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Results for “DAY BLINDNESS”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Nonhemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma producing reversible internal carotid artery occlusion: case report.

Obstruction of the internal carotid artery by a pituitary tumor is a rare occurrence, particularly in the absence of pituitary apoplexy. A cas of occlusion of the right internal carotid artery caused by a nonhemorrhagic pituitary adenoma is reported. The patient presented with a 3-month history of headaches and a progressive loss of vision in his right eye, leading to sudden complete right-sided blindness on the day of admission. Except for the visual system, the patient's clinical examination revealed nothing remarkable. There was complete restoration of blood flow in the internal carotid artery after emergency transsphenoidal resection of the tumor was performed. The patient's vision also substantially improved shortly after the surgery. Neurodiagnostic correlation, using various imaging studies, is presented. This cas also demonstrates the importance of using magnetic resonance imaging with and without contrast to demonstrate complete occlusion or thrombosis in the affected vessel.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of physical and emotional side effects of progesterone or medroxyprogesterone in early postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mood and somatic effects during the initial 2 months of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or progesterone combined with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) in early postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Twenty-three nondepressed, early postmenopausal women (average age, 52.5 years) completed a 91-day, single-blind pilot study with the following sequence of treatments: 1 week of no substance; 2 weeks of placebo; 2 weeks of progestogen only; 1 week of placebo; and 2 months of "standard hormone replacement therapy cycles," which consisted of (in order) 2 weeks of 0.625 mg CEE, 2 weeks of CEE plus progestogen, 2 weeks of CEE, and 2 weeks of CEE plus progestogen. Ten women who completed the study received MPA (5 mg/day) as their progestogen, and 13 who completed the study received micronized, oil-suspended progesterone (200 mg/day) as their progestogen. All participants made daily assessments of mood using the Profile of Mood States and daily recordings of somatic symptoms. All subjects had plasma follicle-stimulating hormone of greater than 35 IU/L and had not had spontaneous vaginal bleeding for more than 1 year. RESULTS: None of the hormone treatments had a detectable effect on mood. MPA users reported more vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness than progesterone users. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with the widely held belief among psychiatrists that progesterone depresses mood, neither of the progestogens we used in normal, nondepressed and nonanxious women showed this effect. Absence of an effect on mood was also found when the results of the two progestogens were combined. The lesser side effects of the micronized progesterone-containing regimen suggest that some women may prefer it to an MPA-containing regimen.

Breast↗

PubMed1984

H2-receptor blockade and exercise-induced asthma.

While in vitro studies suggest that H2-receptor blockade enhances mediator release from bronchial mast cells and leads to bronchoconstriction, in vivo studies have given conflicting results. Eight asthmatic subjects were given cimetidine 800 mg and placebo double-blind on different days. Baseline values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were obtained before an 8 min standardized exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. Subjects inhaled cold, dry air and exercise on cimetidine and placebo days was matched for ventilation and thermal load. FEV1 was measured immediately, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after exercise. No significant differences were observed between mean baseline FEV1, immediate post exercise FEV1, or maximum percentage fall from baseline after exercise on cimetidine or placebo days. Cimetidine does not appear to effect lung function or bronchial responses to cold air exercise challenge.

Asthma↗

PubMed1986

Isoxicam vs ketoprofen in ankylosing spondylitis.

1 Isoxicam, 200 mg once daily, was compared to ketoprofen, 100 mg three times daily, in 19 patients (16 males, three females) with ankylosing spondylitis in a 30-day, double-blind study conducted in two centres. 2 Improvements from baseline to final assessment were noted after both isoxicam and ketoprofen in most clinical variables, with isoxicam, in general, being more effective than ketoprofen. 3 Isoxicam was significantly superior to ketoprofen in reducing pain and was judged by both patients and physicians to be superior overall to ketoprofen. 4 Of the 13 patients who expressed a preference, 10 preferred isoxicam. 5 Typical NSAID side effects were encountered with both drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

New beta-agonist, KWD 2131, compared with terbutaline in asthmatics. A cumulative dose-response study.

The equipotent bronchodilating doses of terbutaline and a new beta-agonist KWD 2131 with a relatively stronger anti-allergic (inhibition of mediator release) than bronchodilating effect given in nebulized form was estimated in eight patients with intrinsic asthma. The subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was also evaluated. The study was a 2-day, single-blind cross-over comparison between cumulative doses of KWD 2131 (0.5 mg to 12 mg) and terbutaline (0.05 mg to 1.2 mg). Both drugs gave a dose-dependent bronchodilating effect as measured spirometrically. It was already statistically significant at the 0.05 mg dose of terbutaline, but not until the cumulative 1.5 mg dose (0.5 + 1 mg) of KWD 2131. The median value of the bronchodilating potency of terbutaline relative to KWD 2131 was 30. The influence of the two substances on tremor and the cardiovascular system was minimum and clinically unimportant. The search for the subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was of interest, as this dose was to be used in a subsequent antigen provocation study in order to selectively evaluate KWD 2131's anti-allergic property. The mean subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was 1 mg. However, four of the eight patients showed bronchodilatation at the 1 mg dose, and two of the four also at 0.5 mg.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of a pregnancy smoking cessation program.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate two nursing approaches to promoting smoking cessation during initial antenatal visits. DESIGN: Experimental, with assignment to interventions using a random, alternate-day strategy and blind assessment of smoking at baseline, 1 month postintervention, 36 weeks' gestation, and 6 weeks postpartum. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: 224 daily smokers, fewer than 31 weeks gestation, during first prenatal visit, at a teaching hospital antenatal clinic. INTERVENTIONS: An evening class providing guidance on a self-help program for 2 hours on a group basis or 20 minutes on an individual basis during the prenatal appointment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Smoking cessation, confirmed by urinary cotinine levels. RESULTS: All women assigned to the referral intervention received a referral, but none attended the classes. In contrast, 93% assigned to the immediate intervention received the intervention. The group receiving immediate intervention had two to three times higher rates of cessation at all follow-up periods, with significant differences at the 1-month follow-up. There were certain similarities between the groups. CONCLUSION: Cessation interventions should be administered during the first prenatal visit.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Comparison of nitrazepam with triazolam in insomniac outpatients.

The short-acting hypnotic, triazolam 0.5 mg, was compared in a 7-day double-blind study with the longer acting drug, nitrazepam 5 mg. Of the 60 patients enrolled, 29 in each drug treatment group completed the study and were evaluated. All significant differences found favoured triazolam. On the first night, triazolam was found to be significantly more effective than nitrazepam in inducing and maintaining sleep and in increasing its overall duration. The patients' subjective preference, reflecting the depth of sleep experienced and the effect of the medication, reached highly significant levels in favour of triazolam. Later in the study the differences between the drugs disappeared although the depth of sleep as judged in the study was better with triazolam.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

GTR therapy of intrabony defects using 2 different bioresorbable membranes: 12-month results.

This prospective split-mouth study was designed to compare the clinical and radiographic healing results in intrabony periodontal defects 12 months after GTR therapy with 2 different bioresorbable barriers. The study comprised 25 healthy patients with one pair of contralaterally located intrabony defects with a probing pocket depth of > or = 6 mm and radiographic evidence of angular bone loss of > or = 4 mm. The 2 defects of each patient were randomized for treatment either with polylactic acid (PLA) membranes or with polyglactin-910 (PG-910) membranes. The patients received systemic doxycycline (100 mg/d) for 11 days postoperatively. One blinded examiner recorded the following clinical parameters using a pressure calibrated probe at baseline and after 12 months: papillary bleeding index (PBI), gingival recession (REC), probing pocket depth (PPD), and probing attachment level (PAL). The vertical relative attachment gain (V-rAG) was calculated as a % of the PAL gain related to the maximum possible attachment gain (expressed by the intraoperatively measured depth of the osseous defect). Geometrically standardized intraoral radiographs were quantitatively evaluated for bone changes (density, area) in the defect region using digital subtraction radiography (DSR). Clinical and radiographic data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon-signed-rank test (alpha=0.05). Postoperative membrane exposures occurred in 9 PLA and 13 PG-910 treated sites. After 12 months of healing, both barrier types provided significant PPD reductions and PAL gain [median (25/75 percentile)]: deltaPPD [PLA: 3.0 (2.0/4.0) mm; PG-910: 3.0 (2.0/4.5) mm]; deltaPAL [PLA: 3.0 (2.5/4.0) mm; PG-910: 2.0 (1.0/4.0) mm]. V-rAG amounted to 60% in PLA sites and 54% in PG-910 sites. DSR revealed significant bone density gain after 12 months. 58.3% of the initial defect area in PLA sites and 54.0% of the initial defect area in PG-910 sites showed bone density gain. Neither clinical nor radiographic data revealed any significant difference between the 2 barrier types after 12 months. In conclusion, this 12-month study demonstrated that PLA and PG-910 membranes provided similar favorable regeneration results in deep intrabony periodontal defects.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Dental fluorosis among participants in a non-supervised fluoride tablet program.

The aim of the present study was to describe the intraoral pattern of dental fluorosis among fluoride tablet consumers. One hundred and forty-two children, of whom 56 had participated in a fluoride tablet program of 0.5/1.0 mg NaF per day were examined blindly for possible fluoride-induced enamel changes. A low prevalence of dental fluorosis was found among non-participants. The later in life the tooth was formed, the higher was the prevalence. The subjects who had participated in the fluoride tablet program showed a significantly higher prevalence of fluorosis. They could be divided into three groups: Group 1 exhibited a tooth prevalence pattern not statistically different from that of the non-participants, group 2 showed dental fluorosis in almost all teeth except in those formed before the start of the tablet program. In group 3 the early and the late formed teeth showed very little fluorosis while those formed in the few years just after the initiation of the fluoride tablet intake were affected by fluorosis.

Child↗

PubMed1997

The amplitude of endogenous melatonin production is not affected by melatonin treatment in humans.

A physiological dose of melatonin (0.5 mg) or placebo was given at bedtime to night shift workers (n = 21) for seven days, and endogenous melatonin profiles were measured on the eighth day. The amplitude of endogenous melatonin secretion was unchanged by treatment. Also, a melatonin treatment trial using a 50 mg daily bedtime dose for 37 days to a blind subject resulted in no change in the endogenous melatonin profile. We conclude that circulating melatonin can shift the phase, but does not alter the amplitude, of pineal melatonin secretion.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Nebulised sodium cromoglycate and verapamil in methacholine induced asthma.

Fifteen children with asthma underwent challenges with methacholine on separate days after double blind administration by nebuliser of either verapamil (5 mg), cromoglycate (20 mg), or saline (placebo). The provocation doses that produced a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD20) were analysed. There was variation in the protective effects of verapamil and cromoglycate among the patients. Although cromoglycate produced an increase in PD20 in 53% of the children tested, the protection was not significant when compared with the placebo. Verapamil was partially protective, however, in 80% of children and achieved significantly better results than the placebo. We suggest that this is likely to be due to a direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Inflammatory response to acute inhalation of endotoxin in asthmatic patients.

Inhalation of 20 micrograms endotoxins (from the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria) has been reported to induce a bronchial obstructive response in asthmatic subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in asthmatic patients the possibility of an inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxins. Eight patients with mild asthma were submitted to bronchial challenge tests, in a single-blind trial, on Day 1 with control solution and on Day 7 with 20 micrograms endotoxin of Escherichia coli (026:B6). Local inflammatory response was indirectly evaluated by the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) expressed as PD20 FEV1 histamine (the dose of histamine inducing a 20% decrease in FEV1) at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h and 7 days. Systemic inflammation was investigated by sequential blood determinations of total (and differential) white cells, complement anaphylatoxin C5a, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). A significant (p < 0.01) bronchial obstructive response was demonstrable 45 min after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation, lasting 5 h. Comparing the level of BHR after control inhalation, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in BHR was shown 6 h after LPS, partially normalized at 24 and 48 h. A short peak in TNF-alpha at 60 min (p < 0.05) and an increase in total white blood cells (p < 0.01) and neutrophil polymorphonuclear neutrophils at 360 min (p < 0.05) and of CRP at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) were significant. The other blood parameters did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1983

Nifedipine in the prevention of asthma induced by exercise and histamine.

Eight young men with documented exercise-induced asthma each performed two standard exercise tests and underwent two histamine challenges on separate days after double blind administration of either 20 mg nifedipine or placebo. The response to exercise was assessed by the maximal fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and to inhaled histamine by calculating the dose that produced a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). After premedication with nifedipine, the severity of exercise-induced asthma was significantly reduced (mean percent fall in FEV1, 6%, compared with 24% after placebo) and reactivity to histamine was reduced (geometric mean PC20, 1.68 mg X ml-1, compared with 0.46 mg X ml-1 after placebo). These results imply that nifedipine has a direct action on bronchial smooth muscle contractility but they do not exclude an additional effect on the secretion of chemical mediators from mast cells.

Asthma↗

PubMed1979

Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with lecithin.

Six patients with moderate or severe tardive dyskinesia participated in a 14-day double-blind crossover comparison of placebo with 50 g/day of lecithin. There were no side effects, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) ratings of videotaped examinations indicated significant improvement in the dyskinesias of all subjects during the lecithin trial, even with concomitant administration of a constant dose of neuroleptic medication to five patients.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMed1976

A trial of Fortagesic and Paramol 118 in osteoarthritis.

Fortagesic was compared with Paramol 118 in a fourteen day single-blind crossover study in patients with moderate pain due to osteoarthritis. Both preparations were shown to be similarly effective. More side-effects were seen with Paramol 118 than with Fortagesic and more patients preferred Fortagesic. These differences were not statistically significant, but it is concluded that Fortagesic is a useful effective analgesic for standard use in moderate pain.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1980

Anxiolytic efficacy of alprazolam compared to diazepam and placebo.

The anxiolytic effects of alpraxolam (0.5--3.0 mg), diazepam (5--60 mg) and placebo were evaluated in eighty-six out-patients suffering from moderate to severe psychoneurotic anxiety in this 28-day, double-blind study. Efficacy was evaluated using five rating instruments, three rated by the physician (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Physician's Global Impressions and Target Symptoms) and two by the patients (Self-Rating Symptom Scale and Patient's Global Impressions). Alprazolam was more effective than placebo on all five measures of efficacy and, on several parameters, more effective than diazepam as well. The incidence of side-effects was lowest in the alprazolam group and decreased steadily over the course of the study, whereas the incidence in the diazepam and placebo groups remained relatively unchanged.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Ketazolam compared to diazepam and placebo in the treatment of anxiety.

Compared to placebo, ketazolam given once daily was more effective in alleviating the symptoms of anxiety than was diazepam given three times a day in this 28-day double-blind study in fifty-six out-patients. Ketazolam patients reported fewer, milder side-effects than diazepam patients. In particular, drowsiness was reported less than 8% as often during ketazolam treatment as during diazepam treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Comparative efficacy of lormetazepam (Noctamid) and diazepam (Valium) in 100 out-patients with insomnia.

Lormetazepam (Noctamid) at a dosage of 1 mg was compared with diazepam (Valium) at a dosage of 5 mg in a 7-day double-blind study. The study involved fifty patients in the lormetazepam group and fifty patients in the diazepam group. All the patients were suffering from sleep disorders as a concomitant symptom of general diseases. Lormatazepam was significantly better than diazepam in the: -Reduction of the time taken to fall asleep (p less than 0.05) -Prolongation of the duration of uninterrupted sleep (p less than 0.05) -Reduction of the frequency of awakening (p less than 0.05). Lormetazepam displayed no hang-over effects or other side-effects and, in this respect too, was significantly superior to diazepam (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗