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PubMed1984

[Hysteria: problems of definition and evolution of the symptomatology].

What is the evolution of hysteria, now that the spectacular crises of previous times tend to occur less frequently? Are hysterical manifestations disappearing or do they take other forms? This question raises semantic and phenomenological problems concerning hysteria. A review of the literature shows the complexity and precariousness of some definitions, the question raised by associated organic disorders and the compounding influences of other nosological entities, such as depression and psychosomatic disorders. Clinical histories from the records of a psychiatric hospital for the period 1910-1929 were compared with those for the period 1970-1980. The results of the study were surprising with respect to the similarity of epidemiological profiles. If it can be concluded that hysterical manifestations are not disappearing, then the study confirms the evolution of symptomatology which, especially in women, takes atypical forms of depressive, neurovegetative or psychosomatic disorders. In males, hysterical symptoms are of a more acute nature and frequently occur in dependent, immature or infantile personalities, whilst in the past they were more chronic and frequently associated with more serious personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Some guidelines for uses of hypnotherapy in pediatrics.

Hypnotherapy has many uses in pediatrics, and its value, not only as a adjunct but also as a primary therapy for certain conditions, justifies its inclusion in pediatric training programs. Suggestion and expectation have long been related to therapeutic outcomes in medicine, but not all physicians know how to apply them constructively and systematically in communication with patients. In pediatrics there is a tendency to overlook opportunities in which hypnosis might be the treatment of choice. Because children engage in imagination and fantasy easily without the cognitive inhibitions of adults, they are able to use hypnosis more readily than adults. More research into the imaginative skills of children may facilitate understanding of learning mechanisms and make it possible for professionals to prevent the loss of the natural imaginative capacities in children and, therefore, enhance the ability of mature members of society to use these skills. In addition to reduction of specific symptoms through hypnotherapy, children benefit by the sense of mastery which they acquire, a sense which is surely needed to overcome the feelings of hopelessness, loss of control, and depression induced by many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Dystonia: a disorder often misdiagnosed as a conversion reaction.

The authors studied the records of 84 patients who had idiopathic torsion dystonia. Thirty-seven cases had originally been misdiagnosed as primarily psychiatric illness. Only 1 patient presented with dystonic movements that were clearly part of a more general psychiatric disorder. The authors believe her to be the first reported patient whose dystonia is undeniably of psychogenic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

How psychiatric symptoms varied in World War I and II.

Psychiatric syndromes may be differentially expressed according to cultural expectation. An examination of the literature reveals a predominance of conversion symptoms in World War I and a relative decrease among World War II neuropsychiatric casualties. In the latter conflict, by contrast, "combat exhaustion" and psychosomatic disorders comprised the majority of non-psychotic psychiatric casualties. Determinants of this changing "vocabulary of distress" are discussed.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Does neurology inform psychoanalysis? A case report.

In these days of malpractice suits it has become increasingly important that the psychoanalyst make correct diagnoses and institute appropriate treatment. The significance of this statement is enhanced by the fact that the opinion is being increasingly enunciated that there is no such disorder as conversion hysteria. Accordingly the psychoanalyst needs to keep up to date about relevant neurological matters. The present article reports a case of a young women who had been treated psychoanalytically for many years without the organic nature of her disorder being grasped. Appropriate pharmacological therapy produced prolonged remission of her symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Psychogenic disorders of vision in childhood ("visual conversion reactions"): perspectives from adolescence: a research note.

Fifteen adolescents who had exhibited psychogenic disorders of vision in childhood were compared with a control group of adolescents who had experienced childhood visual dysfunction of organic origin. The principal modes of assessment were clinical interviews, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and self-report measures concerning specific personality traits. Adolescents who had previously presented with psychogenic disorder were more likely to (1) report having experienced school difficulties and the loss of a significant figure at the time of presentation, (2) rate their mothers as over-involved on the PBI and (3) report adjustment difficulties and obsessional personality traits in adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Psychosomatic and somatopsychic aspects of myasthenia gravis. A critical review of the literature].

In an extensive literary abstract the up to now existing scientific research strategies and results concerning the psychosomatics of myasthenia gravis are introduced. While the pioneers of myasthenia-research already registered psychological disorders that were separated from differential diagnostic conversion neurosis, new studies show the noticeable high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms in myasthenia-patients. Besides monistic-somatic models, psychosomatic attempts of explanation were put forth in the past. Authors seem to agree at least with regard to psychological factors being able to influence symptom manifestation and course on a casuistic basis. Somatopsychic interdependencies seem to be of more significance, as it is stressed by coping-research. However controlled longitudinal studies lack yet, so far as to what degree psychosocial and somatic factors are clinically relevant with regard to coping with the disease. Perspectives for future research are given finally.

Adaptation, Psychological↗