characteristics, genomic mutations, and drug sensitivity. Key genes' effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation were verified in vitro using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. The 13-DECRG-based model distinguished high- and low-risk patients in both training and validation cohorts, with high-risk patients showing a worse prognosis. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Immune analysis revealed a unique immune microenvironment for the high-risk group. CAMK2A overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and colony-forming ability, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced an increased proportion of CD11b- and CD14-positive cells. In vitro experiments indicated CAMK2A-induced suppression of AML cells' malignant phenotype by activating the P53 signaling pathway. An AML CRG-based model with favorable risk stratification performance was constructed. In vitro experiments revealed CAMK2A-induced inhibition of the malignant phenotype via suppressing proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and facilitating myeloid differentiation in AML cells. This study provides novel evidence for understanding CRGs in AML as well as the potential functions of CAMK2A.
Journal Article↗
Primary health care needs for travel medicine training in Britain.
BACKGROUND: In the UK, travel health advice is mainly provided by practice nurses and general practitioners (GPs). The need for their improved education in travel medicine has been highlighted through previous studies and by an increasing number of requests for training. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey of 3900 GP practices was conducted to assess training requirements and to establish the demand for an academic course in travel medicine. 1430 (37%) questionnaires were completed. RESULTS: 93% of practices provided a pretravel advice service. 87% of GPs advised an average of 10 travelers per month and only 48% immunized travelers. 98% of nurses advised and immunized an average of 28 travelers a month. 21% of GPs and two-thirds of nurses had attended one or more training sessions in travel medicine. Over 90% of the sample (83% of GPs and 98% of nurses) expressed an interest in attending a formal training program in travel medicine. Eligibility for Post Graduate Education Awards (PGEA) was important for most GPs (88%). Nurses valued approval by the English National Board for Nursing (88%) and a system of Credit Accumulation & Transfer (CATS) (82%). Funding for a course would be met in full by 18% of respondents (mainly GPs) and a further 20% would contribute to fees. Most GPs and nurses have ready access to a range of information sources, e.g., a postgraduate medical centre (85%) and a medical library (91%). Computerized access to information was feasible as 93% had a computer and 54% had a modem attached. CONCLUSIONS: The discipline of travel medicine is becoming increasingly specialized. Future practitioners will need to enhance their skills to meet the demands of today's travelers. Our results show that general practice staff are keen to develop such skills. Specialist training courses need to be expanded to meet this demand.
Communicable Disease Control↗
Control of meningococcal meningitis with meningococcal vaccines.
The development of effective meinigococcal vaccines was based upon the finding that immunity to the meningococcus was directly correlated with serum bactericidal antibodies. Purified high molecular weight capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A and C meningococci stimulated the production of humoral antibodies which had group specific bactericidal activity. In controlled field trials in Army recruits, group C polysaccharide vaccines were highly effective in preventing group C disease. Following its use as a routine immunization in recruits in October 1971 group C meningococcal disease has been almost completely eliminated from Army training centers. Group A vaccine has been field tested in Egyptian school children with great success. Group B polysaccharide has failed to induce bactericidal antibodies in humans and, therefore, new research is underway to attempt to develop a cell wall protein antigen as a vaccine against group B disease.
Adult↗
Rubella screening and vaccination program for US Air Force trainees: an analysis of findings.
A preventive medicine program of rubella control for trainees at the Air Force Military Training Center, Lackland AFB, Texas, was begun in October 1977. Incoming trainees were screened for rubella susceptibility, and female trainees were additionally screened for pregnancy. During the period October 1977 to December 1978, an overall rubella susceptibility rate of 17.3 per cent was determined for 71,387 trainees entering basic training. Flights (50 persons each) to which these trainees are assigned varied widely in susceptibility from 0.0-47.7 per cent. Comparisons of susceptibility rates for trainees for for geographic areas and states indicated the highest overall percentage of susceptibles were from the Pacific geographic area with California showing the highest susceptibility (24.5 per cent). Race specific susceptibility rates were found to differ significantly between Whites and Blacks, 17.6 vs 14.8 per cent, respectively. The immunization program was effective as judged by a dampening of the incidence of clinical rubella at the basic training center and at other secondary training centers.
Adolescent↗
Ability of an anti-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone vaccine to inhibit gonadotropins in postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of immunization with an anti-LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) vaccine in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Pilot clinical study. SETTING: Normal human volunteers in a medical research-training environment. PATIENT(S): Three postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60 years, 5 years of amenorrhea, and severe hypoestrogenism with elevated serum LH and FSH. INTERVENTION(S): Intramuscular immunization with 300 micrograms LH-RH equivalent of the vaccine in two occasions 1 month apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patients were followed for clinical assessment and serum LH, FSH, and anti-LH-RH titers at regular monthly intervals for 7 months. RESULTS(S): The injection of the anti-LH-RH vaccine followed by a booster injection 1 month later resulted in a sharp decrease, 60 days after the first injection, of both serum gonadotropins, accompanied by an increase in anti-LH-RH antibody titers, which were reversible after 180 days in the absence of further booster immunization. CONCLUSION(S): Active immunization offer a safe option to induce antibody response, which in the present regime employed was of about 6-months duration. This procedure opens new possibilities for its use as an affordable therapeutic agent in some hormone-dependent clinical conditions.
Antibodies↗
Integrated multi-omics identification of m6A-SNP-related diagnostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lacks reliable and minimally invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis. m6A-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (m6A-SNPs) may influence RNA methylation and gene expression, offering opportunities to identify clinically relevant diagnostic markers. METHODS: We integrated eQTLGen cis-eQTL data, RMVar m6A-SNP annotations, and ALS transcriptomic datasets to identify m6A-SNP-related genes. Random Forest and LASSO regression were combined to screen robust diagnostic markers. A nomogram was constructed and validated using independent cohorts. Immune infiltration, predicted m6A modification sites, and potential RBP-SNP interactions were assessed. Peripheral blood samples from ALS patients were used for exploratory validation of gene expression and global m6A levels. RESULTS: We identified 109 ALS-associated m6A-SNP-related genes with cis-eQTL signals and narrowed these to seven candidate diagnostic markers (TMED5, OXR1, BRI3, FEM1C, SUZ12, EIF2AK4, and TJAP1). The seven-gene model outperformed the individual markers in the training cohort and retained moderate discrimination in the independent validation cohort. ALS samples showed differences in inferred immune-cell composition, including monocytes, neutrophils, and T-cell subsets. The selected SNP loci were located near predicted m6A sites and annotated RBP-binding regions. Exploratory clinical validation showed significant upregulation of FEM1C and SUZ12 at both mRNA and protein levels, accompanied by reduced global m6A modification. CONCLUSIONS: Through multi-omics integration and exploratory clinical validation, this study identifies m6A-SNP-related candidate markers associated with ALS. The findings support further evaluation of m6A-related signatures for ALS discrimination and molecular characterization, while larger independent cohorts and additional calibration are required before clinical application.
Humans↗
Changes in blood haemorheological parameters after submaximal exercise in trained and untrained subjects.
The blood stream is affected by viscosity and many other haemorheological factors such as lipid peroxidation in the plasma and red blood cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of haemorheological parameters after submaximal exercise in trained and untrained subjects. The results indicated that heart rate, lymphocyte count, erythrocyte deformability, plasma lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity are increased after submaximal exercise.
Adult↗
Influenza immunization: serologic and clinical responses in military units.
Two inactivated influenza-virus vaccines were tested and compared in three army training units in Israel. The serological responses to the vaccines and the side-effects were assessed. The vaccines contained the influenza strains which were prevalent in 1974: A2/Port Chalmers/1/73 and B/Hong Kong/8/73. One of the vaccines also contained A2/England/42/72. Both vaccines caused a more than three-fold rise in geometric mean titers against influenza A strains, and about a twofold rise in geometric mean titers against influenza B/Hong Kong/5/73. Approximately 75%-80% of the vaccinees acquired protective hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers against influenza A strains, while less than 30% acquired protective titers against B strains. In general, there were no significant differences between the serological responses to the two vaccines. More than 50% of the vaccinees experienced at least one systemic side-effect (50.3% with one vaccine and 61.0% with the other). The average number of side-effects per person was between 1.78 and 2.11. However, these side-effects were generally of short duration and caused minimal disability. On the whole, the two vaccines did not differ significantly with regard to the side-effects they caused.
Antibody Formation↗
Can endurance sports stimulate immune mechanisms against cancer and metastasis?
Proceeding from a brief historical contemplation of the problematic nature of "exercise and malignancy" a training investigation (running on a treadmill) with animals is presented. By means of the experimental tumor model fibrosarcoma L-1 of BALB/c mice differences in growth, size, and metastatic spreading have been proven depending upon the mode and more significantly on the intensity of training and upon the mode of application and inoculation of tumor cells. Accordingly the best cancer protective effect could be observed when the animals performed a pre- and a post-running training before and after inoculation. More over mechanisms of the acute phase response of human athletes are discussed in relation to possible prophylactic effects on the prevention of infections and on the development of cancer.
Animals↗