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Results for “Compartment Syndromes”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Orbital compartment syndrome caused by intraorbital bacitracin ointment after endoscopic sinus surgery.

PURPOSE: To present an unusual case of orbital compartment syndrome after endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: Acute proptosis, chemosis, decreased vision, and ophthalmoplegia were found immediately after endoscopic sinus surgery. Ophthalmologic evaluation showed a tense orbit, and intraocular pressure increased to 54 mm Hg. Treatment was initiated and the intraocular pressure dropped. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of bacitracin ointment in the orbit. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmic complications after sinus surgery are well identified. Postoperative orbital compartment syndrome may be caused by retrobulbar hemorrhage, edema, air (emphysema), or foreign material. In this case, the findings were caused by inadvertent injection of bacitracin ointment into the orbit.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Chronic compartment syndrome of the lower leg: a new diagnostic method using near-infrared spectroscopy and a new technique of endoscopic fasciotomy.

A 19-year-old female basketball player had chronic compartment syndrome. During basketball playing, she complained of bilateral lower leg pain that disappeared after several minutes of rest. The intracompartmental pressure in the anterior compartment was 41 mm Hg on the right side and 29 mm Hg on the left side immediately after playing. Prolonged ischemia of the anterior compartment was observed in comparison with four normal controls using near-infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging also revealed that the anterior compartment was mainly affected. Endoscopic fasciotomy was performed using an arthroscope, a transparent outer tube, and a retrograde blade. After the operation, her symptoms disappeared. Three months postoperatively, the anterior compartment pressure decreased and prolonged tissue ischemia improved. Endoscopic fasciotomy allowed us to cut the fascia safely and less invasively. We concluded that this technique is useful in treating chronic compartment syndrome in the anterior compartment of the lower leg.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent compartment syndrome in the posterior thigh. Report of a case.

Recurrent compartment syndromes of the lower extremity, which usually occur in conjunction with intense use of muscle groups, can be briefly defined as an uncomfortable circulatory disturbance associated with a pathologic increase in total intramuscular pressure. This syndrome has been reported in each of the four compartments of the leg but not in the thigh. Characteristic features of clinical presentation and physical examination are reviewed in this report. We have found that an intracompartmental pressure test (Whitesides Jr, TE, Haney TC, Morimoto K, et al: Tissue pressure measurements as a determinant for the need of fasciotomy. Clin Orthop 113: 43-51, 1975) is an invaluable diagnostic aid. A case involving the medial hamstring groups, with characteristic historical presentation, intracompartmental pressure elevation, and excellent response to fasciotomy, is presented and discussed. The only effective treatment in this case was fasciotomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Exercise pain in the lower leg. Chronic compartment syndrome and medial tibial syndrome.

The aetiology of pain in the lower leg during exercise has been studied in 110 athletes by monitoring intracompartmental pressure during exercise and by technetium bone scans. Patients were assigned to three diagnostic groups: chronic compartment syndrome, medial tibial syndrome and those with non-specific findings. Our results indicate that subcutaneous fasciotomy of the affected compartment(s) is the treatment of choice for chronic compartment syndrome. The treatment of patients with medial tibial syndrome, either by operation or conservatively, has been unsuccessful; non-specific symptoms have been treated conservatively with success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Compartment syndrome: a quantitative study of high-energy phosphorus compounds using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the intracellular high-energy phosphate compounds during 6 hours of tissue ischemia in the anterior tibial compartment of beagles subjected to an induced traumatized compartment syndrome. The goal of this work was to provide clinicians with objective criteria to augment clinical judgment regarding surgical intervention in the impending compartment syndrome. A beagle model was utilized in which the Delta pressure (difference between the mean arterial pressure and compartment pressure) could be controlled. The model, in conjunction with 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), allowed a measure of high-energy phosphate compounds and pH in the compartment at various Delta pressures. The extent of ischemic metabolic insult in the compartment was then quantitated. Our data suggest the following: 1) lower Delta pressures result in a proportionally greater drop in the intracellular phosphocreatine ratio and pH; 2) at lower Delta pressures, there is proportionally greater decline in the percentage recovery post-fasciotomy; 3) blood pressure is extremely important and periods of hypotension may result in increased muscle damage at lower compartment pressures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The use of pulse oximetry in the compartment syndrome].

After conservative therapy of a left-sided radius fracture a 14-year-old patient developed a compartment syndrome; within 24 h, that required immediate surgical intervention. Despite palpable peripheral pulsation of the radial and ulnar arteries, it was not possible to measure the arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry on the forefinger and fifth finger of the left hand, so that a compartment syndrome due to a disorder of perfusion could be diagnosed. After fasciotomy, it became possible to measure the oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry as well as plethysmographic visualization of the pulse curve. In this case pulse oximetry confirmed the indication for surgical intervention and immediately demonstrated its success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Upper limb compartment syndromes: a complication of malignant hyperthermia in a patient with ill-defined myopathy.

We report a case of compartment syndrome complicating malignant hyperthermia (MH) in a 12-yr-old girl with a history of myopathy and multiple skeletal deformities; she underwent bilateral Achilles tendon surgery. Marked oedema of both forearms became evident in the immediate postoperative period and resolved after conservative treatment. Compartment syndrome is a rare complication of MH. Early recognition and therapy may prevent the onset of muscle ischaemia and distal neurovascular deficit. The need for urgent surgery and repeated anaesthesia in the early phase of recovery from an acute episode of MH may thus be reduced.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

[Compartment syndrome: a complication of lithotomy position].

Urological operations are commonly performed in the lithotomy position. A rare, but serious, complication is the compartment syndrome, which can result in neurovascular damage and permanent disability or limb loss. We describe two cases of compartment syndrome. One arose after transurethral resection of the prostate, and the other after an operation to change a transsexual patient from man to woman. The literature is reviewed, and the causes of the syndrome and possible ways of preventing serious consequences to the patients affected are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Acute compartment syndrome of the anterior thigh caused by muscular overexertion].

The object of this paper is to describe the problems of acute compartments syndromes, caused by muscular overexertion (in this case in the thigh) by a case report. Besides the description of the causes a potential pathomechanism in acute compartment syndrome, the authors discuss diagnostics, therapy and complications of these syndromes with due regard to the relevant scientific publications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

The vascular pattern of the human dorsal root ganglion and its probable bearing on a compartment syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive anatomic investigation of the vasculature of the dorsal root ganglions. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the blood supply of the various spinal ganglions is sufficiently consistent to derive a "generic" description and illustration that would be applicable to all spinal levels, and to ascertain whether this vascular pattern is inherently predisposed to the development of a closed compartment syndrome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The few previous descriptions of spinal ganglionic vasculature do not include photographic evidence showing uniformity in the arterial distribution plan at all ganglionic levels. The venous drainage, although verbally reconstructed from microscopic sections, lacks any indication of its probable role in the etiology of a compartment syndrome. METHODS: Three perinatal cadavers received latex/India ink injections, and their removed radiculomedullary systems were cleared, transilluminated, and macroscopically photographed. Paravertebral sections were grossly removed from the spines of two adult anatomic cadavers and received retrograde venous injections of a fine suspension of barium sulfate. The intervertebral foraminal tissues were then dissected from the bone, and radiographs of them were made. For comparative reference, a nerve root/ganglion complex of a rabbit was arterially injected with a more dilute preparation of the latex/India ink suspension. RESULTS: Macroscopic photographs of perinatal dorsal root ganglions showed that the pattern of the intraganglionic arterial distribution was sufficiently consistent to allow a graphic rendering and labeling of a "generic" ganglion. The series of incomplete retrograde venous injections adequately indicated the pressure labile location of a periganglionic venous plexus. CONCLUSIONS: The common development, structure, and function of the human dorsal root ganglions have resulted in the evolution of a uniform nutritional vascular pattern that can be conceptualized in a single visual image. Its plan of a primarily internal arterialization with a superficial venous drainage renders it vulnerable to the ischemic conditions consequent on external pressures and/or internal edematous swelling. This vascular arrangement may contribute to a propensity for the ganglion to develop a compartment syndrome when subjected to compression by periforaminal degenerative or neoplastic space-occupying lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Simulation of compartment syndrome by rupture of the deep femoral artery from blunt trauma.

Life-threatening hemorrhage of the femoral vasculature from a blunt injury to the thigh without femoral fracture has not been emphasized in the medical literature. Two cases of massive hemorrhage from the deep femoral system resulted from blunt injury to the thigh without femoral fracture. In the first case, a diagnosis of compartment syndrome was based on muscle swelling from the blunt trauma. A fasciotomy uncovered life-threatening bleeding. In the second case, which had a similar history and clinical symptoms, a vascular injury was suspected and an arteriogram was done. Disruption of the deep femoral arterial system was detected, and fluoroscopic embolization controlled the bleeding. A routine fasciotomy was then done. Both patients appeared clinically to have a thigh compartment syndrome, presumably based on injury from the crushed muscle. They both had normal arterial pulsations distal to the injured thigh. The only feature that suggested a vascular injury was a need for transfusion for hemodynamic support in excess of apparent blood loss. Arteriography, with embolization if necessary, is advised for all cases of suspected thigh compartment syndrome in which there is an unexplained need for hemodynamic support by transfusion.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

Compartment syndromes in the forearm.

This paper has been written in response to a reader's set of questions: "Do compartment syndromes in the forearm exist? "I am also curious about the effects of nerve compression syndromes in the forearm. "What are the signs and symptoms of ulnar nerve compression and where is Guyon's canal? "What are the signs of posterior interosseus nerve compression syndrome?" The author emphasises that the answers are based on his experience as a plastic surgeon and could vary according to the experience of the surgeon consulted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Haemoglobin SC disease presenting with a compartment syndrome secondary to a deep vein thrombosis.

A patient presented with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which resulted in a compartment syndrome of both the thigh and the calf. Subsequently, the patient was found to have haemoglobin SC disease. Prompt fasciotomies were performed; however, some muscle and nerve damage was later clinically apparent. This case highlights the value of prompt diagnosis of compartment syndrome and the need for urgent formal fasciotomies. The case also demonstrates the value of seeking an underlying cause for a DVT when none is apparent.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The fourth-compartment syndrome: its anatomical basis and clinical cases.

We propose a new term, the "fourth-compartment syndrome" to describe chronic dorsal wrist pain of the fourth compartment. Five main causes responsible for this syndrome are thought to be as follows: 1. Ganglion involvement, including an occult ganglion; 2. Extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle; 3. Abnormal extensor indicis muscle; 4. Tenosynovialitis; 5. Anomaly or deformity of carpal bones. Should the above mentioned conditions occur in the fourth compartment, pressure within the fourth compartment increases, ultimately compressing the posterior interosseous nerve directly or indirectly. Anatomical studies of the fourth compartment of the wrist and the posterior interosseous nerve are presented and the fourth-compartment syndrome is summarized with twelve clinical cases (six cases of occult ganglions, two cases of extensor digitorum brevis manus, two cases of tenosynovialitis, one case of abnormal extensor indicis muscle, and one case of carpal bossing).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Acute compartment syndrome--presenting as severe pain in an extremity out of proportion with the injury.

A 24 year old combat medic was admitted to the field hospital at Tomislavgrad in Bosnia, with a suspected forearm, fracture. Radiographs did not show any bony injury. Clinical examination showed marked swelling and tenderness over the extensor compartment. The pain became more severe over the following 12 hours with the pain becoming most intensely felt in the extensors on passive extension. Fasciotomy for suspected acute compartment syndrome was carried out. Acute compartment syndrome is a common complication of extremity injury, and is a clinical diagnosis which should be suspected in all injuries with marked swelling and severe pain.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Best evidence topic report. No evidence found that a femoral nerve block in cases of femoral shaft fractures can delay the diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the thigh.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a femoral nerve block may mask the signs and symptoms of thigh compartment syndrome. No relevant papers were found using the reported search. There is no evidence to associate a femoral nerve block with a delayed or missed diagnosis of compartment syndrome.

Compartment Syndromes↗