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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A regionally segmented national scale multimedia contaminant fate model for Canada with GIS data input and display.

Regional scale mass balance models are valuable tools for describing the fate of chemicals in areas with defined and fairly homogeneous environmental characteristics and chemical use patterns. These models often show that contaminant inflows from outside the region of interest are significant compared with local emissions. This is most likely for persistent chemicals and those that are efficiently transported in air or water. As a result regional levels of environmental contamination are controlled by external factors and meaningful evaluation requires assessment of contaminant fate in neighboring regions. A linked set of regional models thus has the potential to describe quantitatively the impact of chemical emissions over a wider geographic scale with significant spatial differences in environmental characteristics and chemical use patterns. We describe here a national scale contaiminant fate model for Canada based on the existing 24-region ChemCAN model. The ecological regions, which were previously treated individually, are linked with flows of air and water deduced from GIS analysis to provide a comprehensive description of contaminant fate over the entire country, including long-range transport between regions. The model is applied to describe the national-scale fate of three chemicals in Canada, benzene, trichloroethene, and diethylhexyl phthalate, exploiting GIS analysis for interpretation and presentation of model results. Agreement between predicted multimedia environmental concentrations and measured values is satisfactory for all three chemicals. In total this work represents an initial attempt to address the different processes of both linking a regional model and using GIS as a tool for data analysis and management.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1990

Family structure: a general program for displaying complex pedigree data.

A general method for automated presentation of complex pedigree data is described. This method, called 'family structure,' allows presentation of genetic relationships for an unlimited number of individuals, and is well suited for description of both human and non-human animal populations. The method is especially useful for populations in which families are interrelated or individuals produce offspring by several mates. This method has been incorporated into a computer system for animal pedigree storage and analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A computer-generated blood gas display in a newborn intensive care unit.

A computer was programmed to collect, store, analyze, and display blood gas data in a newborn intensive care unit. Data were displayed if they were (1) markedly abnormal or (2) represented a worsening trend. A controlled study demonstrated that, with the display, the markedly abnormal blood gas values were followed by normal values in a shorter period, and fewer worsening trends progressed. However, with the computer-generated display, there were more overcorrections of both the markedly abnormal blood gas values and the detected worsening trends. The occurrence of pneumothoraces was associated with these overcorrected blood gas values. There were no significant differences in duration of supplemental oxygen administration, duration of tracheal intubation, or mortality between the infants cared for during the time of the computer-generated display and those cared for during the control period. This study demonstrates both benefits and risks of computer-generated displays and emphasizes the need for thorough evaluations of such systems.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Checking the projection display of multivariate data with colored graphs.

Projection methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), nonlinear mapping (NLM), and the self-organizing map (SOM) are valuable algorithms for visualizing multidimensional data in a two-dimensional plane. Unfortunately, the reduction of the dimensionality involves distortions. In an attempt to graphically localize the distortions of the projected data, we suggest superposing colored graphs onto the 2D plots. The color of the edges of these graphs encodes the original high-dimensional distances between the connected points. The method is applied to a cluster analysis of 37 biologically active compounds and 471 molecules represented by a structural 3D descriptor.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1987

An Intelligent Display System for psychiatric education in primary care.

We have shown how new concepts for displaying knowledge and data may overcome some of the limitations of existing decisionmaking and educational aids and how they may improve psychiatric diagnosis and education. Elsewhere, we illustrated how these concepts can also be applied in redesigning ordinary textbooks in many other areas of medicine. Using such ideas to simplify decisionmaking without oversimplifying and without reducing physician participation may help us to cope with the enormous growth of information and knowledge. This is a problem common to many areas of medicine, one that demands new ways of thinking about how to simplify educational methods.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1991

Data recording and trend display during anaesthesia using 'MacLab'.

A single screen display of variables monitored during anaesthesia may be ergonomically superior to the 'stack' of monitors seen in many anaesthetising locations. A system based on a MacLab (Analogue Digital Instruments) analogue-to-digital convertor used in conjunction with a Macintosh computer was evaluated. The system was configured to provide trend displays of up to eight variables on a single screen. It was found to be a useful adjunct to monitoring during anaesthesia. Advantages of this system are low cost, flexibility, and the quality of the software and support provided. Limitations of this and other similar systems are discussed.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed2002

Multidimensional data visualization.

Historically, data visualization has been limited primarily to two dimensions (e.g., histograms or scatter plots). Available software packages (e.g., Data Desk 6.1, MatLab 6.1, SAS-JMP 4.04, SPSS 10.0) are capable of producing three-dimensional scatter plots with (varying degrees of) user interactivity. We constructed our own data visualization application with the Visualization Toolkit (Schroeder, Martin, & Lorensen, 1998) and Tcl/Tk to display multivariate data through the application of glyphs (Ware, 2000). A glyph is a visual object onto which many data parameters may be mapped, each with a different visual attribute (e.g., size or color). We used our Multi-Dimensional data Viewer to explore data from several psycholinguistic experiments. The graphical interface provides flexibility when users dynamically explore the multidimensional image rendered from raw experimental data. We highlight advantages of multidimensional data visualization and consider some potential limitations.

Data Display↗
PubMed1998

Feasibility of keying data from screen-displayed facsimile images in an ongoing trial: the collaborative ocular melanoma study.

As part of an ongoing clinical trial, we conducted an experiment to assess the feasibility and to determine the reliability of data entry from a computer screen display of images of data collection forms transmitted by facsimile (fax) machines directly into a computer for paper forms designed without consideration of fax or image display requirements. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of accuracy and reliability of data entry and on operator satisfaction. During a 2-week period, half of the forms received at the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) coordinating center were key-entered twice, using the paper forms as the source (paper source entry). The remaining forms were entered once using paper source and were later reentered using the screen display of images of the faxed forms as the source (image source entry). The latter group of forms, or 50% of all forms received, were entered a third time, using the image source entry. Two data entry operators participated in the experiment. Discrepancy rates between and within data entry operators were calculated for both modes of entry. A total of 50,861 keystrokes (28,095 items) across 1122 records were checked for consistency. The overall discrepancy rate associated with double paper source entry was approximately 21 per 10,000 keystrokes (20 per 10,000 items). Discrepancy rates associated with paper source versus image source entry (53 per 10,000 keystrokes [57 per 10,000 items]) and double image source entry (57 per 10,000 keystrokes [47 per 10,000 items]) were similar in magnitude. Image source entry of forms received by facsimile may provide an acceptable alternative to paper entry in ongoing multicenter clinical trials where the costs of converting existing forms and systems to automated data capture may be unacceptable. This experiment confirmed the feasibility of such an alternative and suggested that improved screen displays and changes in equipment to facilitate entry of data from the screen display may enhance accuracy of entries.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Effective graphical displays.

A graph is a visual display of data to achieve an understanding of the underlying patterns and interrelationships of the data. Such visual representations of data often form the basis for inferences and decisions. However, a poorly chosen graphical form can lead to erroneous inferences. In this paper previously published graphs depicting biopharmaceutical, drug metabolism, formulation, and pharmacokinetic data are recast using alternate display methods in an attempt to better clarify the data structure. The display methods used include dot plots and trellis plots.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Graphical reports and displays for complex ICU data: a new, flexible and configurable method.

The use of computers for critical care data management may markedly increase the volume of digital numbers presented to the nurse and clinician. Such digital displays and reports may not be optimum for estimating the graded levels of intervention required for specific physiologic problems. We have devised software subsystems which allow for rapid configuration of medically oriented graphical reports and video images, using an English language syntax rather than specific computer code. These subsystems produce graphical reports which resemble previous hand-written charts, and video displays which are useful for hemodynamic patient management.

Data Display↗