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PubMed1979

[Efficacy of plasma substitutes of different molecular weight in acute haemorrhagic shock in dogs (author's transl)].

Dogs were bled into haemorrhagic shock. They were then given isovolaemic infusions of dextran 60 and 40 and of hydroxyethyl starch with an average molecular weight of 200,000 and 40,000 respectively with a view of assessing the haemodynamic efficacy of these plasma substitutes. Solutions of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES 400) were retained in the circulation for about the same length of time as was dextran 60. HES 40 (molecular weight 40,000) was retained for about 3-4 hours as measured by cardiac output. For normalizing a relative hypovolaemia, e.g. during anaesthesia or in some emergencies, colloidal plasma substitutes which will be retained for only a short time are entirely satisfactory.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

[Results of experimental animal studies on pervascular influences of indwelling intravasal catheters upon free tissue grafts (author's transl)].

Free tissue grafting procedures were performed on sixteen experimental animals on the basis of previously described experiments (first communication). The objective of finding a suitable operating method for pervascular perfusion of epidermal grafts in animal experiments has been accomplished. At the same time, several possible ways of objectifying the results of blood gas analyses, temperature measurements, colorimetric determinations, and histological studies were subjected to tests.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical application of epinephrine during bronchoscopy in barbiturate-halothane-anaesthesia and its influence on cardiac action.

Since the introduction of halothane as an anaesthetic there have been several reports about cardiac arrhythmias during application of epinephrine in combination with halothane. This complication was also reported when epinephrine was used as local haemostyptic. We describe the effect of topical epinephrine upon cardiac action during bronchoscopy in barbiturate-halothane-anaesthesia. 21 patients with an average age of 66.4 years underwent bronchoscopy mainly because of suspect bronchial carcinoma, they were monitored by lead I ECG and blood gas analysis was carried out repeatedly. Immediately following biopsies, sponses with epinephrine solution 1:1000 were applied to the bronchial mucosa - the average epinephrine dose of these sponges was 0.12 mgs as calculated before by weighting. During this procedure we could not observe significant cardiac arrhythmias following epinephrine application. We conclude this to be the result of limited dosage and maintenance of adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Thus, epinephrine can be used as a local haemostyptic during bronchoscopy in halothane anaesthesia without significant risk when the above described precautions are observed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Species differences in the chronotropic response to acid-base alterations.

The chronotropic response to acid-base alterations was studied in isolated spontaneously beating atria of rat, cat and rabbit. In the three species, atrial rate was found to be dependent on extracellular pH. Both "respiratory" and "metabolic" alterations affected chronotropism to the same extent. Decreasing pH from 7.8 led to a decrease in rate in the three species, although the rabbit kept atrial rate constant when pH changed between 7.65 and 7.18. There was a curvilinear relationship between rate and pH so that decreasing pH from 7.8 to 7.4 had a lesser chronotropic effect than decreasing pH below 7.4. However, when atrial rate was plotted against hydrogen ion concentration, an almost linear relationship was obtained. Species differences were observed when assessing the absolute decrease of atrial rate for a given change in pH. The rat was the most responsive of the species tested, while the rabbit possessed the least ability to change its rate in response to modifications in pH.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

The influence of protease inhibitor on the progress of bronchial asthma.

Trasylol in a single dose 100000 i.u. was administered intravenously to 22 patients suffering from bronchial asthma. Pulmonary function was evaluated by the subjects self-comfort, physical examination, spirometric measurements (VC, FEV1, FEV1%, MCBind.) and blood gas analysis (pH PCO2, PO2, SaO2). In half of the patients after Trasylol administration, a diminished dyspnoea and bronchospasm were observed. Analysis of blood gases indicated some decrease of PCO2, and an increase of PO2 and pH. In spirometric study no statistically significant differences, either before or after Trasylol administration, were noticed. Trasylol treatment may be applied for asthmatic patients especially those with severe disturbances in gas exchange.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in partial pressures of gases and of pH in the arterial blood of hypocapnic and hypercapnic subjects subjected to oxygen therapy].

The behaviour of partial tensions of respiratory gases and pH in the arterial blood was evaluated in anoxiaemic and hypercapnic (1st group) and hypo-eucapnic (IInd group) subjects undergoing oxygen therapy. The following phenomena were observed: 1) normalization in paO2 values in both groups; 2) statistically significant diminution in paCO2, especially as regards hypercapnic subjects; 3) statistically significant diminution in blood pH; 4) statistically significant diminution in bicarbonates. In the light of these findings, it is considered that other variables, such as the electrolytes, might play an important role in pH diminution during oxygen therapy and that further research should be carried out to look into the possibility.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

[Absorption and metabolism of glycerin in the neonatal period. I. Speed of turnover of glycerin during continuous intravenous infusions in newborn infants of various gestational ages and in older infants].

Glycerol was infused intravenously over 2 hours in preterm and term appropriate-for-date and in term small-for-date infants at the age of 12 to 72 hours and 10 to 14 days and in infants at the age of 3 to 8 months. The dosage was 0.25.kg-1.h-1 and 0.5.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Less than 6 per cent of the glycerol injused were recovered in the urine irrespective of the dosage. The total clearance was 9.1 to 14.6 ml.kg-1. min-1 during the first weeks of life with 0.25 g.kg-1.h-1 glycerol irrespective of gestational age and intra-uterine growth retardation; and it rose to 31.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 in older infants. With 0.5.kg-1.h-1 glycerol the total clearance values were lower in all groups. The glucose blood level and the blood lactate concentration as well as the parameters of the acid-base-balance were not significantly influenced by glycerol.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗