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Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Double-entrapment radial tunnel syndrome.

A symptomatic double-level entrapment of the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve is described. In addition to the more common level of compression at its entrance into the supinator, the posterior interosseous nerve may be entrapped at its exit from the supinator or at multiple levels.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Results of the surgical treatment of ulnar nerve neuropathy in the elbow area].

Osborne's decompression operation is used only in selected cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, where compression is obviously caused by the aponeurotic arch between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris. In all the other cases, when there is subluxation or chronic dislocation of the nerve over the medial epicondyle, when there are adhesions in the postcondylar groove, when any other local cause or no cause at all is found, anterior transposition is preferred. More and more often we tend to use a subcutaneous transposition except in those cases where kinking would be unavoidable due to hypertrophy of flexor muscles. Epicondylectomy has been employed only in a few instances of pseudarthrosis of the medial epicondyle combined with ulnar palsy. Subluxation or dislocation of the ulnar nerve has been found in our series in 36,5% of 338 cases, which is more than indicated by Childress for a normal population (16%) and more than indicated in most reports of operated cases. This may be due to the fact that we pay particular attention to subluxation, finding it at operation in many cases where the subluxation could not be demonstrated clinically. Other abnormalities encountered were: hypertrophy of the medial head of triceps (15%); an ulnar nerve buried in the triceps muscle (3%); abnormal septa inserting into the medial intermuscular septum and constricting the nerve (1%); an epitrochleo-anconaeal muscle in 31 cases (9%), less often than indicated by Mumenthaler as being the normal frequency (20%). The aponeurotic arch between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris was missing in 5% of cases. With the techniques advocated, improvement and healing occurred subjectively in 78%, clinically in 92%, and neurographically in 63,5% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Painful vascular compression syndrome of the sciatic nerve caused by gluteal varicosities.

The authors report three patients with chronic sciatic pain without focal neurologic deficit. Sitting or lying on the affected side provoked pain, and standing and walking relieved it. MRI revealed varicotic gluteal vessels compressing the sciatic nerve. Decompression of the nerve resulted in complete and permanent pain relief. Sciatic or buttock pain in patients with varicosities and pain provocation in the sitting or lying position suggests this neurovascular compression syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Extragenital endometriosis leading to piriformis syndrome].

We report on a 44-year-old woman with a history of sciatica fluctuating with her menstrual cycle and going back over 10 years; ultimately it was present continuously and became disabling. Over the years the patient developed ipsilateral foot-drop, a sensory disorder in the lateral aspect of the lower limb and back of the foot, and atrophy of the gluteus muscle. MRI confirmed the suspicion of extragenital endometriosis, which had caused piriformis syndrome by compression with consequent damage to the sciatic and inferior gluteal nerves. After hormonal therapy had been tried without success, the endometrioma was excised to relieve the pressure on the nerves, and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically. The motor deficit remained up to the 15 months since surgery, but the patient is now free of pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Compression of the anterior interosseous nerve by Gantzer's muscle].

The authors report a case of incomplete anterior interosseous nerve syndrome due to mechanical compression by Gantzer's muscle. This accessory muscle induced an isolated paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus with a characteristic pinch attitude. No improvement was shown after six weeks of medical treatment. Recovery was rapid and complete following surgical relief of compression. Anatomical considerations, clinical features, and treatment are discussed.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1996

[Supinator syndrome. Entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve].

Activity related pain on the lateral side of the elbow or proximal on the forearm may be caused by compression of the posterior interosseous nerve in the radial tunnel. A number of different specialties can be involved in this patient. Often there is no effect of conservative treatment. Several investigations show that the condition can be treated surgically with good to excellent results in the majority of patients. Often the patients suffer a number of concomitant overuse syndromes. The clinical characteristics and the surgical approach to the problem is described and illustrated by two case stories.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Repetitive trauma and nerve compression.

Repetitive movement of the upper extremity, whether recreational or occupational, may result in various neuropathies, the prototype of which is the median nerve neuropathic in the carpal canal. The pathophysiology of this process is incompletely understood but likely involves both mechanical and ischemic features. Experimentally increased pressures within the carpal canal produced reproducible progressive neuropathy. Changes in vibratory (threshold-type) sensibility appears to be more sensitive than two-point (innervation density-type) sensibility. The specific occupational etiologies of carpal neuropathy are obscured by methodologic and sociological difficulties, but clearly some occupations have high incidences of CTS. History and physical examination are usually sufficient for the diagnosis, but diagnostic assistance when required is available through electrophysiological testing, CT scanning, and possibly MRI. Each of these tests has limitations in both sensitivity and specificity. Treatment by usual conservative means should be combined with rest from possible provocative activities. Surgical release of the carpal canal is helpful in patients failing conservative therapy. Occupational modifications are important in both treatment and prevention of median neuropathy due to repetitive trauma.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremities.

The three syndromes described in this article were chosen from about a dozen nerve-compression disorders that affect the arm from scapula to digits. They illustrate the range of problems encountered. None of the other syndromes are as common, and in some instances (pronator syndrome and anterior interosseous syndrome), localized inflammation is at least as common a cause of neuropathy as is compression. Some syndromes of nerve compression have important implications for musicians, athletes, and those who place stress on the upper limbs through heavy or repeated use. Well-designed prospective trials are clearly needed to expand our knowledge of the prevention and treatment of the entrapment neuropathies. Much more needs to be known about the long-term natural history of these disorders, since prevention is usually possible.

Arm↗
PubMed2006

Entrapment neuropathies of the shoulder and elbow in the athlete.

MRI is a useful diagnostic method for evaluating nerve disease at the shoulder and elbow. MRI can depict the normal anatomy of the nerves, confirm and identify the cause of the neuropathy, identify the site of entrapment based on muscle denervation patterns, and detect unsuspected space-occupying lesions. MRI can also narrow down the differential diagnosis of nerve disease, such as in the case of suprascapular nerve syndrome versus Parsonage-Turner syndrome, or radial tunnel syndrome versus lateral epicondylitis. Large prospective studies with surgical correlation, however, are still necessary to better elucidate MRI's exact role in the assessment of entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity.

Athletic Injuries↗