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Results for “LACRIMAL APPARATUS”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[MRI dacryocystography after applying gadolinium-containing eyedrops].

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of MRI for the lacrimal drainage system after conjunctival application of gadolinium-DTPA solution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI dacryocystography of 32 nasolacrimal duct systems was performed in 16 patients additional to digital subtraction dacryocystography. The gadolinium solution was prepared by diluting the commercially available gadolinium-DTPA (Magnevist, Schering AG, Berlin) 1:10 in sterile saline solution. 3 x 2 drops of this contrast medium were instilled bilaterally immediately before MRI scanning. RESULTS: MRI dacryocystography provided detailed information on the nasolacrimal duct system in all 32 cases. In 16 cases localisation and functional degree of nasolacrimal duct obstruction or stenosis was determined reliably. In 15 cases normal nasolacrimal duct system showed no contrast enhancement. In one case stenosis of the canaliculus was observed. CONCLUSION: MRI dacryocystography provides detailed morphological soft tissue information of the lacrimal drainage system. Local conjunctival application of gadolinium solution allows functional tests of the lacrimal duct system in patients suffering from epiphora.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Value of spiral CT in the diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct stenosis].

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate postdacryocystographic spiral CT in the diagnosis of stenoses of the nasolacrimal duct system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Dacryocystography and postdacryocystographic spiral CT were performed in 11 patients with epiphora. RESULTS: Postdacryocystographic spiral CT results in detailed information about the nasolacrimal duct system. Localization, degree, and aetiology of stenoses can be determined more reliably than with dacryocystography alone. CONCLUSION: Postdacryocystographic spiral CT improves planning surgical or radiological interventions such as balloon dacryocystoplasty of the nasolacrimal duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Detection of human papillomavirus types in tumors and inflammations of the eye].

BACKGROUND: Infections by the human papillomavirus occur in the skin and in the mucosa. They may play a significant role in the neoplastic transformation of cells. At least half of all the epithelial tumours of the ocular surface and the lacrimal drainage system have been shown to be HPV associated. However, in ca. 50% of these tumors only a limited number of mucosal HPV types could be detected by commercially available test systems. This study reports of HPV specific sequences in putatively HPV associated tumorous and inflamed tissues of the eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 biopsies of 26 patients suffering from chronic hyperplastic lesions of the lid, conjunctiva and lacrimal drainage system were examined using DNA extraction, amplification of HPV specific sequences by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and sequencing of the PCR products. RESULTS: Ten HPV types could be detected in 11 biopsies of 8 patients with papillo-mas, seborrheic and actinic keratosis, dacryocystitis and syringoma. In 5 of 9 histologically verified papillomas HPV 6, 20, 23, DL 332 (HPV 5b-related), DL 284 (HPV 20-related) and NN-AA44 were detected, HPV 5b, 38 and DL 284 in seborrheic keratoses, HPV 36 in actinic keratosis, NN-AA44 und NN-AA45 in dacryocystitis and HPV 20, 23 and DL 332 in syringoma. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA techniques used in this study represent important methods for the detection of HPV types and allow an association of HPV types with defined tumours and inflammations of the eye. In two of the biopsies putatively new HPV types could be identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis as lacrimal sac tumor].

HISTORY AND SIGNS: This is a report on a patient, who presented an ulcerated lesion (1.5 x 1.2 cm) in the lacrimal sac area. The lesion had existed for 3 months before the patient went to an ophthalmologist. The lacrimal pathway was rinsable all the time. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: The patient was treated by antibiotics and leukase cones at first. But the lesion showed no tendency to heal under this therapy. The patient was sent to the ETN department for further investigations. At this time the suspicion of a malignant process was discussed. In the meantime the lesion became epithelialized, but no closure could be reached at any time. The CT scans showed a bone defect of 1 cm of the lamina papyracea. Tumorous tissue passed through this defect reaching the ulcer at the medial canthal angle. A biopsy was been taken and revealed granulomatous tissue typical for a Wegener's granulomatosis. The patient was sent to an Internal medicine department, but he died one month later due to systemic disorders of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although an acute dacryocystitis is most often the reason for a lacrimal sac swelling and inflammation, in all cases of rinsable lacrimal pathway and long term lacrimal sac ectasy a neoplastic or a granulomatous reason has to be excluded.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1998

[Endoscopy of the lacrimal ducts].

SUMMARY: The study presents a new technic for the examination of the lacrymal duct; i.e. the endoscopy. It demonstrates the advantages and permits to open up new ways to act on the lacrymal duct. METHODS AND PATIENTS: The seventy two patients examined by means of endoscopy between January 1997 and May 1997 have had all a clear pathology: epiphora, chronic or acute dacryocystite in a remission phase. Some patients were at the same time examined radiogically, by means of a dacryocystorhinography. RESULTS: In all the cases studied using both technics, the endoscopy made it possible to put into evidence the origin of the epiphora or the dacryocystite with a much higher precision than with radiographies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The endoscopy of the lacrymal duct is the best examination technic in the lacrymal pathology and should in a near future replace the dacryocystorhinography.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed1998

[Primary high malignancy B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac].

Case report on a 44-year-old woman in good health with the symptoms of epiphora, a plump elastic, not distressing swelling under the medial canthal tendon of 1 cm size on the right side. In ultrasonography and intraoperatively a tumour of moderate reflectivity with infiltration of the lacrimal sac was found. The histological evaluation, including immunohistochemical studies of the removed lesion, revealed a malignant B-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical aspects and histopathology of caruncular tumors].

BACKGROUND: Histologically the lacrimal caruncle represents a transition zone between the conjunctiva and the skin containing cutaneous, conjunctival and lacrimal elements. This accounts for a variety of histopathological changes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on the histopathological findings of 65 caruncular lesions which were referred for excisional biopsy between 1974 and 1995 to the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Heidelberg. The age of the patients ranged from 10-87 years (mean 42 +/- 18.2). RESULTS: Histopathologic diagnoses included 29 (45%) nevi, 15 (23%) papillomas, 7 (11%) chronic inflammatory lesions and 4 (6%) epidermoid cysts. In addition, 4 (6%) semimalignant and malignant tumours were found including one basalioma, one squamous cell carcinoma and two Kaposi-sarcomas. Among the remaining 8% a dermoid cyst, an accessory lacrimal gland with a retention cyst, an epithelial implantation cyst, a teleangiectatic granuloma and an oncocytoma were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that malignant caruncular lesions are rare, however excisional biopsy appears prudent in order to establish the histological diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland].

A 38-year-old female presented with a left-sided peripheral N. VI-paresis and negative neuroradiologic work-up. After one year she developed an incomplete N. III paresis, numbness of her face correlating to N. V1 and V2, reduced lacrimal secretion as well as a palpable mass at the lateral orbital rim. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an orbital tumor extending into the cavernous sinus. Biopsy disclosed an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland with basaloid, cribriform and tubular pattern. Therefore, an exenteration with postoperative radiation therapy was performed. Immunohistochemical findings included positive reactions for keratin (KL-1 and AE 1 + 3), Vimentin and Egp 34. By determination of Ki 67 the proliferative activity of the tumor was found to be 15%. Our case report demonstrates that even in absence of an exophthalmus or pain a malignant orbital tumor may be assumed as the underlying cause for a combined monolateral oculomotor and trigeminal paresis. Immunohistochemical results support the notion, that the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland may arise from precursor cells of the terminal duct system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) of the caruncle].

The lacrimal caruncle of an 11-year-old female patient developed a 2 mm x 3 mm-sized growth with the primary appearance of an abscess. The process did not regress under local antibiotic therapy and was excised. Histological examination revealed histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma).

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Ophthalmologic peculiarities of sarcoidosis].

The present paper deals with the frequency of different ophthalmic sarcoid changes and their morphological and photographic characteristics. In addition, the diagnostic value of conjunctival biopsy is evaluated. The findings were based on repeated ophthalmological examinations of an unselected group of 281 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Conjunctival (37/218) and lacrimal gland (33/254) changes were encountered more often than sarcoid uveitis (22/281), and a conjunctival granuloma was the most frequent single sarcoid ophthalmic finding. Sarcoid changes in the eyes and the adnexae were often characterized by a scarcity of symptoms and a typical outward appearance. In some cases of sarcoid uveitis fluorescein angiography revealed in the iris and the retina nodules which showed features suggesting the proliferative nature of the disease. The iris infrared transillumination technique illustrated the affinity of sarcoid nodules in the pupillary area. Conjunctival biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis in nearly half of the patients in whom it was suspected in a slit-lamp examination of the conjunctivae. In the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, conjunctival biopsy is a procedure to be recommended before more demanding methods are tried.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

[Digital subtraction dacryocystography].

A comparison of 17 radiological examinations of the lacrimal pathways performed on twelve patients using digital subtraction and conventional film technique showed that digital subtraction dacryocystography yields images of superior quality. Digital subtraction makes enhanced imaging of the opacified tear duct as well as elimination of super-imposing skeletal structures possible, which with conventional techniques frequently impair diagnostic accuracy. In measurements of the radiation dose sustained by the crystalline lens, the radiation level with digital subtraction was found to be considerably lower than with the conventional method.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Light and electron microscopy studies of actinomycosis of the lacrimal duct].

For the first time we present electron-microscopic results of an actinomycosis of the lacrimal canaliculus. The interior of the actinomycotic conglomerate showed no evidence of a cellular defence reaction but in the loosly woven outer network of hyphae we observed a massive granulocytic reaction. Also, after phagocytosis the structure of the actinomycotic micro-organisms within the granulocytes is not significantly damaged. Within the tissue of the lacrimal canaliculus adjacent to the actinomycotic conglomerate we observed an increased number of plasmacells but no pathogenic organisms.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1980

[Congenital fistulae of the lacrimal gland--a case report (author's transl)].

Congenital fistulae of the lacrimal gland are rarely reported. In the case described here, a 5-year-old girl presented with the orifice of the lacrimal duct situated outside the temporal canthus. Although complications (ascendant infection or skin maceration) are unlikely the treatment of choice is operative correction (excision of the tract or transplantation to the conjunctival epithelium). The fistula may be a result of invagination of the surface epithelium before the lid folds have formed or by the rupture of a cyst of the lacrimal gland.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Role of T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.

PURPOSE: MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice (MRL/lpr) spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease, including lacrimal gland lesions, which are a model for Sjögren's syndrome. Target organ lesions in MRL/lpr mice are composed largely of CD4+ T cells, and treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD4 improves in the systemic autoimmune disease but not the lacrimal gland inflammation. In anti-CD4 mAb-treated MRL/lpr mice, the lacrimal gland lesions are composed largely of CD8+ T cells. The effects of depletion of: (1) all T cells; (2) both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and (3) only CD8+ T cells on the lacrimal gland disease were investigated. METHODS: MRL/lpr mice underwent neonatal thymectomy and were treated with weekly injections of 6 mg of anti-Thy 1 mAb from age one week until sacrifice at age five months. Control nonthymectomized mice underwent similar treatment with either saline or normal rat immunoglobulin (rIg) injections. In a second experiment, MRL/lpr mice were treated with weekly injections of either: (1) 2 mg anti-CD4 mAb and 5 mg anti-CD8; or (2) 5 mg anti-CD8 alone. Control mice underwent similar treatment with either saline or rIg injections. RESULTS: Combined treatment with neonatal thymectomy and anti-Thy 1 mAb was effective in reducing the lacrimal gland disease in both frequency (50% > or = grade 3 vs. 100% in controls, P < 0.002) and extent (median 0% of lacrimal gland area involved by inflammation vs. 14.8% in controls; P = 0.01). Combined anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 therapy also was effective in reducing the lacrimal gland disease in terms of frequency (25% grade 3 vs. 93% in controls; P = 0.002) and extent (median 0% of lacrimal gland involved by inflammation vs. 12.9% in controls; P = 0.0005). Treatment with anti-CD8 mAb therapy alone was ineffective. The systemic autoimmune disease was also improved by T cell depletion and by combined anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAb therapy but not by anti-CD8 mAb therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is required to suppress lacrimal gland inflammation in MRL/lpr mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Epiphora due to compression of the lacrimal sac by a supernumerary blind sac.

A 23-year-old male had suffered from epiphora in the left eye since childhood. There was no history of infection or trauma. A supernumerary punctum was seen in the left lacrimal caruncle on examination. Subsequent dacryocystography and computer tomography showed a blind-ended sac that was connected to the supernumerary punctum, but not to the normally developed nasolacrimal system. When distended with secretion, this blind-ended lacrimal sac caused compression and obstruction of the normal lacrimal drainage pathway, which led to epiphora. The epiphora disappeared after surgical removal of the supernumerary system.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Young men with epiphora: management by an innovative surgical technique (the Safdarjang suture).

A congenital medial canthal anomaly was identified as the cause of epiphora in 18 young adult male patients. This anomaly consists of anomalous anterior displacement of the medial palpebral ligament causing a lack of adequate apposition of the medial end of the lower lid to the globe. The lacrimal punctum does not dip into the lacrimal lake, thereby causing epiphora. An innovative surgical technique is described involving the passage of a suture in the pretarsal plane along the lid margin to correct the deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The treatment of lacrimal gland prolapse in blepharoplasty.

Careful evaluation of the patient undergoing blepharoplasty should include an assessment of lacrimal gland position. Lacrimal gland prolapse, if uncorrected at the time of surgery, will result in lid asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy of the lacrimal gland, the causes of herniation, and the surgical management in conjunction with blepharoplasty.

Adult↗