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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cholesterol and cancer in a population of male civil service workers.

Cancer incidence and mortality were ascertained in a cohort of 1910 male participants of the Albany Cardiovascular Health Center (CVHC). The New York State Cancer Registry, vital records files, CVHC follow-up records, New York State Retirement System files, and New York State Department of Motor Vehicles driver's license files were used. Serum cholesterol measurements as well as values for other exposure variables were obtained from records of medical examinations which began in 1953-1954. The study cohort was divided into two groups, based on initial serum cholesterol measurement (less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml and less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml). For total cancers, both incidence and mortality were similar in these groups. For digestive cancer, both incidence and mortality were slightly lower in the less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml group. The deficit was not statistically significant. For respiratory cancer, relative risk and rate ratio estimates were in the range of 1.4-1.7 for incidence and mortality. The excess risk in the less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml group was of borderline statistical significance. The association was concentrated in the lowest cholesterol quintile rather than suggesting a strong dose-response relationship. The estimates were not found to be confounded by cigarette smoking, body mass index, education or age. A reduction in the crude rate ratio estimate from 1.5 to 1.2 was observed when early cases were excluded, suggesting that part of the observed excess may be due to preclinical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic effects of inhaled synthetic smog and ferric oxide particles.

The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic activity of synthetic smog, ferric oxide (Fe2O3) dust, and a mixture of the two air contaminants was determined in a long-term inhalation study with Syrian hamsters. Inhaled Fe2O3 particles definitely enhanced diethylnitrosamine tumorigenicity in the peripheral lung. Synthetic smog did not. When tested at a concentration of 40 ppm methane equivalents or 40 mg/m3, respectively, neither air pollutant by itself appeared carcinogenic. Fe2O3 caused pulmonary fibrosis and synthetic smog caused alveolar bronchiolization in many of the exposed animals.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

Cancer mortality among Alaskan natives, 1960-69.

During 1960-69, 321 reported deaths among Alaskan natives (Eskimos, Indians, and Aleuts) were attributed to cancer. This number is not significantly different from the cancer mortality of U.S. Caucasians during this period, but is significantly higher than that of U.S. Indians. The mortality of Alaskan natives from cancers of the nasopharynx, esophagus, kidneys, and salivary glands was significantly increased. Among Alaskan Caucasians, only nasopharyngeal cancer was in excess in both sexes. Deficits in mortality among Alaskan Caucasians for cancers of other sites may be attributable, at least in part, to selection factors associated with the migration of healthy workers into the State.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Risk of cancer and exposure to gasoline vapors.

Until the introduction of self-service around 1970, service station workers in the Nordic countries were exposed to gasoline vapors. Based on measurements reported in the literature, the 8-hour time-weighted average benzene exposure was estimated to be in the range of 0.5-1 mg/m3. We studied the cancer incidence in a cohort of 19,000 service station workers from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. They were identified from the 1970 censuses and followed through 20 years, where 1,300 incident cancers were observed. National incidence rates were used for comparison. The incidence was not increased for leukemia (observed = 28, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.3) not for acute myeloid leukemia (observed = 13, SIR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7-2.1). The incidence was slightly elevated for kidney cancer observed = 57, SIR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7) and for pharyngeal, laryngeal, and lung cancer. A 3.5-fold risk of nasal cancer was found (observed = 12, SIR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-6.1). This cohort exposed to gasoline vapors with benzene levels estimated to be 0.5-1 mg/m3 showed no excess risk of leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia, a 30% elevated risk of kidney cancer, and a previously unnoticed risk of nasal cancer.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1976

Cancer mortality and asbestos deposits.

Asbestos deposits are found in many parts of the United States. In this paper the question is asked: Is there an increase in risk from cancer associated with naturally-occurring asbestos? In an attempt to control for the urban effect, geographic gradient and socioeconomic class, each county in the United States with asbestos deposits was matched for percent of area that was urban and for median years in school with two nearby counties that did not have known asbestos deposits. The study of cancer mortality rates in these matched counties provides no evidence that naturally-occurring asbestos is a great hazard to the general population of counties with asbestos depostis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Second primary neoplasms in thyroid cancer patients.

To determine risk patterns for second primary neoplasms after the occurrence of thyroid cancer, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3321 thyroid cancer patients who were operated and histologically confirmed at the Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation between 1946 and 1985. They were followed from the date of operation through the end of 1990 with an observation period from 45 to 5 years. The average observation period of the patients was 13.4 years and the follow-up rate reached 98%. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was computed to assess possible risk increase by cancer site. In this computation, the time period less than 5 years after operation was omitted to reduce the influence of deaths related to the original thyroid cancer. A total of 103 deaths from malignant neoplasms other than thyroid cancer were observed during this time period (SMR = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-2.0). Analyses of site-specific cancer mortality revealed significantly elevated risks for the central nervous system (SMR = 16.1, CI = 5.2-37.6) and respiratory organs (SMR = 2.6, CI = 1.5-4.1). Based on a review of available medical records with histological findings, we concluded that the risk increases for these sites were most likely to be attributable to second primary neoplasms. Whether or not the patients had received radiotherapy was not significantly associated with elevated risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify the risk factors responsible for the above findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Upper aerodigestive cancer in battery manufacturers and steel workers exposed to mineral acid mists.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of cancer from inhalation of mineral acid mists. METHODS: A cohort study and nested case-control study of upper aerodigestive tumours were carried out in men employed since 1950 at two battery plants and two steel works in Britain. The cohort was identified from personnel records and included 2678 men with definite exposure to acid mists (mainly sulphuric acid), 367 with possible exposure, and 1356 who were unexposed. Mortality was compared with that in the national population by the person-years method. Cases of upper aerodigestive cancer were identified from death certificates and cancer registrations, and their exposure to acids was compared with that of age matched controls (five per case) from the same plant by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: In follow up to 31 December 1993, 93% of men were traced, including 1277 who had died. Among the men definitely exposed to acid mists, overall mortality was less than in the national population (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.85-0.98) as was mortality from all cancers (SMR 0.92, 95% CI 0.79-1.05) and specifically from cancer of the larynx (SMR 0.48, 95% CI 0.01-2.70) and lung (SMR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78-1.22). A total of 15 incident or fatal cases of upper aerodigestive cancer were identified during follow up. When these men were compared with controls, risk was moderately increased in those who had worked for at least five years in jobs entailing exposures to sulphuric or hydrochloric acid in excess of 1 mg/m3 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.4-10). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with those from other studies which have indicated a hazard of upper aerodigestive cancer from acid mists. However, they indicate that any risk from exposures to sulphuric and hydrochloric acid below 1 mg/m3 is small.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2006

Transbronchial needle injection: a systematic review of a new diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transbronchial needle catheters are commonly used during flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for needle aspiration. The use of these catheters can be expanded by employing the technique of transbronchial needle injection. METHODS AND RESULTS: By injecting lesions in the airways, peribronchial structures, mediastinum, or lung parenchyma, transbronchial needle injection has been applied to the treatment of lung cancer, inflammatory disorders of the airways, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, as well as bronchopleural fistulas. Diagnostic applications have included the localization of peripheral lung nodules as well as sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Our review defines this bronchoscopic technique and summarizes its various reported applications.

Bronchoscopy↗