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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Laser non-contact drug delivery methods: mathematical and experimental substantiation.

This article outlines the existing methods for parenteral drug delivery. It also presents novel alternative methods based on laser technologies, namely laser impregnation and laser injection. A mathematical model is constructed to calculate laser impregnator's technical parameters, such as the energy density of laser radiation, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency. This model also makes it possible to estimate the increase in the diffusion rate of drug preparations when they are impregnated through multilayer structures, such as the skin. Moreover, this article presents experimental results on Er:YAG laser injection of various drug media, such as spirit solutions, aqueous solutions, and ointments. These preparations were injected into gelatinous gel and autopsy skin samples. Possible clinical application is considered for these laser transcutaneous drug delivery methods.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2001

[Intracavernous auto-injection therapy with papaverine phentolamine via an auto-injection pen for patients with an erectile dysfunction: similar results achieved in family practice and urology].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of an auto-injection therapy with papaverine-phentolamine (using an auto-injection pen) prescribed by a GP or a urologist, in patients with erectile dysfunction. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, descriptive. METHOD: A total of 603 men with erectile dysfunction who were prescribed papaverine-phentolamine auto-injection by 59 GPs and 76 urologists participated in the study. The physician completed a questionnaire at the first visit and during the three follow-up visits (the last at 6 months) and the patient kept a diary and gave a satisfaction score on a nine-point scale. RESULTS: The cause of the erectile dysfunction was most commonly psychogenic/mixed somatic-psychogenic in the GP group and most commonly vascular in the urologist group (p > 0.05). The somatic comorbidity was the same (70%), whereas the prevalence of psychological symptoms differed (GP group: 6%; urologist group: 7%; p < 0.001). Attendance at all of the follow-up examinations was 38% for the GP group and 17% for the urologist group. The mean starting dose in the GP group was 0.49 ml and in the urologist group 0.70 ml (p < 0.001). The mean end dose was the same (about 1 ml). The frequency of adverse reactions was 9%: haematoma (5%), prolonged erection (1.8%). During the course of the investigation, 38% of the patients (31% in the GP group; 40% in the urologist group) discontinued the treatment owing to a limited effect, adverse reactions, difficult administration or problems related to the partner. In both the GP and the urologist group, 72% of the patients and 77% of the partners were satisfied or very satisfied with the auto-injection pen treatment. The patient's mean satisfaction score was 7.2. CONCLUSION: Whether the patient was treated by a GP or a urologist, the auto-injection therapy with papaverine-phentolamine for erectile dysfunction, using an auto-injection pen, was well tolerated and was highly appreciated by both the patients and their partners. Nevertheless one third of the patients discontinued the treatment prior to the end of the study. The mean end dose of the medication was the same in both groups.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

The efficacy of influenza vaccination in a boys' boarding school.

Vaccination against influenza of boys resident in a public school (Winchester College) was followed some months later by an outbreak of the disease at the school. Analysis of the sickness records of all the boys shows that vaccination prevented disease in a large number of the pupils, reduced peak temperatures in those who nevertheless contracted the disease, and led to a shorter illness than in the unvaccinated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1965

Dermojet histopathological artifacts.

The Dermojet has recently become popular as a new tool in dermatology. The injection of local anesthetic agents or of steroid preparations into the skin by pressure is a convenience for the physician and protects the patient from the psychological and physical trauma of a needle.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1975

[Rapid injection technique as a routine for the IVP (results of 144 examinations with various contrast media) (author's transl)].

Report on experience with routinely used rapid injection technique for IVP's with various contrast media at present on sale. Side effects and quality of contrast are compared. The methylglutaminsalt of Ioxitalamin acid has least side-effects, but for contrast, particularly its persistence in time-consuming examinations, it is inferior to the sodium-methyl-glucamin salt mixtures (here the Ioxitalamin and Amidotrizoe-acids). The importance of routine use of the rapid injection technique for problems of hypertension and the additional information made possible are emphasized.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed1992

[The immediate and late results of treating patients with nonspecific lung diseases by using the local administration of kontrikal and antibiotics].

An analysis was made of the short- and long-term (1.5-2 years) results of the treatment of 75 patients with acute abscess and 101 with lingering pneumonia using different routes of administration of proteinase inhibitors and antibiotics. The high efficacy was demonstrated of the local intrapulmonary and endobronchial administration of the proteinase inhibitor contrykal and antibiotics. The treatment method suggested was found to compare favourably with the common route of the drug administration. The treatment is well tolerated and promotes the shortening of the times of the patients' stay in the hospital, reduces the number of complications and residual phenomena, prevents the disease relapses and their transformation to chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. The clinical recovery of the patients with acute lung abscess was reached in 91.4% of cases whereas in the reference group, only in 66.7%. In the patients with lingering pneumonia, the recovery was noted in 85.4%, in the reference group, in 27.5% of cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Age-related characteristics of ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in children].

To reveal possible age-dependent variations in the ceftazidime pharmacokinetics, the drug plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC in 10 children aged 2 to 13 years with peritonitis. The blood specimens were collected 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous bolus administration of ceftazidime (Kefadym, Eli Lilly) in a single dose of 20 mg/kg. The mean values of the model-independent parameters were: total clearance (Cl), 3.3 +/- 0.8 ml/min.kg; steady-state distribution volume, 0.32 +/- 0.06 ml/kg; mean residence time, 1.7 +/- 0.4 hours. The C-coordinate of the gravity center was equal to 26 +/- 7 mg/l. A noticeable age-dependent decrease in Cl was detected by comparing the Cl estimates in our study for the children aged 7.0 +/- 3.0 years with earlier findings in children aged 12 years as well as in adults (18 and 26 years) and elderly patients (77 years): 2.5, 2.2, 2.0 and 1.1 ml/min.kg, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the ceftazidime volume of distribution (Varea). Due to the described reduction in Cl and Varea the age-induced changes in the half-life of ceftazidime were negligible. The age-dependent differences in ceftazidime pharmacokinetics should be taken into account in designing rational dosage regimens for the drug administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The clinico-immunological validation of associated immunization].

Clinico-immunological studies on men were conducted using associated immunization by pair combinations of 8 commercial national vaccines (typhoid, plague, typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera and sextaanatoxine). As for reactogenicity and immunological efficiency (serological studies), these pair associations can be subdivided into three main groups. The first group consists of pair combinations of vaccines that cannot exert any influence on immunogenicity of cause the development of frequent post-vaccination reaction or temporary disability (typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever vaccines). These preparations are completely compatible in every combination. The second group includes plague and cholera vaccines that reduce its immunogenicity under the influence of more active antigens or increase its reactogenicity being associated with typhoid vaccine or sextaanatoxine. The third group is composed of typhoid vaccine and sextaanatoxine that have high reactogenicity and stable serological shifts. Associations of the first group are the most favourable for anti-epidemiological practice.

Adolescent↗