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PubMed1992

Combining writing block treatments: theory and research.

Four traditional formats of treatment for writing blocks (automaticity, regimen, self-control, and social skills training) proved insufficient to maintain unblocking in professorial writers for periods of an academic year. A combined application of the four historically prominent interventions was clearly more effective in terms of stable productivity, manuscripts finished and submitted, and manuscripts accepted for publication. Because writing blocks are too often conceptualized and treated by way of lore, a theory of blocking is proposed that clarifies the fundamental steps in effecting lasting unblocking.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed1995

Longitudinal quantitative EEG study of children with different performances on a reading-writing test.

In a previous paper, using the same test for the evaluation of reading-writing abilities, Harmony et al. (1990b) reported that children with severe difficulties had more delta in fronto-temporal regions, and this was interpreted as a sign of underlying cerebral dysfunction. Children with severe and minor difficulties in the test had more diffuse theta absolute and relative powers and less alpha relative power. As theta decreases with age, while alpha increases, these results suggested that children with minor and severe difficulties in reading had a maturational lag with respect to those with normal performance. We conducted this study in order to test this hypothesis. Two different EEG records were obtained with an interval of 2.58-3.15 years in 49 children classified in 3 groups according to their performance in a reading-writing test. Group 1: adequate performance for age and degree (control group); group 2: below level performance with minor difficulties; and group 3: below level performance, with severe difficulties. The mean age of the groups in the first study was 9 years. Absolute (AP) and relative powers (RP) in the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands were computed for each session. In general, groups 3 and 2 showed greater changes than group 1 from session to session. ANOVAs performed by session clearly demonstrate many significant differences between groups in the first study, while few significant differences in parieto-occipital regions in theta RP were observed in the second session. These results point toward a maturational spurt of children from groups 2 and 3.

Brain↗

PubMed1987

Partially hearing and hearing children's speaking, writing and comprehension of sentences.

Partially hearing, deaf, and hearing children's ability to say, write, and comprehend the same sentences, from the Sentence Comprehension Test (1979), were compared. It was hypothesized that writing sentences would be more difficult than saying the same sentences in all of the three groups. It was further hypothesized that the partially hearing would form an intermediate group between the hearing and deaf. The partially hearing made more errors in both the spoken and written conditions than the hearing who were 2 years younger. The number of phonetic and visual spelling errors made by the three groups were compared.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Characteristics and evolution of writing impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Rapcsak et al. (Archs Neurol. 46, 65-67, 1989) proposed a hypothesis describing the evolution of agraphic impairments in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT): lexico-semantic disturbances at the beginning of the disease, impairments becoming more and more phonological as the dementia becomes more severe. Our study was conducted in an attempt to prove this hypothesis on the basis of an analysis of the changes observed in the agraphia impairment of patients with DAT. A writing test from dictation was proposed to 22 patients twice, with an interval of 9-12 months between the tests. The results show that within 1 year there was little change in the errors made by the patients in the writing test. The changes observed however were all found to develop within the same logical progression (as demonstrated by Correspondence Analysis). These findings made it possible to develop a general hypothesis indicating that the agraphic impairment evolves through three phases in patients with DAT. The first one is a phase of mild impairment (with a few possible phonologically plausible errors). In the second phase non-phonological spelling errors predominate, phonologically plausible errors are fewer and the errors mostly involve irregular words and non-words. The last phase involves more extreme disorders that affect all types of words. We observe many alterations due to impaired graphic motor capacity. This work would tend to confirm the hypothesis proposed by Rapcsak et al. concerning the development of agraphia, and would emphasize the importance of peripheral impairments, especially grapho-motor impairments which come in addition to the lexical and phonological impairments.

Agraphia↗

PubMed1985

Writing a scientific paper prior to the research.

We propose that many potential pitfalls of a research study can be brought to light through the exercise of writing a zeroth draft of the paper before beginning formal data collection. Further, because the zeroth draft of the paper contains the elements required in most research proposals--background, rationale, approach to data analysis, methods, and significance--it may serve as a generic grant application that can be easily recast in the style required by a specific funding agency. Moreover, the task of preparing the final report after completing the study is a shorter, less painful process if one has only to revise the zeroth draft rather than face the blank page. In these ways writing the scientific paper before gathering the data can help an investigator plan, fund, execute, and report a study that asks and answers specific and important questions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Writing for publication in this refereed journal.

Acceptance of a paper for publication sometimes appears to be a mountain that has to be climbed. For some it has the height of Everest but for others it is a stroll up a hill. In writing this paper I hope that readers will be able to have an easier job in writing a paper that will be accepted in this journal and that in return the editor's task will be a little easier.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Thoughts on writing a letter to the editor.

The "Letters to the Editor" column in any journal is an excellent place to begin writing for publication. Opinions, clarifications, and reflections about articles can be valuable to other readers. Does an article get you thinking? If so, write a letter to the editor. The AORN Journal readers looks forward to hearing from you.

Periodicals as Topic↗

PubMed1997

Writing a research abstract.

Research abstracts may be difficult to write, especially for novice researchers. Reading abstracts from previous ENA Scientific Assemblies with a critical eye will help you focus on the abstract elements described in this article. Your abstracts should be clear, logical, and grammatically correct. Having others (for example, clinical nurses and a nurse researcher) review your abstract and provide feedback before submission is also helpful. And, after your research abstract has been accepted and presented, it's still not over--the next step is writing the research manuscript!

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1995

Writing for publication: a guide for those who must.

All nurse educators must write and most must publish. This paper outlines the principles that need to be observed if the nurse educator is to get his or her work into print. The paper offers a summary of the work that needs to be done before manuscript preparation, commentary on preparing the manuscript and a discussion of what must be done after the manuscript has been submitted. The paper concludes with the argument that writing for publication involves the learning of certain basic skill and the observation of certain conventions.

Faculty, Nursing↗

PubMed1997

[The absence of style is the best style in medical writing].

The author describes his conception of medical writing. Based upon a critical analysis of articles recently published in the Archives de Pédiatrie, he underlines the main principles which have to be respected for the writing of a medical article. This paper will be completed in an article entitled "The different redactional forms in medicine" to be published in the next issue (January 1988) of the journal.

Publishing↗

PubMed1998

Writing tips for authors.

Writing an article for publication may seem intimidating to you at first, but believe it or not, it can be exciting and fun. When you initially accept a writing assignment, research a clinical "gut feeling," or describe a nursing scenario, it may seem like a gargantuan task, but when you break it into small segments or steps you may be surprised how quickly you will complete your project. This article will offer some helpful hints or tips to get you started. Many of the tips will apply specifically for submission of an article to insight; absorb all clues that might be helpful and disregard anything that won't help you. Remember, you can get your article published, and the insight editorial board and peer reviewers only want to facilitate your success!

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Medical writing departments in biopharma companies: how to establish a department.

Medical writers have important roles in preparing the documentation for approval for marketing of new products, writing manuscripts for publication, and other nonclinical, clinical, and promotional materials. Medical writing departments can be organized in different ways to accommodate the needs of the company. When organizing a new department or when determining metric for an existing department, it is important to understand what medical writers in the biopharma industry do, how they are recruited and trained, and how metrics are developed.

Drug Industry↗

PubMed2003

The "write" way to get published in a professional journal.

This article describes each stage of the process of writing for professional publications. Tips for planning, writing, and submitting a publishable manuscript are discussed in detail. Specific guidelines that could improve acceptance of the manuscript are also outlined. Several tables provide information tailored to health care professionals who work in the areas of pain management, hospice, or palliative care.

Choice Behavior↗

PubMed2000

[Diagnostic testing methods for skill assessment in reading, writing, and arithmetic. A critical review].

OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of a specific developmental disorder of reading, writing and arithmetic can be made based upon individually applied standardized methods for testing scholastic achievement and IQ. To make the choice of suitable methods easier for the administrator of the test, a critical survey of German-language methods for assessing skills in reading, writing and arithmetic is presented. METHODS: Test intention and psychometric properties for scholastic achievement are summarized. The methods are assessed with regard to their utility in the diagnosis of congenital alexia and dyscalculia. Supplementary suggestions for clinical assessment are given. RESULTS: In summary, beyond the primary school area there is a lack of current standardized methods that meet the current standards of quality. Particularly the assessment of arithmetic skills above those of the 4th grade level require resorting to methods of dubious curricular validity. Coverage is once again better for the upper elementary and middle school levels. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for new constructions, respectively a need to update published scholastic achievement tests.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Is there a link between writing ability, drawing aptitude and manual skills of dental students?

In France, students have to choose between medical or dental courses, according to their rank, after a competitive examination at the end of their first year of study. Intellectual ability is evaluated, while manual competence is not, and this is a paradox. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether it is possible to predict the manual aptitude of a dental student through tests that allow the qualities of reflection and organization to be judged. We administered writing tests and drawing tests to 45 students of the Bordeaux dental school to ascertain whether there was a correlation between the competitive examination, the criterion examined (reflection, organization, aesthetics em leader) and the results of the dental practical assessments during the first year of dental study. The results showed that although manual competence in dental practical work, graphic qualities and writing skills are connected, it is difficult to correlate them directly with competitive examination performance. In view of the number of uncontrolled variables influencing the students' outcome, is it useful to be able to predict who will become a good practitioner? One indication may be found in the moral reasoning of candidates.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

Emotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers.

Healthy Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositive undergraduates (N = 57) completed a personality inventory, provided blood samples, and were randomly assigned to write or talk about stressful events, or to write about trivial events, during three weekly 20-min sessions, after which they provided a final blood sample. Individuals assigned to the verbal/stressful condition had significantly lower EBV antibody titers (suggesting better cellular immune control over the latent virus) after the intervention than those in the written/stressful group, who had significantly lower values than those in the written/trivial control group. Subjects assigned to the written/stressful condition expressed more negative emotional words than the verbal/stressful and control groups and more positive emotional words than the verbal/stressful group at each time point. The verbal/stressful group expressed more negative emotional words compared with the control group at baseline. Content analysis indicated that the verbal/stressful group achieved the greatest improvements in cognitive change, self-esteem, and adaptive coping strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

A pilot study of the effects of expressive writing on psychological and behavioral adjustment in patients enrolled in a Phase II trial of vaccine therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were participating in a Phase II clinical trial were randomly assigned to an expressive writing (EW) or neutral writing (NW) group. Patients in the EW group wrote about their cancer, and patients in the NW group wrote about health behaviors. No statistically significant group differences were found in symptoms of distress, perceived stress, or mood disturbance, except for the Vigor subscale of the Profile of Mood States. However, patients in the EW group reported significantly less sleep disturbance, better sleep quality and sleep duration, and less daytime dysfunction compared with patients in the NW group. The results suggest that EW may have sleep-related health benefits in terminally ill cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Dual dissemination: writing for colleagues and the public.

Although journals remain the major means of disseminating research knowledge within psychology, other types of outlets are needed to reach policymakers and the public. A model of dual dissemination is proposed in which psychologists continue to write articles for research journals and write different, complementary articles for popular outlets.

Humans↗