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[Rifadin activity in trachoma and paratrachoma].

Rifadin after a single inoculation in a dose of 100 microng/ml completely inhibited the development of the causative agent of trachoma in cell culture. In patients with trachoma (18) and paratrachoma (4) cure was achieved by topical application of 5% ointment. Additional administration of the drug per os did not produce any considerable improvement. The cure was confirmed by the results of clinical, biomicroscopic, cytological and histological examinations of the tarsoconjunctival tissue (biopsy according to indications). Repeated examinations of the patients were carried out for 4 years and no cases of relapse were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases.

Chlamydiae are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of human disease. The known geographical distribution of lymphogranuloma venereum and the role of chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed. The presence of chlamydiae in the urethra and the cervix, and their etiological relationship to genital infections, first recognized in connexion with ocular infections, have been proved in a number of studies in selected populations in a few countries. Chlamydiae appear to be the most important agent of nongonococcal urethritis, which in some cases appears now to be more frequent than gonococcal urethritis. In addition to their association with cervicitis, chlamydiae appear also to be fairly frequent in the cervix of apparently normal, asymptomatic, and sexually active women. The role of chlamydiae as agents of other human diseases still requires to be clarified. The organisms have been found in association with pelvic inflammatory disease, neonatal pneumonia, pharyngitis, and otitis. There is need for additional studies in view of the fact that effective chemotherapy is available. An outline is given of laboratory methods that may be useful for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections.

Arthritis, Reactive↗
PubMed2000

[Prevalence of the Chlamydia trachomatis in neonatal conjunctivitis determination by indirect fluorescence and gene amplification].

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common identifiable infectious agents in neonatal conjunctivitis. It also causes pneumonitis, that is preceded by conjunctivitis in one third of cases. AIM: To asses the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in newborns with conjunctivitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 162 newborns, coming from 14 Primary Health Centers from Santiago de Chile, C. trachomatis was detected by indirect fluorescence and two polymerase chain reaction (PCR 1 and 2), which amplified different sequences from the common endogenous plasmid. Those patients with positive indirect fluorescence and PCR 2 were defined as infected: RESULTS: The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 8%, and the distribution of the positive cases was similar in the different Health Centers. Other isolates were: S. aureus (9.8%), S. pneumoniae (8%), S. viridans (6.2%) y H. influenzae (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of C. trachomatis in neonatal conjunctivitis in Chile is similar to that of developed countries. Therefore, C. trachomatis should be considered in the election of antimicrobials for the treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis, to avoid ocular and respiratory complications.

Chile↗
PubMed1992

An interesting case presentation: a possible new route for perinatal acquisition of Chlamydia.

Chlamydia trachomatis is currently the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. The prevalence in pregnant women ranges between 2% and 47%. It is well known that C trachomatis can be transmitted from the genital tract of an infected mother to her newborn infant, causing conjunctivitis or pneumonia or both, along with their longstanding complications. A review of the literature failed to show, however, conclusive evidence of transmission of infection to the newborn infant when the infant was born by cesarean section with intact amniotic membranes. We present a case of a young black woman with a history of chlamydia cervicitis during pregnancy whose infant was delivered by cesarean section because of failure to progress. She gave birth to a healthy term infant who developed ophthalmia neonatorum on the 3rd day of life. Examinations of conjunctival scrapings with direct fluorescent staining (chlamydia MicroTrak) performed on the 1st and 3rd day of life were positive. The initial test was performed because of the maternal history. The infant was mildly symptomatic at the time the study was repeated for confirmation. Our findings strongly suggest the possibility of either transmembrane or transplacental route of infection in the pathogenesis of neonatal chlamydia infection. Further study is needed to confirm this possibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Erythromycin.

Even with the continuing emergence of new antibiotics, erythromycin continues to be used extensively in obstetrics and gynecology. It is inexpensive, with a long history of usage and proven safety. When oral erythromycin preparations are given in the correct dose and with proper timing in relation to meals, no individual preparation offers a significant therapeutic advantage. Its uses include the treatment of respiratory tract infections, chlamydial and other genital tract infections in pregnancy, puerperal mastitis, and acute conjunctivitis of the newborn.

Conjunctivitis, Inclusion↗
PubMed1991

Dexamethasone in the complex treatment of Chlamydial conjunctivitis.

A study was performed on 321 patients with paratrachoma: acute follicular conjunctivitis-189, subacute-132. The first group of patients (108) received 1% Tetracycline ointment 4 to 5 times daily, the second group (103 patients)-1% Tetracycline ointment + 0.1% Dexamethasone eye drops, the third group (110 patients)-Eubetal ointment (tetracycline 0.5%, betamethasone 0.1%, chloramphenicol 1%, colistin). Therapeutic efficacy was higher in groups were antibiotics combined with corticosteroids. Cured in 4 weeks in group I-46.3%, in group II-72.8%, in group III-71.8%, cured in 6 weeks-75.9%, 88.3% and 86.4% respectively.

Acute Disease↗