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PubMed1982

A computerized data management system for behavioral teratology studies.

A computerized system was designed for behavioral teratology studies to (1) generate preprinted data recording/submission forms, (2) calculate testing dates, (3) generate a daily activity schedule for testing, and (4) update established data sets for access by data entry personnel. The computer-generated forms are used to record data from the following behavioral/developmental tests for rats: pup weights, pinna detachment, surface righting, cliff avoidance, incisor eruption, eye opening, negative geotaxis, olfactory discrimination, swimming development, open field, swimming maze and operant visual discrimination learning. Three behavioral teratology studies have been conducted in our laboratory using this computerized system. The human error rates in these studies were 0.26, 0.34 and 0.46 percent, respectively. The advantages of this system include: (1) computer-calculated test dates; (2) elimination of manual data transcription; (3) more consistent data recording and scoring conditions; (4) better scheduling control; and (5) faster data entry and statistical analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Dr. Quiz: a program of medical question-data bank with access to Internet].

The authors' aim was to develop a programme of medical question-databank which could be used for self-assessment of knowledge. The programme incorporates computer-network technology utilising the Internet. The duration of Internet connection of users is merely limited to the time of selecting and downloading a group of questions. The series of multiple choice questions follows the decision making process of physicians from the description of the medical case to establishing the diagnosis and the therapy. The series of questions can be branched depending on the level of knowledge and the answers are evaluated with different number of scores emphasising the medical significance of the concrete question. Detailed explanations are attached to all possible responses and the general summary of the case can be read after completing the task. The addresses of the authors creating the different cases are also saved and in this way there is a chance of the direct communication between the authors and the users. Special feature of the programme is that when the users want to download a new group of questions, their previous answers are fed back to the server in order to get the possibility of improving the quality of the question-databank by means of an appropriate statistical analysis. At present, the programme is at the stage of checking and complementing.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1999

The Danish registers of causes of death.

In 1875 registration of causes of death in Denmark was established by the National Board of Health, and annual statistics of death have since been published. Until 1970 the national statistics were based upon punched cards with data collected from the death certificates. Since then the register has been fully computerized and includes individual based data of all deaths occurring among all residents in Denmark dying in Denmark. Furthermore, a microfilm of all death certificates from 1943 and onward is kept in the National Board of Health. The Danish Institute for Clinical Epidemiology (DICE) has established a computerized register of individual records of deaths in Denmark from 1943 and onwards. No other country covers computerized individual based data of death registration for such a long period, now 54 years. This paper describes the history of the registers, the data sources and access to data, and the research based upon the registers, presenting some examples of research activities.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Electronic medical records: medical and legal aspects, privacy, safety, and legal validity].

Medical records must collect all data concerning in-hospital management of patients: data have to be verified and easily retrievable. Clinicians are responsible for both format and content of medical records. Respect of patient's privacy must be made sure both during on-line management and long-term storage of records. Computerization can offer many advantages to clinicians, but needs some significant adjustments: training and motivation of operators, arrangement of clinical processes and of administrative rules to technological developments. Nevertheless, some important results can be afforded: standardization of procedures, distribution of univocal, verified and ubiquitous data to all concerned operators, protection against undesired retrieval, reliability of effective reports. Preliminary condition is a clinical local area network, widespread into the institution. Database implementation must follow well accepted methodology: flow chart design of data dictionary, standardization of data coding, input of verified data, effective reporting. Access to data must be controlled by sophisticated and sure password system. Back-up of data must be automatically available with adequate timing and methodology. Respect of rules on patient's privacy must be realized whenever possible. Complex clinical records should be made available, containing data, signals and images (both single frames and dynamic sequences), due to continuous technical progress of diagnostic tools. Medical records must be available for long periods of time: database engine and managing tools must be selected among well accepted and largely available producers; informatic assistance must be assured for management and evolution of systems over the years.

Computers↗