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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cancer chronomics I. Origins of timed cancer treatment: early marker rhythm-guided individualized chronochemotherapy.

A 21-year old patient who presented in 1973 with a rare and highly malignant ovarian endodermal sinus tumor with spillage into the peritoneal cavity is alive and well today after receiving chronochemotherapy. During the first four courses of treatment, medications were given at different circadian stages. Complete blood counts and marker variables such as mood, vigor, nausea, and temperature were monitored around the clock and analyzed by cosinor to seek times of highest tolerance. Remaining treatment courses were administered at a time corresponding to the patient's best drug tolerance, rather than extrapolating the timing of optimal cyclophosphamide administration from also-implemented parallel laboratory studies on mice. Notwithstanding remaining hurdles in bringing chronochemotherapy to the clinic for routine care, merits of marker rhythm-guided chronotherapy documented in this and other case reports have led to the doubling of the two-year disease-free survival of patients with large perioral tumors in a clinical trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Omental metastasis in primary ovarian cancer].

Omentectomy was performed in 74 patients with primary cancer of the ovary. Omental metastasis was found in 60.8% (45 cases). The highest rates of omental metastasis were observed in serous carcinoma (56%) and endodermal sinus tumor (67%). Omental metastasis was correlated to types of tumor, amount of ascitic fluid, survival rate and extent of resection of omentum. The authors believe that omentectomy should routinely carried out in patients with primary ovarian cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endocrine status and growth after malignancy treated in childhood or adolescence.

Six girls and three boys, asymptomatic after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or endodermal sinus tumor (EST), were investigated for endocrine status and growth. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone binding capacity (TeBC), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), progesterone (P), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol were measured, and pubertal stage and bone age were determined. Growth was evaluated according to accepted curves for height and weight. Four of the girls had normal pubertal development, with serum FSH, LH, and E2 levels correlating to the phase of the menstrual cycle. Only one of the girls had ovulatory cycles (increase in P level). The girl treated for EST by abdominal irradiation had gonadal failure, with postmenopausal serum levels of FSH, LH, and E2. Her karyotype was normal. One of the girls was still prepubertal. None of them was hyperandrogenemic. One boy who was treated with bone marrow transplantation and total body irradiation had gonadal failure. One boy was still prepubertal, and the third boy showed normal pubertal maturation and normal serum FSH, LH, and T levels. All the patients except the boy treated with bone marrow transplantation and irradiation were normoprolactinemic; in addition, all had normal thyroid and adrenal function. Height and weight curves were normal in seven of the patients after the cancer therapy. The girl with EST had finished her growth before the irradiation therapy began. The boy treated with bone marrow transplantation and irradiation failed to exhibit further growth after beginning leukemia therapy at the age of 9.3 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Surgery and combined chemotherapy of ovarian cancer].

A) Common epithelial cancer: According to the Japanese statistics on ovarian cancer, the incidence of combined radiotherapy decreased recently from about 30% to about 5% and the combined treatment used is now mainly chemotherapy. The main drug used for combined chemotherapy is cis-DDP, especially PAC (cis-DDP, Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide) treatment. According to our clinical experience, the survival curve of advanced cases treated with PAC in combination is better than that with former drugs. B) Endodermal sinus tumor (EST): According to our treatment results, 6 patients with EST treated in combination with radiotherapy or previous forms of chemotherapy died within 2 years. However, 4 patients with EST given combined treatment with VAC (Vincristine, Actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamide) or with PVB (cis-DDP, Vinblastine, Bleomycin) were able to survive over 2 years. The Japanese statistics show that the rate of long survival of EST patients treated in combination with VAC or with PVB is about 50%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A newer hyperthermic therapy with a bacterial immunopotentiator (OK432) for chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer.

Systemic hyperthermic therapy was applied to two patients with chemotherapy-resistant malignancy. To obtain hyperthermia, a pyretic effect of a bacterial immunostimulant (OK432) was utilized. In a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei, her distended abdominal girth showed a remarkable decrease during this therapy. In another case, an endodermal sinus tumor, the serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level of the patient was lowered temporally and leukopenia induced by prior cytotoxic chemotherapies was significantly recovered. Because of the anticancer effect of OK432 itself, an accurate evaluation of this is difficult. At a moderate estimate, however, this method seems to be feasible as a useful adjuvant therapy in the management of cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Prognostic factors in low-stage nonseminomatous testicular cancer.

Whether patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular germ-cell cancer (NSGCT) should be treated with orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) or orchiectomy and surveillance remains controversial. Proponents of the former approach cite the uncertainty and risks of monitoring young men who may harbor occult metastases, while proponents of the latter strategy contend that surgical staging overtreats 60% to 70% of men. Over the last few years, prognostic factors in the primary testicular tumor have helped clinicians make more rational decisions about whether RPLND or surveillance should follow initial orchiectomy. As of 1996, the most clinically useful prognostic factors are the percentage of embryonal carcinoma and the presence or absence of vascular invasion by tumor cells in the primary tumor. Ongoing work with flow cytometry, image analysis, proliferation markers, and oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene markers may allow us to further stratify patients as to their likelihood of occult metastases and permit rational "risk-adaptive" treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the falciform ligament.

Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are uncommon and YSTs of the liver are exceedingly rare, with only three reported cases in the literature. A case is described of primary YST of the falciform ligament extending into the left lobe of the liver in a 14-month-old boy. This is the first reported case of primary YST arising within the falciform ligament. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy after presenting with hemoperitoneum. An extremely friable and necrotic tumor was found extending from the falciform ligament into the liver. The tumor was debulked and the patient received 5 months of chemotherapy employing a modified Einhorn regimen. After a partial response to chemotherapy the patient had a second-look laparotomy, at which time a left hepatic lobectomy and en bloc resection of the falciform ligament was performed in order to remove residual tumor. At the present time the patient has no signs of metastases and is alive and well 2 years after his presentation.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

New and unusual aspects of ovarian germ cell tumors.

Ovarian germ cell tumors are reviewed with emphasis on recent developments. In the primitive germ cell tumor group the recently recognized subtypes of yolk sac tumor, the hepatoid and glandular variants are described. Hepatoid tumors, which resemble hepatocellular carcinomas, are usually admixed with other patterns of yolk sac neoplasia but when the hepatoid component predominates, distinction from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma may be difficult. Glandular yolk sac tumors include those with a cribriform pattern as well as tumors that may be confused with endometrioid carcinoma. Within the teratoma category, a recent paper exploring the occasional relation between immature teratomas and dermoid cysts is reviewed. Problems caused by some of the monodermal teratomas are also highlighted. Struma ovarii may be the source of many diagnostic problems. It may be cystic and microscopic examination may reveal inconspicuous numbers of clearly recognizable thyroid follicles, resulting in confusion with other cystic ovarian tumors. In noncystic strumas many patterns, such as solid or pseudotubular, may be seen and the presence of cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm may add to the diagnostic difficulty, particularly if other teratomatous elements are lacking. Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin may be crucial in establishing the diagnosis of a struma in these situations. The problem of identifying reliable criteria for malignancy of struma ovarii is explored on the basis of recent information. The two most recently recognized subtypes of carcinoid tumor, strumal and mucinous, are reviewed as are primary neuroectodermal and sebaceous tumors of the ovary. Unusual clinical features of germ cell tumors are discussed under three main categories: endocrine syndromes, paraendocrine and paraneoplastic syndromes, and miscellaneous. Included in these categories are disorders such as sexual precocity in association with germ cell tumors containing syncytiotrophoblast cells, endocrine abnormalities associated with the recently described functioning ovarian tumors with peripheral steroid cell proliferation, hyperthyroidism with struma ovarii, the carcinoid syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with dermoid cysts, complications of dermoid cyst rupture, which may simulate disseminated carcinomatosis, and ascites and Meigs' syndrome associated with struma ovarii.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Mutually dependent localization of megalin and Dab2 in the renal proximal tubule.

Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tail of the multiligand endocytic receptor megalin, abundantly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Deletion of Dab2 induces a urinary increase in specific plasma proteins such as vitamin D binding protein and retinol binding protein (Morris SM, Tallquist MD, Rock CO, and Cooper JA. EMBO J 21: 1555-1564, 2002). However, the subcellular localization of Dab2 in the renal proximal tubule and its function have not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we report the characterization of Dab2 in the renal proximal tubule. Immunohistocytochemistry revealed colocalization with megalin in coated pits and vesicles but not in dense apical tubules and the brush border. Kidney-specific megalin knockout almost abolished Dab2 staining, indicating that Dab2 subcellular localization requires megalin in the proximal tubule. Reciprocally, knockout of Dab2 led to a redistribution of megalin from endosomes to microvilli. In addition, there was an overall decrease in levels of megalin protein observed by immunoblotting but no decrease in clathrin or alpha-adaptin protein levels or in megalin mRNA. In rat yolk sac epithelial BN16 cells, Dab2 was present apically and colocalized with megalin. Introduction of anti-Dab2 antibody into BN16 cells decreased the internalization of 125I-labeled receptor-associated protein, substantiating the role of Dab2 in megalin-mediated endocytosis. The present study shows that Dab2 is localized in the apical endocytic apparatus of the renal proximal tubule and that this localization requires megalin. Furthermore, the study suggests that the urinary loss of megalin ligands observed in Dab2 knockout mice is caused by suboptimal trafficking of megalin, leading to decreased megalin levels.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1996

[Combined treatment with resection, intraoperative hypotonic and post-operative systemic chemotherapy using cis-platinum for a mediastinal yolk sac tumor: a case report].

Generally yolk sac tumor in the mediastinum is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm. We report a case of yolk sac tumor, which was treated with resection, and then intraoperative hypotonic and postoperative systemic chemotherapy. A 33-year-old man was diagnosed as a mediastinal tumor with chest X-ray and chest CT findings. At operation he had mediastinal tumor which invaded to the part of the right upper lobe and pericardium, disseminated on the right diaphragm. A large tumor was removed with partial pericardiectomy and wedge resection of the right upper lobe. After resection hypotonic chemotherapy with cis-platinum was performed. This tumor had endodermal sinus structure, Schiller-Duval body, and eosinophilic hyaline globolus which were histological characteristics of yolk sac tumor, and the value of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was high. After operation with this diagnosis systemic chemotherapy consisted of cis-platinum, etoposide were performed. Patient was discharged uneventfully 8 months later.

Adult↗