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PubMed2000

Infusional 5-fluorouracil in Cutaneous Leukaemia: a Novel Palliative Therapy in Haematological Malignancy; Malignancy.

We describe the management of a woman suffering from acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with cutaneous involvement. Following treatment with conventional chemotherapy she was in complete remission, but then suffered an isolated skin relapse. In order to limit side effects and myelotoxicity, an experimental therapy using a continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil was employed. This was completely successful in eradicating the skin lesions, the patient suffered no side effects and blood counts remained within normal limits throughout. Infusional 5FU may have a role in palliative therapy in haematological malignancy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Steroid receptor status in malignant and non-malignant larynx.

We investigated for the first time the relationships among all the different steroid receptor classes and between steroid receptor status and lymph node involvement in laryngeal carcinoma. Androgen (AR), oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were assayed in the high-speed soluble fraction and in the nuclear extract from 73 carcinomas of the larynx. Forty-one, 26, 15, and 13 tumours expressed cytosolic GR, ER, AR, and PR, respectively, while 33, 26, 13 and 13 biopsies were nuclear-positive for GR, ER, AR, and PR, respectively. Data obtained in histologically-proven non-cancerous larynx (N = 20) compared to those obtained in the malignant specimens showed a significant loss of ER and PR in cancerous larynx over that in the non-cancerous tissue. Lymph node metastases were evaluated in only 53 of the 73 patients and they were noted in 22 cases (41.5%). No significant relationships were found either among the different classes of steroid receptors or between steroid receptors and lymph node involvement. Despite the apparent absence of any interrelationships among the different receptors or tendency towards metastasis, the presence of steroid receptors would justify the use of hormonal manipulations which could be effective in the management of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Malignant epithelioid schwannoma of the skin. A low-grade neurotropic malignant melanoma?

We studied a polypoid cutaneous neoplasm excised from the left arm of a 23-year-old man by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a proliferation of round to oval epithelioid cells that were arranged in fascicles and showed a prominent perineural distribution. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of S-100 protein and vimentin within tumor cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated reduplication of basal lamina and abundant long-spacing collagen in intercellular spaces. The findings are consistent with a primary malignant epithelioid schwannoma of the skin. We discuss the relationship of this lesion with other neoplasms in the spectrum of tumors showing schwannian and melanocytic lines of differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Strengths and weaknesses of screening programmes for oral malignancies and potentially malignant lesions.

Screening for oral cancer is in an early stage of development. No randomized controlled trials have been undertaken to determine the impact of screening on mortality or even on interim outcomes such as incidence or down-staging. Until such data are available, mass screening for oral cancer is not recommended as public health policy. Case finding studies to identify individuals at risk because of life-style, and to detect potentially malignant oral mucosal changes followed by appropriate intervention may, however, reduce the future incidence of oral cancer. Where manpower is available, opportunistic screening focused on high-risk subjects may be beneficial.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Amelanotic malignant melanoma presenting as malignant schwannoma.

A 78-year-old woman presented with a 14-month history of a nodule on the sole of her left foot. It had been increasing in size, and had become ulcerated. Histological, immunochemical and ultrastructural studies of the primary tumour revealed melanocytic and Schwannian characteristics, and posed diagnostic difficulties. The final diagnosis of a malignant melanoma with Schwannian differentiation was established on the basis of the clinical course, with the development of metastases in the subcutis, lymph nodes, liver and brain, as well as a shift in differentiation of the metastases towards cells containing giant melanosomes, typical of melanoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

37 degrees CE rosettes in various malignant and non-malignant disorders.

T lymphocytes, forming sheep erythrocyte rosettes at 37 degrees C, have been described in thymus glands, mitogen and allogeneic cell stimulated lymphocyte cultures, and acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia. This paper describes the finding of such lymphocytes in lymph nodes of a variety of disorders including Hodgkin's disease, Lennert's lymphoma, malignant lymphoma of large transformed T lymphocytes, immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, metastatic carcinoma, and other disorders. A large number of tonsils, but not reactive lymph nodes, also contained a significant number of those T lymphocytes. The significance of these findings in relation to interpretation of immune red cell rosettes and to the subclasses of T lymphocytes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Primary malignant peripheral nerve tumors (malignant schwannomas). A clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study.

A clinicopath-logic and electron microscopic study was performed on 35 cases of primary malignant peripheral nerve tumors, among which 12 developed in association with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) and further 11 in keeping with anatomically discernible nerves in patients without neurofibromatosis. Depending upon the histologically predominant pattern, these tumors were subdivided into three groups: 23 compact spindle cell, 6 myxoid, and 6 epithelioid varieties of the tumor. The common ultrastructures in three of the 35 tumors were as follows: 1) The cell membranes manifested characteristic infoldings and lamellar configuation. 2) The tumor cell surfaces were coated by occasional basal lamina or homogeneously electron-dense membranous material. 3) The cytoplasms contained well-developed organelles and a few neurosecretory-type granules. Differential points from other soft-tissue sarcomas were briefly discussed on the histologic basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Trends in survival of childhood malignancy for the past three decades. I: Leukemia, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and neoplasms of the urinary and digestive organs. The Committee for the Studies of the Treatments and the Biological Characteristics of Childhood Cancers.

Survival of some types of childhood neoplasms has improved considerably but remained poor for other types. Improvement in survival rate of common types of childhood neoplasms over the past three decades was assessed at the largest children's hospital in Japan. Using the data of the cancer registry of the hospital which recorded all the patients from 1965 to 1993, totalling 1026 cases, survival rate was analyzed for each type of neoplasm categorized by the S-classification for childhood neoplasms, a modification of the International Classification of Diseases. Survival was assessed for five 5 year periods from 1965 and a 4 year period from 1990-93. The 5 year survival rate for all neoplasms combined improved from 21.8% in the 1965-69 period to 73.3% in the 1985-89 period. Female patients' survival was better than male patients' in all periods. The improvement in survival rate was considerable for leukemia and malignant lymphoma, fairly good for neoplasms of the renal (mostly Wilms' tumor) and digestive (mostly hepatoblastoma) organs and moderate for neuroblastoma. Overall, survival rates of childhood neoplasms improved considerably. Much of this improvement was explained by a great improvement in survival rates of neoplasms of the blood which constituted the majority of patients.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Primary eyelid malignant melanoma associated with primary conjunctival malignant melanoma.

Two patients presented with the unusual occurrence of isolated foci of malignant melanoma of the upper eyelid and ipsilateral inferior conjunctiva. Neither patient had clinical evidence of primary acquired conjunctival melanosis, but in one case there was histopathologic evidence of this condition. The clinical features, histopathologic findings, and possible significance of this unusual occurrence are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Blood B and T lymphocytes and in vitro cellular immune reactivity in untreated human malignant lymphomas and other malignant tumors.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their in vitro reactivity have been recorded prior to treatment in 18 patients with Hodgkins disease, 11 with lymposarcoma, 13 with reticulosarcoma, 20 with various solid tumors and 37 normal control persons. The mean total numbers of lymphocytes, those of T lymphocytes,and the mean reactivity to PHA and ConA were reduced in all groups except lymphosarcoma, although with varying degrees of statistical significance. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes appeared to be normal in all groups, but the ranges of values were somewhat greater than among the normal controls. The mean total numbers of B lymphocytes were normal in all patient groups. All reductions seemed to be more pronounced in patients with disseminated than in those with localized disease, but none of these differences was statistically significant. All patient groups appeared to have reduced reactivity in MLC, while the ability to stimulate control lymphocytes was nearly normal. The results fail to indicate an in vitro immunological abberation specific to Hodgkin's disease. It seems that human malignant, neoplastic diseases are associated with a relatively selective reduction of the total numbers and reactivity of blood T lymphocytes. Various explanations of the reactivity impairment are proposed. The pathogenesis of the reduction of the total number of blood T lymphocytes remains obscure.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Female fertility after cytotoxic therapy--protection of ovarian function during chemotherapy of malignant and non-malignant diseases.

Due to the dramatic improvements in cure and survival of young patients of reproductive age suffering from malignant or systemic disease, the preservation of fertility and ovarian function during cytostatic treatment has become of increased importance during the last decade. Pharmacological therapy with GnRH analogues and the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue are discussed in this context. The value of these treatment procedures and their potential clinical applications are critically reviewed in this article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical analysis of retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) expression in malignant and non-malignant liver diseases.

The retinoblastoma gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that undergoes cell cycle-dependent changes in its phosphorylation status. To analyze the expression of retinoblastoma gene product in the process of liver regeneration and the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, we studied immunohistochemically the expression of retinoblastoma gene product and DNA polymerase alpha (DPA) in 33 patients with various liver diseases. Only a few hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product were found in undamaged, nonregenerating liver tissues, whereas many hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product were detected in specimens of regenerating liver obtained from patients with acute or chronic liver diseases. Similarities were found between distribution patterns of hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product and those of hepatocytes positive for DPA, and a highly significant positive correlation was found between the number of hepatocyte nuclei stained for retinoblastoma gene product per 1000 nuclei examined (R-LI) and the number of hepatocyte nuclei stained for DPA per 1000 nuclei examined (D-LI) in tissues obtained from patients with nonmalignant liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells positive for DPA were detected in the 14 hepatocellular carcinoma specimens tested. In ten of these specimens, hepatocellular carcinoma cells positive for retinoblastoma gene product were found but not in the other four. For all hepatocellular carcinoma specimens, R-LI was proportional to D-LI. Thus in both nonmalignant and malignant liver, retinoblastoma gene product increased in proportion to proliferation of hepatocytes or hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Female genital tract malignancies during puberty. Uterine and cervical malignancies.

Malignancies of the uterine corpus are extremely rare. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should be performed according to oncological principles with individually adapted treatment regimes. Clinical cancer of the cervix is rare in adolescence; the treatment is radical surgery. Preclinical stages, that is, CIN III (severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ) and microinvasive cancer (stages Ia1, Ia2), are important, also because of their frequency. Diagnosis is based on colposcopy, cytology, direct biopsy, histological examination, and conization. In addition, virology (HPV) and DNA cytometry may become prognostic factors. Treatment consists of conization with an exact histological examination in serial sections as a basis for preserving the uterus. The sarcoma botryoides is localized in the cervix in adolescence, whereas it is in the vagina in infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Epstein-Barr virus in normal, pre-malignant, and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix.

AIM--To detect the presence or absence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cervical lesions ranging from normality to invasive malignancy. METHODS--Eighteen randomly selected cases of invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix were examined as well as 25 cases each of normal cervices and those showing cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II, and III. DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation, using a biotinylated probe to the Bam H1 "W" fragment of EBV, was carried out in addition to the polymerase chain reaction using specific primer sequences that flank a 153 base pair segment of the Bam H1 "W" region of the EBV genome and which do not cross-amplify other DNA herpes viruses. Positive control material included paraffin wax embedded P3 HR1 lymphoblastoid cells (containing high copy numbers of EBV) and two nasopharyngeal carcinomas positive for EBV. RESULTS--Neither normal nor CIN I tissue was positive. Eight per cent of CIN II tissue was positive; 8% of CIN III, and 43% of carcinomas were positive for EBV. CONCLUSION--The study shows that the virus is present in some cases of cervical carcinoma and to a lesser degree in some premalignant lesions of the cervix, but the exact association between it and cervical oncogenesis, be it causative or incidental, remains to be determined.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical spectrum of malignant lacrimal and salivary gland tumors, including malignant mixed tumors.

Ten malignant myoepithelial tumors of the salivary glands and one of lacrimal gland origin were studied by light, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The light microscopic appearance of the tumors varied from primarily spindle cell neoplasms (two cases), to others with predominantly epithelial components (four cases) and mixed varieties (five cases). Therefore, they can be confused with other epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. The electron microscopic spectrum varied from tumors with widespread and typical myoepithelial differentiation (i.e. myofilament bundles at the cell periphery, attachment plaques and intercellular junctions) to some with diffusely distributed filaments, without associated spindle densities but with attachment plaques, and others with evidence of duct formation and containing scattered cells showing intracytoplasmic tonofilaments. Often the tumors revealed mixed ultrastructural features; the relative numbers of the different cellular components was variable. The eleven neoplasms were S-100 protein, actin and keratin positive, either focally or diffusely, with varying degrees of intensity. Ten of the eleven tumors were positive for vimentin and nine of ten tested expressed carcinoembryonic antigen. Only two of nine were focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The study emphasizes the variable light microscopic appearances of these neoplasms and their immunocytochemical and ultrastructural spectrum. Accurate determination of myoepithelial differentiation sometimes requires careful evaluation of the light, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical findings. If all three diagnostic modalities are not utilized, it is likely that some of these neoplasms will be improperly classified.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1977

A modified leucocyte migration assay as indicator of malignant and non-malignant gastric mucosal alteration.

When gastric cancer patients' leucocytes were exposed to a panel of tumour extracts, leucocyte migration reactivity was "positive" before operation (90% of cases), it declined after surgery and it reappeared in patients with local recurrence or metastases. In patients with non-malignant gastric diseases, "positive" reactivity against tumour extracts was associated almost exclusively with atrophic gastritis with and without intestinal metaplasia (24/43 cases). "Positive" patients also showed a pathological migration index with an extract of normal gastric mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Anemia in malignant tumors. Loss of circulating transferrin due to lysosomal storage in human and rat malignant tumors].

The cellular uptake of 67Ga-labelled transferrin was studied in the carcinoma of the human respiratory tract and in the Morris hepatoma 5123 C of the rat. In both types of tumors a positive tumor imaging by 67Ga-transferrin scintigraphy was evident. The intracellular distribution pattern of the radioactivity showed that the incorporated 67Ga-transferrin is accumulated within the lysosomes of the tumors. The uptake of 67Ga-transferrin by the tumor cells resulted in a faster disappearance of the tracer from the blood. The accelerated disappearance of 67Ga-transferrin from the blood showed a direct correlation to the mass of tumor cells. The loss of circulating 67Ga-transferrin from the blood showed a close parallelism to the grade of the anemia observed in the tumor bearing rats. We conclude from these findings that the uptake of transferrin into the tumor cells is one of the factors which are responsible for the anemia observed in malignant diseases.

Aged↗