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PubMed1980

Whole coal tar shampoo: a therapeutic hair repair system.

An alkaline whole coal tar shampoo has been clinically re-evaluated for its therapeutic and cosmetic properties. Its efficacy, as anticipated, is confirmed in psoriasis, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and pruritus. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the whole coal tar shampoo's ability to repair hair similar to protein cosmetic shampoos. Body, luster, and manageability improved throughout this eight week study. A new shampoo action was recorded, described as "corrective;" both oily-haired and dry-haired persons simultaneously exhibit substantial improvement towards the norm. It is postulated that the alkaline-whole coal tar shampoo stimulates natural corrective mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of skin diseases in HIV-infected patients.

Skin diseases are common in HIV-infected patients. Although some of the cutaneous manifestations of HIV-infection resemble more severe forms of common skin diseases, as with seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, the response to standard treatment is not as expected. Indeed, this may be the clue that leads the clinician to suspect underlying HIV infection. In addition, hitherto undescribed skin diseases have been seen in the HIV-infected population, for many of which treatment has been discovered serendipitously. It is important for both the dermatologist and the patient to recognize that many of the cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection are difficult to treat because of the underlying immunosuppression. It may not be possible to "cure" a skin disease, but the goal in these cases is to make the patient as comfortable as possible by providing symptomatic relief. Often, imagination is required of the practitioner to find the treatment that will make the patient more comfortable. With patience and determination, the dermatologist can help most patients with HIV-related skin disease.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Cutaneous diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients referred to the UCLA Immunosuppression Skin Clinic: reasons for referral and management of select diseases.

Many nondermatologist physicians have become skilled at identifying and treating certain human immunodeficiency virus-related skin diseases. They are reserving referrals primarily for diagnostically or therapeutically challenging skin disorders. Our purpose was to study the reasons for referral of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, and to review the management of select diseases. One-hundred and fifty human immunodeficiency virus-positive outpatients were evaluated consecutively for cutaneous diseases that prompted their referrals by nondermatologist physicians. The three most common reasons for referral were eczematous dermatoses (32 percent), molluscum contagiosum (24 percent), and Kaposi's sarcoma (21 percent). There are differences in the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients referred for dermatologic intervention compared to that in the general human immunodeficiency virus-positive population. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis, dermatophytosis, and xerosis were less commonly referred than expected based on their reported prevalence in the general human immunodeficiency virus-positive population. In contrast, molluscum contagiosum, warts, and Kaposi's sarcoma were seen more frequently in our referred cohort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Dermatological aspects of AIDS in western Africa. Apropos of 140 cases].

This clinical survey, carried out during a 3 years period in the Dermatological Department of Bouake Hospital (Ivory Coast) analyses the skin and mucous membranes troubles caused by AIDS among adults. It is the first of that kind in Western Africa. 140 patients were concerned, showing carious dermatological troubles, 25 of them were counted. Few tropical skin diseases have their clinical picture altered by immunodeficiency. However, the Buruli ulcer may be described, which has in this condition a particularly development. We have underlined the particularities of some ubiquitous diseases, either because they appear on black skin (seborrheic dermatitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, prurigo, woolly hair syndrome, ichtyosis) or because they were neglected, or because they take an extensive form (chronic herpes, profuse condyloma). At the end of the survey, we are proposing a classification of the dermatological troubles, according to their features which might suggest AIDS. On this account, erythroderma, scattered forms of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, and noma, find a place among the troubles suggesting adult AIDS in sub-saharian Africa.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[Mucocutaneous pathology in HIV infection].

Several infectious, neoplastic or inflammatory skin diseases, may be early manifestations of HIV infection. We reviewed the clinical data of 226 HIV seropositive male patients with cutaneous disease, from a total of 337 inpatients at the Infectious Diseases Unit--Department of Medicine 1--Curry Cabral Hospital, from 1985 to 1991. Some considerations are made about the most common dermatological disorders: oral candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes simplex infection, drug-related skin disorders, herpes zoster and dermatophytosis. The high prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in HIV infection, the uncommon clinical findings and their occasional therapeutic problems, makes an early diagnosis essential.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1994

Scalp involvement in dermatomyositis. Often overlooked or misdiagnosed.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize scalp involvement in patients with dermatomyositis. DESIGN: Case series. PATIENTS: All patients with dermatomyositis seen in our office between 1988 and mid 1993. Patient inclusion in this study required fulfillment of three or more of Bohan and Peter's criteria for dermatomyositis. RESULTS: Of 17 patients with the diagnosis of dermatomyositis, scalp involvement was present in 14. Five of the 14 patients with scalp involvement were diagnosed as having scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis before progression of their disease or tissue examination revealed the diagnosis of dermatomyositis. In all patients, the scalp involvement was manifested as atrophic, erythematous, scaly plaques. In addition, alopecia was noted in six of the 14 patients. Treatment of cutaneous involvement included sun avoidance, topical corticosteroids and/or antimalarials, and/or methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of this process is important because scalp involvement is often overlooked, may be misdiagnosed initially, and can be the presenting complaint in some patients with dermatomyositis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Photosensitivity as the presenting illness in four patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection.

BACKGROUND: A multitude of skin lesions have been reported in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Some of them, eg, severe seborrheic dermatitis and herpes zoster infections, may predate the onset of the diagnostic criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and may actually raise the suspicion of HIV infection in healthy-appearing individuals. We have recently evaluated four individuals who presented with a severe idiopathic photosensitivity of eczematous morphologic features who eventuated in a diagnosis of HIV seropositivity. Four individuals who presented with an eczematous eruption of sun-exposed skin were referred to the Environmental Dermatology Unit of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (New York, NY) for evaluation of possible photosensitive disease. They were examined and underwent photobiological testing (minimal erythema dose testing and photopatch testing) to confirm and classify their suspected photosensitivity. OBSERVATIONS: All four patients fulfilled the criteria for chronic actinic dermatitis, a rare idiopathic photosensitivity characterized by debilitating, unremitting dermatitis with eczematous or lymphomalike histologic features and reproduction of lesions by small quantities of mid-wave UV-B radiation (290 to 320 nm). All four individuals were HIV seropositive and CD4 counts were markedly suppressed in all four. The photosensitivity predated the finding of seropositivity and the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in all four patients. CONCLUSION: The presentation of healthy-appearing individuals with photodistributed dermatitis of unknown cause should alert the physician to the possibility of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ocular manifestations of AIDS in children].

The exam of 33 children with AIDS revealed in 10 cases manifestations of the anterior pole and of ocular anexes specific to this infection. In 8 cases we noticed seborrheic dermatitis, exudative dermatitis. Molluscum contagiosum, staphilococies, papoulous eruptions . In 3 cases there were herpetic infections, one of them was corneal localized. In one case was Burkitt lymphoma with palpebral exteriorization. The fundus exam revealed retinal microvasculopathies with aneurysmal dilatations in cases and retinal hemorrhages in 3 cases. The discrete found in 8 cases, in 2 cases was bilateral papillary and papilloretinal edema was papillary stasis. In 8 cases was partial optical atrophia and in one case we noticed tapetoretinal degenerescente. The aid of the ophthalmologist in the thorough examination of children having AIDS was important, in spite of the unspecific nature of the noticed lesions.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of skin manifestations in AIDS patients in the Lome-Tokoin University Hospital (Togo)].

A prospective study was conducted for 13 months to determine the prevalence of skin disease in AIDS patients in the Lome teaching hospital. 99 of the 120 AIDS patients (75 males, 49 females) examined during this period had skin diseases (82.5% of the cases). This prevalence was 59.99% during 1 to 3 months of AIDS evolution, 81.77% during 4 to 6 months, and 100% after 6 months. The principal skin diseases were: pruritic papular eruption (33.33%), oral candidiasis (25%), herpes zoster (16.16%), hair dystrophies (13.13%), xeroderma (14.60%), furuncle (10%), seborrheic dermatitis (6.66%), Kaposi's sarcoma (5%) and recurrent folliculitis (4.16%). Thus, the skin diseases were common in AIDS patients in Lome, Togo, and tended to be more frequent as immunodeficiency progressed. Dermatological examination remains important in the detection of HIV infection and AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Report of the first 2 cases of HIV-1 group O infection in Spain].

BACKGROUND: The wide genetic variability of HIV-1 isolates has allowed to classify them into several subtypes. Very high divergent strains have been isolated recently from West Africa patients with AIDS, and they have been called HIV-1 group O ("outlier"). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In April 1995 a couple of patients was referred for medical follow-up and definitive diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Both were white and had been born in Spain. The husband had been working for 10 years in West Africa. CD4+ T-cell counts were below 250 x 10(6)/l in both subjects, and the wife had developed seborrheic dermatitis and mild pancytopenia. Serologic and genetic studies were performed to study the presence of HIV-1 group O infection in this couple. RESULTS: Serological tests (enzyme immunoassays, Western blot, line immunoassay) yielded indeterminate results for HIV-1 testing serum from the wife, but the husband's specimen was positive. Serological test for HIV-2 were negative in both subjects. In contrast, a new test allowed recognition of specific antibodies to HIV-1 group O in these patients. Furthermore, this infection was confirmed using a discriminative PCR methodology, which demonstrated the presence of specific HIV-1 group O sequences and the absence of group M sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The first two cases of HIV-1 group O infection in Spain are described. It is pointed that diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies need to considers the presence of this new HIV variant outside endemic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Localized crusted scabies of the scalp and feet.

An atypical case of crusted scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is presented in which lesions at the time of evaluation were confined to the scalp and feet. Because of the unusual presentation, the scalp involvement (which clinically mimicked seborrheic dermatitis) was initially missed. Although both the crusted variant of scabies and scabietic involvement of the scalp are well documented to occur in immunocompromised patients, to our knowledge scabies confined to the scalp and feet has not been previously reported.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Dandruff as a potential source of DNA in forensic casework.

Dandruff is a clinical alteration of the skin that consists histologically of orthokeratotic clumps with minute parakeratotic foci found in inflammatory pathologies such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. Therefore, some nucleated cells should be found in dandruff and hence there is a possibility that forensically typeable DNA could be extracted from dandruff. Because of a particular case in which we were involved, a study was carried out to determine whether or not DNA could be extracted from dandruff, and if the two most widely used extraction techniques (Chelex and organic) would be applicable. Results show that sufficient quantities of DNA (more than 30 to 40 ng) can be obtained from as little as 1.0 to 1.5 mg of dandruff. Both methods yield DNA, although the organic procedure seems to yield more (72.5 ng Chelex vs. 183.3 ng organic). All the DNA samples extracted were typed correctly for the loci HUMTH01 and HUMvWA. Therefore, dandruff can be considered a potential source of DNA for forensic identification.

Clothing↗
PubMed1988

Is the skin affected by work at visual display terminals?

According to some reports, mainly from Norway and Sweden, visual display terminal work is suspected of causing skin rashes. In three different studies, we have tried to elucidate the question, and the results indicate that there might be a relation between VDT work and aggravation of some common skin diseases such as rosacea, seborrheic and atopic dermatitis, and acne. Whether this depends on physical, chemical, or psychological factors is still unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Current eczema therapy].

The diagnostic term eczema refers to a group of skin diseases defined by the morphological criteria of erythema, papules, papulovesicles and, in the chronic stage, lichenification and desquamation. While the diagnostic workup should lead to a more specific diagnosis (irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, atopic, seborrheic or nummular dermatitis), the therapeutic approach is similar for most forms of eczema. In the present review, traditional and innovative therapeutic options are presented and discussed.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Dermatologic findings related to human immunodeficiency virus infection in high-risk individuals.

A variety of dermatologic disorders have been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This prospective study reports the frequency of mucocutaneous findings in 237 individuals at high risk for HIV infection, 33 of whom were HIV seropositive, during a follow-up of 5 to 36 months; 12.1% of the study population, all of them HIV seronegative, were devoid of any pathologic changes of the skin or mucous membranes, whereas all HIV-seropositive individuals exhibited one or several pathologic conditions during the observation period. Oral candidiasis, seborrheic and infectious eczematoid dermatitis, and acquired ichthyosis were among the most frequently encountered dermatologic disorders among the HIV-seropositive individuals, and a worsening of the skin symptoms accompanied the clinical deterioration of the patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗