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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Studies on the antigenic specificity of Mycobacterium leprae. II. Immunological characterization.

Antigens from untreated and autoclaved Mycobacterium leprae obtained through chromatofocusing were tested for their ability to both induce as well as elicit skin reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized either with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria or with the fractions derived from autoclaved M. leprae. In former studies, of the several antigen-positive fractions, one showed specific activity and the remaining others cross-reactivity, as indicated by studies of hypersensitivity. The fraction exhibiting specificity contained only one antigen, whereas the other fractions contained more than one antigen. Because of the technique employed, all the fractions contained antigens that were proteinic in nature. In the latter studies, the antigens obtained from autoclaved M. leprae were shown to possess sensitizing capabilities, in addition to induction properties. Two fractions from untreated M. leprae had antigens that were heat-labile, whereas the remaining fractions contained heat-stable antigens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leprosy in India.

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Child↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for clonal selection of gamma/delta T cells in response to a human pathogen.

T cells bearing gamma/delta antigen receptors comprise a resident population of intraepithelial lymphocytes in organs such as skin, gut, and lungs, where they are strategically located to contribute to the initial defense against infection. An important unsolved question about antigen-driven gamma/delta T cell responses regards the breadth of their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, since many specific epithelial compartments in mice display limited diversity. We have examined the diversity of TCR delta gene expression among human gamma/delta T cells from skin lesions induced by intradermal challenge with Mycobacterium leprae. We show that the vast majority of gamma/delta cells from M. leprae lesions use either V delta 1-J delta 1 or V delta 2-J delta 1 gene rearrangements and, within a given region of the lesion, display limited junctional diversity. This contrasts markedly with the extensive diversity of gamma/delta T cells from peripheral blood of these same individuals, as well as skin from normal donors. These results indicate that the gamma/delta response to M. leprae involves the selection of a limited number of clones from among a diverse repertoire, probably in response to specific mycobacterial and/or host antigens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

A recessive major gene controls the mitsuda reaction in a region endemic for leprosy.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The Mitsuda reaction is a delayed granulomatous skin reaction elicited by intradermal injection of heat-killed M. leprae. Interestingly, results of the Mitsuda test are positive in the majority of individuals, even in areas not endemic for M. leprae. Like leprosy, the Mitsuda reaction is thought to be genetically controlled, but its mode of inheritance is unknown, although the role of the NRAMP1 gene has previously been reported. METHODS: We conducted a segregation analysis of quantitative Mitsuda reactivity in 168 Vietnamese nuclear families ascertained through patients with leprosy. RESULTS: We found strong evidence (P<10-9) for a major gene controlling the Mitsuda reaction independently of leprosy clinical status. Subsequent linkage analysis showed that this major gene was distinct from NRAMP1. Under the major-gene model, approximately 12% of individuals are homozygous for the recessive predisposing allele and are predicted to display high levels of Mitsuda reactivity (mean, approximately 10 mm, versus 5 mm in other individuals). CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that the Mitsuda reaction is controlled by a major gene. Our study paves the way for the identification of this gene and should provide novel insight into the mechanisms involved in granuloma formation, especially in M. leprae infection.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Immunological studies on leprosy: separation and evaluation of the antigens of Mycobacterium leprae.

Chromatographically separated antigens of Mycobacterium leprae were tested for their ability to elicit skin reactions in guinea-pigs sensitised with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria. Of the three antigen-positive fractions obtained, one showed specific activity and the other two cross-reactivity, as indicated by studies of hypersensitivity and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The fraction exhibiting specificity contained only one antigen, which was protein in nature, whereas the other two fractions contained more than one antigen and possessed both protein and polysaccharide constituents. Because the single-antigen-containing fraction showed both positive skin and PCA reactivity, the suggestion is made that this fraction may contain either an antigen with two determinants or may contain two antigens that are not easily distinguishable by immunodiffusion methods.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serology in leprosy.

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Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

HLA and leprosy in Koreans.

HLA antigens in 157 unrelated Koreans with leprosy have been identified and compared with 162 healthy Korean controls. The patient group consisted of 124 with lepromatous leprosy and 33 with tuberculoid leprosy. Although no significant differences were detected between the two patient groups, several antigens were found to be increased in the combined patient group compared to healthy controls. Two Class I antigens were increased: HLA-A11 (22% vs 12%) and Aw33 (27% vs 14%). Four Class II antigens were increased: HLA-DR1 (16% vs 7%), DR2 (39% vs 21%), DRw9 (14% vs 6%) and DQw1 (74% vs 55%). HLA-DR4 (28% vs 48%), DRw53 (46% vs 69%) and DQw3 (50% vs 75%) in contrast were significantly decreased in patients. Interaction of DR1, DR2, DRw9 and DQw1 as risk factors was analyzed. HLA-DR2 appeared to be the strongest risk factor. No evidence for synergy between DR1, DR2 and DRw9 was detected. DQw1 was not significantly increased in patients in the absence of DR1 and DR2, and thus it was not apparent in this study that DQw1 was an independent risk factor.

Disease Susceptibility↗