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The truth about condoms.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

STDs and the pill.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Country watch: Kenya.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women seeking termination of pregnancy.

Fifty consecutive unmarried women seeking termination of pregnancy in Toa Payoh Hospital were analysed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection as compared to gonococcal infection. Cases harbouring chlamydial infection were followed up to exclude postabortal pelvic infection. Incidence of positive cultures were also compared among the various ethnic groups in the population. Results from the data analysed showed that chlamydial infection was significantly more prevalent than gonorrhoea in our local women seeking therapeutic abortion. However, further research to define the exact size of the problem is indicated.

Abortion Applicants↗

The epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their complications are common in Southeast Asia (SEA) and the Western Pacific region. Gonorrhea, chancroid, nongonococcal urethritis, and syphilis are still the major STDs. However, the clinical incidence of genital herpes and genital warts show a definite increase. The gonococcal infections in SEA show high levels of antimicrobial resistance. There is a high level of chromosomal-mediated and plasmid-mediated penicillinase resistance. The sex industry, strongly fueled by local consumption, travel, and tourism, continues to play an important focal role in maintaining the high level of transmission of STDs in SEA and the Western Pacific region.

Asia, Southeastern↗

Chlamydial infection in female prostitutes in Singapore.

Three studies conducted in 1982, 1985 and 1988 investigated chlamydial infections in female prostitutes. In 1982, 115 prostitutes with culture-positive gonorrhoea were studied; 8% were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis. In 1985, 86 female prostitutes and in 1988, 100 female prostitutes attending for routine tests were examined. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 12% and 9% of the cases, respectively. Gonorrhoea was detected in 10% and 11% of the cases. In the 1988 study, one (9%) of the 11 women with gonorrhoea had concomitant chlamydial infection. Syphilis was diagnosed in 3% of the female prostitutes investigated in 1988. Our findings indicate that concomitant chlamydial infection occurs in about 8-9% of female prostitutes with gonorrhoea and that 9-12% of the female prostitutes screened harboured Chlamydia trachomatis in their endocervices. A chlamydial control programme in prostitutes is desirable.

Chlamydia Infections↗

A decade of PPNG in Singapore.

It has been more than 10 years since PPNG was first diagnosed in Singapore. Since then the prevalence of PPNG has increased progressively, and is now maintained at between 30 to 35% of all gonococcal infections inspite of a decrease in the overall incidence of gonorrhoea in Singapore. PPNG infections have been recorded with all forms of complicated gonorrhoea including pelvic inflammatory disease, ophthalmia and disseminated gonococcal infection. Penicillin alone cannot be used to treat gonorrhoea. The use of antibiotics active against PPNG and NPPNG both in uncomplicated and complicated gonorrhoea as first-line therapy is now essential. The medical cost of treatment of gonorrhoea has increased by 100 to 200% as a result of the emergence of PPNG.

Cephalosporins↗

Association of actinomyces and intrauterine contraceptive devices.

We analyzed the clinicopathologic aspects of 19 cases of actinomycosis associated with intrauterine devices (IUDs) seen and treated at hospitals affiliated with the State University of New York at Buffalo between 1972 and 1982. Clinical manifestations included the following: (1) asymptomatic IUD-associated Actinomyces colonization, (2) endocervicitis, (3) endometritis, (4) endometritis with salpingitis and/or tuboovarian abscesses and (5) abdominopelvic abscesses. No consistent relationship was found between the total peripheral lymphocyte count and/or degree of histologic lymphocytic reaction and the clinical picture. Abnormal uterine bleeding and/or discharge, pain, fever and abdominopelvic masses were among the symptoms and signs encountered. Patients with endocervicitis and/or endometritis responded to removal of the IUD, dilatation and curettage and antibiotic therapy for two to four weeks. Those who developed abscesses were treated successfully with surgical drainage and added antibiotic treatment.

Abscess↗

[Relation between endometritis post abortum and oestrogen levels in the plasma (author's transl)].

In 13 patients with abortion in the second to fourth months of pregnancy the variation in oestrogen levels in the plasma was determined before and after abrasion of the abortus, using the radioimmunoassay method, and correlated with the results of histological examination of the abraded parts. Seven women without endometritis revealed high oestrogen concentrations before and after the abrasion (mean (1734 pg/ml or 397 pg/ml, respectively). On the fifth day after abrasion the levels corresponded with those of the proliferation phase of the normal menstrual cycle (mean 115 pg/ml). In six women with histologically established endometritis low oestrogen levels were found before and after the abrasion, the mean values being 101 pg/ml and 36 pg/ml, respectively. On the fifth day the values continued to remain low (average 25 pg/ml). The difference in oestrogen concentrations of both groups was significant and correlated well with the results of histological examination of the abraded parts.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗