SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “morphometry”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Visual receptor cycle in normal and period mutant Drosophila: microspectrophotometry, electrophysiology, and ultrastructural morphometry.

Visual pigment, sensitivity, and rhabdomere size were measured throughout a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle in Drosophila. Visual pigment and sensitivity were measured during subsequent constant darkness [dark/dark (D/D)]. MSP (microspectrophotometry) and the ERG (electroretinogram) revealed a cycling of visual pigment and sensitivity, respectively. A visual pigment decrease of 40% was noted at 4 h after light onset that recovered 2-4 h later in white-eyed (otherwise wild-type, w per+) flies. The ERG sensitivity [in w per+ flies in light/dark (L/D)] decreased by 75% at 4 h after light onset, more than expected if mediated by visual pigment (MSP) changes alone. ERG sensitivity begins decreasing 8 h before light onset while decreases in visual pigment begin 2 h after light onset. These cycles continue in constant darkness (D/D), suggesting a circadian rhythm. White-eyed period (per) mutants show similar cycles of visual pigment level and sensitivity in L/D; per's alterations, if any on the D/D cycles were subtle. The cross-sectional areas of rhabdomeres in w per+ were measured using electron micrographic (EM) morphometry. Area changed little through the L/D cycle.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Design of cerebellar and nontegmental rhombencephalic microvascular bed in the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus: a scanning electron microscope and 3D morphometry study of vascular corrosion casts.

The design of the microvasculature of cerebellum and nontegmental rhombencephalic areas was studied in eight adult Acipenser ruthenus L. by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and three-dimensional morphometry. Gross vascularization was described and diameters and total branching angles of parent and daughter vessels of randomly selected arterial and capillary bifurcations (respectively, venous mergings) were measured. With diameters ranging from 15.9 +/- 1.9 microm (cerebellum; mean +/- S.D.) to 15.9 +/- 1.7 mm (nontegmental rhombencephalon; mean +/- S.D.) capillaries in Acipenser were significantly (p > or = .05) smaller than in cyclostomes (18-20 microm) but significantly thicker than in higher vertebrates and men (6-8 microm). With the exception of the area ratio beta (i.e., sum of squared daugther diameters divided by squared diameter of parent vessel) of the venular mergings in the nontegmental rhombencephalon, no significant differences (p > or = .05) existed between the two brain areas. Data showed that arteriolar and capillary bifurcations and venular mergings are optimally designed in respect to diameters of parent vessel to daughter vessels and to branching (merging) angles. Quantitative data are discussed both in respect to methodical pitfalls and the optimality principles possibly underlying the design of vascular bifurcations/mergings in selected brain areas of a nonteleost primitive actinopterygian fish.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Spectrally resolved morphometry of the nucleus in hepatocytes stained by four histological methods.

A novel concept of spectrally resolved morphometry for histological specimens was developed using light microscopy combined with spectrally resolved imaging. The spectroscopic characteristics of rat hepatocytes stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin, Romanowsky-Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome were assessed. Light intensity in the range 450-850 nm was recorded from 10000 pixels of nuclear domains of each stained cell and represented as light transmittance spectra and optical density. In order to identify spectral shifts caused by stain-macromolecule interactions, we compared the spectra of individual stain components with those of DNA and bovine serum albumin. Chromatin and interchromatin areas were classified spectrally using a chosen spectral library followed by morphometric calculations of nuclear domains for each staining method. The spectral fingerprints of Masson's trichrome stain distinguished the nucleolus from the rest of the nuclear chromatin, enabling the demarcation and calculation of the nucleolar area. Spectrally resolved imaging of human hepatocytes stained by Masson's trichrome stain revealed marked differences between the nucleolar area in normal human hepatocytes compared with hepatocellular carcinoma. Masson's trichrome stain also distinguished the nucleolar area in human breast carcinoma cells and keratinocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

MRI morphometry of mamillary bodies, caudate nuclei, and prefrontal cortices after chemotherapy for childhood leukemia: multivariate models of early and late developing memory subsystems.

Neurotoxic intrathecal chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects developing structures and functions of memory and learning subsystems selectively. Results show significant reductions in magnetic resonance imaging morphometry of mamillary bodies, components of the corticolimbic-diencephalic subsystem subserving functionally later developing, single-trial memory, nonsignificant changes in bilateral heads of the caudate nuclei, components of the corticostriatal subsystem subserving functionally earlier developing, multitrial learning, significant reductions in prefrontal cortical volume, visual and verbal single-trial memory deficits, and visuospatial, but not verbal, multitrial learning deficits. Multiple regression models provide evidence for partial dissociation and connectivity between the subsystems, and suggest that greater involvement of caudate may compensate for inefficient corticolimbic-diencephalic components.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Morphometry of the renal corpuscle during postnatal growth and compensatory hypertrophy.

Morphometry was used to measure the growth changes in renal corpuscle and glomerular size and composition in outer, middle, and inner cortical layers during postnatal development in normal and mononephrectomized rats. Glomerular growth was 4.16-fold in normal rats and 6.12-fold after nephrectomy. The cell populations in glomeruli showed distinctly different growth patterns. Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia during normal growth were 2.72 and 1.52 for epithelial cells, 0.93 and 3.70 for endothelial cells, and 1.28 and 2.65 for mesangial cells; corresponding values during stimulated growth were 2.75 and 1.92, 1.19 and 4.11, and 1.65 and 3.09. A linear transcortical gradient of corpuscle diameters was found in young animals and normal adults, with the mean volume of juxtamedullary renal corpuscles two times greater than that of subcapsular corpuscles in all animal groups. Despite their size variation, a striking transcortical uniformity was evident in the composition of glomeruli in each group with respect to the volume fractions and mean cell volume in each cell population, the volume and surface density of basement membrane, the volume and length density of capillary loops, the volume fraction of mesangial matrix, and the division of basement membrane into peripheral and axial portions.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Prognostic value of nuclear morphometry in patients with TNM stage T1 ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma.

In 40 patients with TNM stage T1 ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma, we used nuclear morphometry to study the relations among morphometric variables, clinical prognostic factors and outcome. The presence of one or more giant nuclear cells was positively associated with death (OR = 10.6, P = 0.02) and tended to be associated with disease recurrence (OR = 5.1, P = 0.07). Nuclear irregularity (expressed in terms of the nuclear roundness factor) was positively associated with both death (OR = 8.6, P = 0.02) and disease recurrence (OR = 8.2, P = 0.02). A combination of giant nuclear cell presence or nuclear irregularity proved to be a useful prognostic indicator, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 71% in the prediction of death, and 75% and 71% in the prediction of disease recurrence. Patients' age and substage were of no prognostic value. We conclude that the nuclear morphometric characteristics, especially the presence of giant nuclear cells and nuclear irregularity, may be useful in predicting outcome in patients with early stage ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2006

Brain morphometry and cognitive performance in detoxified alcohol-dependents with preserved psychosocial functioning.

The extent of structural brain damage and related cognitive deficits has been little described in alcohol-dependent individuals with preserved social functioning. Thus, we investigated the relationship between regional alterations, executive performance, and drinking history. Volumes of gray and white matter were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry in healthy men and in detoxified alcohol-dependent men with good psychosocial functioning. Their executive performance was assessed using neuropsychological tests. Regression analyses were carried out in the regions in which volume differences were detected. Decreases in gray matter were detected bilaterally in alcohol-dependents in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (up to 20% lower), and to a lesser extent in the temporal cortex, insula, thalamus, and cerebellum. Decreases in white matter volume were widespread, being up to 10% in corpus callosum. The degradation of neuropsychological performance correlated with gray matter volume decreases in the frontal lobe, insula, hippocampus, thalami and cerebellum, and with white matter decrease in the brainstem. An early age at first drinking was associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the cerebellum, brainstem (pons), and frontal regions. Regional alteration in gray and white matter volume was associated with impairment of executive function despite preserved social and somatic functioning in detoxified patients. Besides involving frontal regions, these findings are consistent with a cerebello-thalamo-cortical model of impaired executive functions in alcohol-dependent individuals.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2001

Oesophageal morphometry and residual strain in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Recently, it was demonstrated in the oesophagus that the zero-stress state is not a closed cylinder but an open circular cylindrical sector. The closed cylinder with no external loads applied is called the no-load state and residual strain is the difference in strain between the no-load state and the zero-stress state. To understand the physiology and pathology of the oesophagus, it is necessary to know the zero-stress state and the stress-strain relationships of the tissues in the oesophagus, and the changes of these states and relationships due to biological remodelling of the tissues under stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and biomechanical remodelling at the no-load and zero-stress states in mutant osteogenesis imperfecta murine (oim) mice with collagen deficiency. The oesophagi of seven oim and seven normal wild-type mice were excised, cleaned, and sectioned into rings in an organ bath containing calcium-free Krebs solution with dextran and EGTA. The rings were photographed in the no-load state and cut radially to obtain the zero-stress state. Equilibrium was awaited for 30 min and the specimens were photographed again. Circumferences, submucosa and muscle layer thicknesses and areas, and the opening angle were measured from the digitized images. The oesophagi in oim mice had smaller layer thicknesses and areas compared to the wild types. The largest reduction in layer thickness in oim mice was found in the submucosa (approximately 36%). Oim mice had significantly larger opening angles (120.2 +/- 4.5 degrees ) than wild-type mice (93.0 +/- 11.2 degrees ). The residual strain was compressive at the mucosal surface and tensile at the serosal surface in both oim and wild types. In the oim mice, the residual strains at the serosal and mucosal surfaces and the mucosa-submucosal-muscle layer interface were higher than in the wild types (P < 0.05). The gradient of residual strain per unit thickness was higher in oim mice than in wild-type mice, and was highest in submucosa (P < 0.05). The only morphometric measure that was similar in oim and wild-type mice was the inner circumference in the no-load state. In conclusion, our data show significant differences in the residual strain distribution and morphometry between oim mice and wild-type mice. The data suggest that the residual stress in oesophagus is caused by the tension in the muscle layer rather than the stiffness of the submucosa in compression and that the remodelling process in the oim oesophagus is due mainly to morphometric and biomechanical alterations in the submucosa.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Morphometry of the thoracic spine in German shepherd dog: a computed tomographic study.

Computed tomographic images of the thoracic spine of 13 German shepherd dogs were examined in order to determine the thoracic spine morphometry. Examinations were carried out in the transverse plane both intervertebral and mid-vertebral levels of the each thoracic vertebrae. The dorsoventral and interpedicular diameters of the spinal canal, the dorsoventral and transverse diameters of the vertebral body, the dorsoventral and transverse diameters of the spinal cord and also the cross-section area of the spinal canal were measured. The maximum values were found to be at the level of C7-T1. The shapes of the spinal canal and cord were circular in middle part, the shape became transverse oval in the cranial and caudal parts of the thoracic spine. The most significant correlation between the diameters was found to be in male dogs, except between dorsoventral diameters of the spinal canal and that of the vertebral body and between dorsoventral diameters of the spinal canal and transverse diameters of the vertebral body.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Proliferative activity, angiogenesis and nuclear morphometry in renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic parameters other than tumor stage and grade are essential for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and nuclear morphometry in predicting the biological aggressiveness of RCC. METHODS: Surgical specimens of 70 patients with RCC were investigated by conventional histology, Ki-67 immunostaining and stereological assessment of angiogenesis and mean nuclear volume. RESULTS: There was no difference in disease-specific survival with respect to sex, age and histopathological type (except sarcomatoid and other types). The survival was significantly lower and the chance of metastases was higher in the group with higher proliferative activity (P=0.007). There was no relation between angiogenesis, mean nuclear volume, stage and survival. There was a significant relation between both Fuhrman and WHO grades, tumor stage and survival. Histopathological type, grade, angiogenesis and mean nuclear volume failed to predict recurrences and/or metastases. In multivariate analysis, only TNM stage and proliferative activity were found to be independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to tumor grade and stage, proliferative activity of a given RCC may have the potential to identify patients with an impaired prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Morphology, morphometry and probability mapping of the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus: an in vivo MRI analysis.

The pars opercularis occupies the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Electrical stimulation or damage of this region interferes with language production. The present study investigated the morphology and morphometry of the pars opercularis in 108 normal adult human cerebral hemispheres by means of magnetic resonance imaging. The brain images were transformed into a standardized proportional steoreotaxic space (i.e. that of Talairach and Tournoux) in order to minimize interindividual brain size variability. There was considerable variability in the shape and location of the pars opercularis across brains and between cerebral hemispheres. There was no significant difference or correlation between left and right hemisphere grey matter volumes. There was also no significant difference between sex and side of asymmetry of the pars opercularis. A probability map of the pars opercularis was constructed by averaging its location and extent in each individual normalized brain into Talairach space to aid in localization of activity changes in functional neuroimaging studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Comparative skeletal muscle fibre morphometry among wild birds with different locomotor behaviour.

Six muscles of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), the common coot (Fulica atra) and the yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans) were analysed morphometrically, with special emphasis on their functional implications and physiological needs. Oxidative fibres always had significantly smaller size than anaerobic fibres, although no differences in the number of capillaries per fibre were found. This resulted in greater capillary counts per unit of fibre area and perimeter in oxidative than anaerobic fibres, which indicates that the greater demand for oxygen supply may be achieved by decreasing the size of the muscle fibre rather than by increasing the number of associated capillaries. Fast oxidative fibres of the pectoralis and the triceps of the gull had greater sizes than the fast oxidative fibres of the mallard and the coot, which correlates with the difference in energetic demands between flapping and gliding flight. Greater fibre cross-sectional areas and perimeters seem suited to afford the long-lasting activity with low metabolic demands required during gliding. By contrast, mallards and coots attain a high oxidative metabolism, during sustained flapping flight, by reducing fibre size at the expense of a diminished ability for force generation. Between-species comparisons of the hindlimb muscles only yielded differences for the anaerobic fibres of the gastrocnemius, as an important adaptive response to force generation during burst locomotion. The need to manage sustained swimming abilities effectively may result in similar FOG fibre morphometry of the hindlimb muscles studied, indicating that a compromise between the oxygen flux to the muscle cell and the development of power is highly optimised in oxidative fibres of the bird species studied.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

A new approach to the histologic study of ovarian tumors by analytical morphometry.

In recent years, borderline epithelial tumors of the ovary have been investigated by morphometric techniques to allow for a differential diagnosis from benign and malignant neoplasms. In order to enhance this discriminant power, we have applied a new analytical procedure to the evaluation of the nuclear shape in epithelial ovarian tumors. Sixty nuclei of benign ovarian serous neoplasms, 60 nuclei of serous borderline tumors and 60 nuclei of serous carcinomas (18 cases in all) were examined using the software system SAM (Shape Analytical Morphometry). The morphometric procedure consisted of three different phases: (i) extraction of nuclear fundamental curve: this is a function curve giving the smoothing of the original contour by two parametric equations (separately for x and y values as dependent variables); (ii) evaluation of nuclear contour irregularities by Fourier analysis; (iii) evaluation of nuclear shape asymmetry by SAE (Shape Asymmetry Evaluator): this is the ratio between the length of a segment of a parabola interpolating the original curve points and a straight line joining its extremities for a 180 degrees barycentric rotation according 10 degrees steps. All the obtained independent parameters were submitted to statistical analysis. Nuclei of borderline tumors showed dimensional parameters which were intermediate between those of benign and malignant tumors. Both the asymmetry and the irregularities of nuclear contour were greatest in carcinomas.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

Nuclear morphometry and DNA flow cytometry as prognostic methods for endometrial carcinoma.

In a series of 227 women with endometrial carcinoma stages I-IV the prognostic value of nuclear morphometry and DNA analysis was evaluated prospectively. The tumors were also classified according to histologic subtype, degree of differentiation (FIGO), and nuclear grade. The DNA analysis (ploidy and S-phase fraction) was made using flow cytometry on fresh-frozen tissue. The morphometric measurements and the grading of the tumors were done on both fresh-frozen tissue and on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. The rate of recurrence for the complete series was 14% with 2.2% vaginal metastases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 68% and the corrected survival rate 76%. The minimum nuclear diameter and the standard deviation (SD) of the maximum nuclear diameter were significant and independent prognostic variables in a Cox multivariate analysis when analyzed on paraffin-embedded tissue. The nuclear grade was the single most prognostically informative variable. A corresponding analysis on fresh-frozen tissue showed that the S-phase fraction and the FIGO grading of the tumor were significant variables. The morphometric variables and the nuclear grading were non-significant prognostic variables. Morphologic changes in tumor cell nuclei during the freezing and thawing procedures may explain the loss of prognostic information. A combination of DNA index (fresh-frozen tissue) and the mean values of the shortest nuclear diameter and the SD of the longest diameter (paraffin-embedded tissue) gave the best prognostic information vis-a-vis cancer-related death in an all-possible-subsets regression analysis.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Small intestine growth and morphometry in piglets weaned at 7 days of age. effects of level of energy intake.

Two trials involving a total of 56 pigs were conducted to examine the effects of weaning at 7 d of age (trial 1) and of energy intake level and length of post-weaning underfeeding period (trial 2) on small intestinal (SI) development and morphometry. At 3 d after weaning, weight of the SI and mucosa (g/kg body weight) and villous height along SI were reduced by 20, 36 and 41%, respectively, compared to the day of weaning. Intestinal morphometrical changes are dependent on SI site and days post-weaning. Villous atrophy on d 3 and recovery on d 14 post-weaning were greater and occurred earlier in the proximal than in the medial and distal SI. Villous height was dependent on the level of energy intake which explains 56% of the variations in proximal SI villous height in weaned pigs and 73% when data of the sow-reared pigs were included in the analysis. Moreover, after 4 d of refeeding, underfed piglets showed similar villous characteristics to piglets fed a continuously high feeding level after weaning stressing that capacities of intestinal restoration were not affected by the length of the post-weaning underfeeding period. Overall, the present results suggest a spatial and temporal effect of weaning on villous atrophy and recovery, and that the level of energy intake is a major factor accounting for the post-weaning villous height.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

The genetic contribution to hip joint morphometry and relationship to hip cartilage thickness.

A twin study approach was used to explore the genetic determinants of hip joint morphometry and their relationship to hip cartilage thickness. Our analysis used data on anthropometric characteristics and radiographic features of a group of 222 monozygotic (MZ) and 240 dizygotic (DZ) twins. We confirmed that genetic factors account for most of the variation in minimal joint space (MJS) and acetabular anatomy. This genetic variation was largely due to factors unique to MJS itself and not explained by anthropometric variables or measurements of acetabular morphology. Only a small proportion was shared with genetic factors underlying acetabular shape, mainly the centre edge angle.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Characterization of tissue components in the temporomandibular joint disc and posterior disc attachment region: internal derangement and control autopsy specimens compared by morphometry.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to morphologically investigate the occurrence of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and blood vessels in the tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc, the intermediate zone, and the posterior disc attachment region in control autopsy specimens and to compare the results with those observed in corresponding tissues from patients with TMJ internal derangement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: First, 20 bilateral TMJ disc specimens from selected autopsy cases were analyzed by conventional morphometry. Thus, the volume density of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and blood vessels was determined. Second, the obtained results from the right joint of the autopsy disc specimens were compared with 12 TMJ disc specimens obtained at surgery from patients with internal derangement. RESULTS: The tissue compartments of interest (disc, intermediate zone, and posterior disc attachment region) were identified unequivocally in all specimens. None of the autopsy cases showed any significant difference between the right and left joints or related to gender. The only variable that differed between autopsy and patient specimens was volume density of blood vessels, which was higher in patient specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the volume density of blood vessels was significantly higher in the posterior disc attachment region in patient specimens than in autopsy controls. Whether this reflects a role for vessels in the pathogenesis of TMJ internal derangement or merely is a reaction to another type of injury remains to be settled. In both the autopsy control and patient specimens, chondrocytes and fibroblasts were characteristic for disc respective posterior disc attachment region. Thus it appears that the occurrence of these cells can be used to distinguish TMJ disc from posterior disc attachment in small biopsy specimens.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

A method of assessing female breast morphometry and its clinical application.

A series of reproducible measurements have been developed with reference to a single midline datum that describe the position of key landmarks on the female breast. Measurements were made on a 'normal' population of 60 subjects content with their breast shape in order to (1) produce 'normal' reference data for breast shape in a population of varying weight and height; and (2) to evaluate factors which may influence the measurements. The findings show that the vertical positions of the measurements migrate inferiorly with increasing age. With increasing weight, the landmarks (except the medial end of the inframammary crease) migrate inferolaterally. Areolar diameter decreases with increasing age and increases with increasing weight. Only one of the 12 bilateral breast measurement parameters shows a significant mean difference between the right and left breast. However, in a proportion of subjects, individual measurements show fluctuating asymmetry. Subsequently, measurements were made of the breasts of women attending with requests for either reduction (n = 25) or augmentation (n = 6) mammaplasty. Compared with the 'normal' population, the group requesting reduction mammaplasty differed significantly in the majority of measurements. The group of patients requesting breast augmentation showed fewer differences compared with the 'normal' population. The average BMI of women requesting augmentation mammaplasty was significantly less and that of women requesting reduction mammaplasty significantly greater than the normal population. In conclusion, a simple and reproducible method of morphometric measurement of the female breast is described. Application of this method suggests that patients requesting reduction or augmentation mammaplasty on the NHS represent a significant deviation from 'normal' morphometry and do not simply have a subjective distortion of their own body image.

Adolescent↗