PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Muscle Spasticity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative-topographic and temporal characterization of myoelectrical activation patterns: new diagnostic possibilities in neurology, physiotherapy and orthopaedics.

In controls and patients with different syndromes (spastic/flaccid paresis, low back pain syndrome), the myoelectrical activation patterns of complex muscles (M. biceps brachii, M. quadriceps femoris, M. masseter) or synergistic/antagonistic muscle groups in the back region during isometric muscle contractions and defined movements were determined by monopolar 16 (32) channel surface EMG recordings. On the basis of these recordings, maps of myoelectrical activation ("EMG-maps") were calculated. This method permits a detailed quantitative-topographic EMG analysis including the characterization of therapy effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of perinatal cytomegalovirus infection with severe progressive brain atrophy].

A 2-month-old girl had focal tonic convulsions. Brain CT showed no abnormalities on admission. Three weeks later she got a severe epileptic status. T 1-weighted MRI demonstrated low intensity areas in the right occipital and left frontal regions, and enhanced CT demonstrated low density areas in the same region. An increase of CMV antibody titer in serum suspected CMV infection associated with brain infarction. Then gamma-globulin was given in addition to PB, CBZ, and VPA, resulting in suppression of seizures. At 9 months of age, she had right tonic hemiconvulsions. An increase of CMV IgM antibody titer showed reactivation of CMV infection. Acyclovir and gamma-globulin were given, and her seizures were controlled. However, she showed progressive motor disability with spastic muscle tonus. CT and MRI showed a severe progressive atrophy of the cerebrum and brain stem.

Atrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interadductor approach to obturator nerve blockade for spastic conditions of adductor thigh muscles.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The authors describe a new approach for the management of adductor muscle spasm associated with multiple sclerosis and paraplegia. METHODS: An obturator nerve block was performed by needle insertion behind the upper end of the adductor longus muscle; the needle was directed laterally, with slight upward and posterior inclination, toward the obturator canal. The obturator nerve was identified by its response to nerve stimulation. An initial diagnostic block using 5 mL of 2.0% lidocaine followed by two or three prognostic blocks using 5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine were performed. In the final block, 5 mL of 6.0% phenol in glycerin was injected. RESULTS: Evaluation of the efficacy of the block was achieved in terms of its success rate, the degree of alleviation of muscle spasm, the improvement of gait in the patients with multiple sclerosis, and the facilitation of nursing hygienic care in bedridden patients. In comparison with the traditional approach, the success rate and improvements were highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: The interadductor approach is a new approach based on the anatomy of the obturator nerve trunk, which, though in the obturator canal, is shielded by its osseous part from the anteroposterior perspective of the traditional approach. The interadductor approach allows needle positioning inside the obturator canal through a mediolateral perspective, thus facilitating the blockade of the obturator nerve trunk before it branches immediately outside the canal. The new approach proved to be successful, reproducible and without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Neuro-orthopedic and muscle tonus disorders in patients with spinal cord injuries].

Heterotropic ossifications and contractures are frequent during evolution of spinal cord injury. Heterotopic ossifications occur in the first months following the acute state. Hip is the most common localisation. No preventive or curative treatment is available. At an early stage, clinical or instrumental (sonographic) diagnosis may prevent functional consequences. Muscular disbalance, incomplete physiotherapy, tonus disorders lead to contractures of limbs or trunk. They may have severe consequences on activities of dairy living. Surgical procedures may be necessary. Tonus disorders may resist to usual drugs. In this cases, intrathecal infusion of baclofen, injection of botulinus toxin, neurosurgery of orthopedic surgery may be useful.

Contracture↗
PubMed1996

[Muscular spasms associated with a reflex sympathetic dystrophy].

The appearance of involuntary movements in the clinical course of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (DSR) constitutes a rare clinical entity. In this context, the most frequent changes in movements are muscle spasms and focal dystonia, although postural tremor, muscle weakness and rhythmic myoclonus have also been described. The disorder is more frequent in young women and in the lower limbs. It may have a focal, segmental, multifocal, hemicorporal or symmetrical distribution. It is almost always secondary to local trauma. The pathogenesis and most effective treatment are unknown. We present the case of a 62 year old woman with muscle spasms of both legs and feet as a complication of spontaneously appearing DSR. The electromyogram showed continuous non-rhythmic discharges with morphologically normal motor unit potentials in both anterior tibial muscles. The clinical course and symptomatic improvement following treatment with benzodiazepine seems to suggest that the disorder is of central origin.

Causalgia↗
PubMed1997

Soleus neurectomy for dynamic ankle equinus in children with cerebral palsy.

Problems with the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle group can severely impair the gait of children with cerebral palsy. Treatments, including bracing, muscle lengthening, neurectomy, or a combination, have been used with mixed results. Soleus neurectomy was performed as the primary treatment for ankle clonus in 38 legs of 21 children with a variety of cerebral palsies. Concurrent heel cord or muscle lengthening was performed if needed. Patients were followed for an average of 9 years (range, 2 to 14 years). Clonus recurred in 4 treated ankles. In 2 cases, this was due to a nerve anomaly. Postneurectomy Achilles tendon lengthening was required in 8 of the treated ankles. Neurectomy was beneficial for 19 of 21 children. Functional improvements included better control of stopping, better balance, and less toe walking. The greatest improvement was seen in those patients who did not also have heel cord contractures.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1998

[Digital goniometry "Spasmometr GC-2"].

The review of modern application of goniometric assessment in rehabilitation of patients with movement organs system disorders is done by the authors. The construction and principle of operation of digital goniometer, applied to pendulum testing of lower extremities with pathologic changed muscle tone, are described. An electro-optical transducer transmits the digitized time-dependent function of an angle between the thigh and leg axes of subject via an interface to the special computer programme. The function is registered, some coefficients describing extremity motion in joint are determined and the patient is assigned to the proper rehabilitation group by the composed programme. Normal values of the pendulum test coefficients in the asymptomatic subjects are performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The influence of the LK-92 "Adeli" treatment loading suit on electro-neuro-myographic characteristics in patients with infantile cerebral paralysis].

Treatment-loading costume (LK-92 "Adely") was investigated in terms of its influence on functional state of neuromotor apparatus in 25 children with infantile cerebral paralysis in the form of spastic diplegia. Improvement of motor functions observed may be conditioned by a decrease of an amplitude of bioelectric activity in spastic muscles at physiologic rest and by an increase of an amplitude of agonists' biopotentials at arbitrary movements. Improvement of motor functions may be also caused by normalization of both the coefficients characterizing coordinated muscules' interactions and functional state of spinal motoneurons as well as of the mechanisms of their suprasegmental regulation. It is suggested that such effect may be, realized because of the afferentation normalization as well as by means of the influence of LK-92 "Adely" on both central and segmentary structures of motor analyzer including neuromediator systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[A case of intramedullary spinal schwanoma (author's transl)].

A rare case of intramedullary schwannoma of the spinal cord has been reported, The patient was a 30-year-old woman, who began to notice weakness in her right leg approximately 6 months prior to admission, followed 4 months later by numbness and weakness of the right arm. The above symptoms were progressively getting worse, and she was admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital on February 23, 1974. Neurological examination revealed slow speech, bilateral horizontal nystagmus, absent gag reflex and weakness of right trapezius muscle. Spasticity was noted in 4 extremities, in addition to right hemiparesis. All deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive, right more than left, with bilateral Hoffmann's and Babinski's signs. Vibration sense was diminished below the level of bilateral iliac crests. A tumor around the foramen magnum was suspected, however plain skull and neck, laminogram of cervical spines, vertebral arteriogram, fractional pneumoencephalogram and myodil myelogram failed to disclose abnormalities. Manometric Queckenstedt test showed a partial block on flexion, with CSF protein of 56 mg/dl. Air myelogram clearly visualized the presence of an intramedullary tumor at the level of the medullo-spinal junction. Subtotal removal of the intramedullary tumor at C1 was performed, which proved to be a schwannoma histologically. 14 such cases are reported in the literature and summarized on Table I, including our case. Clinical features of tumors around the foramen magnum are fairly complexed, and some radiological examinations might not be conclusive. It is stressed that air myelogram is extremely valuable in the diagnosis of lesions around the foramen magnum.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry.

In 4 patients with spastic hemiparesis the electromyograms (EMG) of leg muscles were recorded during walking and the gastrocnemius medialis on both sides was investigated by histochemistry and morphometry. During walking a reciprocal mode of muscle activation was preserved on the spastic side, but the EMG amplitude was reduced. In one patient the discharge behaviour of single motor units was investigated during stance. The mean discharge rate on both the spastic and the unaffected side amounted to about 5.5 Hz. Modification of this rate over a wider range by manoeuvres of the trunk was only observed on the unaffected side. Histochemistry and morphometry of the spastic muscle revealed: Increased levels of muscle fibre atrophy (especially type II); A predominance of type I fibres during later stages, when spasticity was established; Structural changes, such as the appearance of target fibres, mainly in type I fibres. These results suggest that the low level of tonic activation in spastic muscle develops tension enough during the stance phase of gait to support the body. The histopathological profile of the spastic gastrocnemius muscle is considered to be indicative of denervation, due to the combined effects of an impaired supraspinal control of the lower motoneurone and a concurrent transsynaptic muscle membrane dysfunction, muscle cell atrophy and fibre type transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. II: Emergence of muscle overactivity.

In the subacute and chronic stages of spastic paresis, stretch-sensitive (spastic) muscle overactivity emerges as a third fundamental mechanism of motor impairment, along with paresis and soft tissue contracture. Part II of this review primarily addresses the pathophysiology of the various forms of spastic overactivity. It is argued that muscle contracture is one of the factors that cause excessive responsiveness to stretch, which in turn aggravates contracture. Excessive responsiveness to stretch also impedes voluntary motor neuron recruitment, a concept termed stretch-sensitive paresis. None of the three mechanisms of impairment (paresis, contracture, and spastic overactivity) is symmetrically distributed between agonists and antagonists, which generates torque imbalance around joints and limb deformities. Thus, each may be best treated focally on an individual muscle-by-muscle basis. Intensive motor training of the less overactive muscles should disrupt the cycle of paresis-disuse-paresis, and concomitant use of aggressive stretch and focal weakening agents in their more overactive and shortened antagonists should break the cycle of overactivity-contracture-overactivity.

Contracture↗
PubMed1985

Effects of methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate, Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 on muscle tone in genetically spastic rats.

Genetically spastic rats were used for studying the effect on muscle tone of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methylester (beta-CCM), an inverse benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist, and that of Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216, both putative antagonists of pharmacological actions of BDZs. These animals exhibit pathologically increased muscle tone, which can be recorded and quantified in the electromyogram (EMG) of the gastrocnemius (GS) muscle. beta-CCM, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p., augmented the tonic activity in the EMG of GS muscle in spastic rats while it did not modify muscle tone at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. Diazepam, 0.4 mg/kg i.p., and Ro 15-1788, 5 mg/kg i.p., but not CGS 8216, 5 mg/kg i.p., antagonised the effect of the beta-carboline on muscle tone. Ro 15-1788, at doses of 0.1-5 mg/kg i.p., did not affect muscle tone in the genetically spastic rats, whilst at doses of 25-200 mg/kg the imidazodiazepine dose dependently increased the tonic activity in the EMG. The action of Ro 15-1788, 50 mg/kg i.p., was reversed by diazepam, 0.4 mg/kg i.p., and beta-CCM, 2 mg/kg i.p., while CGS 8216, 5 mg/kg i.p., facilitated the effect of Ro 15-1788 on muscle tone. CGS 8216 at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg i.p. was devoid of any effect on muscle tone, whilst at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg the pyrazoloquinoline increased the tonic activity recorded in the EMG from the GS muscle of the spastic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hindered muscle relaxation in spasticity: experimental evidence suggesting a possible pathophysiological mechanism.

In ten spastic patients and in an equal number of healthy controls, the relaxation phase occurring at the end of an isotonic voluntary contraction has been studied on soleus muscle using EMG and H-reflex methods. In the spastic group, the duration of motor unit-decruitment was consistently prolonged (from two to six times the control values). Moreover, the decrease in the excitability of the H-reflex arc, which normally accompanies the end of muscle contraction was delayed in time, reduced in amplitude or in some cases even absent. As a rule, patients in whom such release-associated inhibition (RAI) was lacking or severely reduced exhibited the longest motor unit-decruitment times, due to the interference of sustained clonic sequences. It is proposed that a lowered effectiveness of RAI might explain the clonic activity which frequently hinders voluntary muscle relaxation in spasticity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Correction of muscle imbalance in spasticity.

A summary is presented of observations made and results obtained during evaluation and preliminary treatment of twenty-one predominantly spastic cerebral palsied subjects, whose neuromuscular function was studied in each of four positions (supine, prone, kneeling and sitting on the floor) and in three dynamic situations (rising to standing, maintaining standing balance, and ambulating). A description is given of the procedures utilized to; (i) correct the imbalance of muscle tone imposing abnormal "resting" joint positions and limiting the range of their voluntary movements, and (ii) assist them in developing the sensorimotor function requisite for postural stability and voluntary motor control, involving exercises performed in each of the four positions and in transitions between them. Resistance exercises performed with the investigator and independent exercises both were included in the program. Case studies of a six-year-old spastic with "pre-athetoid" tendencies, an 11-year old spastic and a 32-year-old spastic are provided to illustrate typical initial evaluations, therapeutic activities subsequently utilized to improve neuromuscular function, and results thereby obtained.

Adult↗