PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “data accessibility”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Policy and environmental indicators for heart disease and stroke prevention: data sources in two states.

INTRODUCTION: Investigators in South Carolina and Alabama assessed the availability of data for measuring 31 policy and environmental indicators for heart disease and stroke prevention. The indicators were intended to determine policy and environmental support for adopting heart disease and stroke prevention guidelines and selected risk factors in 4 settings: community, school, work site, and health care. METHODS: Research teams used literature searches and key informant interviews to explore the availability of data sources for each indicator. Investigators documented the following 5 qualities for each data source identified: 1) the degree to which the data fit the indicator; 2) the frequency and regularity with which data were collected; 3) the consistency of data collected across time; 4) the costs (time, money, personnel) associated with data collection or access; and 5) the accessibility of data. RESULTS: Among the 31 indicators, 11 (35%) have readily available data sources and 4 (13%) have sources that could provide partial measurement. Data sources are available for most indicators in the school setting and for tobacco control policies in all settings. CONCLUSION: Data sources for measuring policy and environmental indicators for heart disease and stroke prevention are limited in availability. Effort and resources are required to develop and implement mechanisms for collecting state and local data on policy and environmental indicators in different settings. The level of work needed to expand data sources is comparable to the extensive work already completed in the school setting and for tobacco control.

Alabama↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of an SQL model of the HELP patient database.

We tested a new model of the HELP patient database that makes use of relational tables to store patient data and provides access to data using SQL (Structured Query Language). The SQL database required more storage space and had many more physical records than the HELP database, but it was faster and more efficient in storing data than the standard HELP utilities. The HELP utilities used disk space more efficiently and were faster than the SQL tools when retrieving data for typical clinical reports. However, the SQL model provides networking capabilities, general report writing tools, detailed user documentation, and an ability for creating secondary indexes that offset its poorer performance.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical information on the Internet.

Connecting to the Internet allows health care professionals to access medical information at computer sites worldwide, to search databases, communicate with peers, obtain continuing education, retrieve images and software, obtain drug information and access statistical data. Users can access sites with "virtual patients," search library catalogs, locate jobs and post resumes, and explore conference sites and topics. Rural health care professionals can have access to medical information equivalent to their urban peers. Information is usually available over the Internet much more rapidly than through traditional print methods.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Early clinical experience with CardioCard - a credit card-sized electronic patient record.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: CardioCard is a CDROM of credit card size containing medical information on cardiac patients. Patient data acquired during hospital stay are stored in PDF format and secured by a password known to patients only. In a consecutive series of patients, we assessed acceptance and utility of this new information medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: A questionnaire was sent to all patients who had received CardioCard over a one-year period. The questionnaire was returned by 392 patients (73%). 44% of patients had the card with them all the time. The majority of patients (73%) considered the CardioCard useful (8% not useful, 19% no statement) and most (78%) would even agree to bear additional costs. Only 5% worried about data security. In contrast, 44% would be concerned of data transmission via internet. During an observation period of 6 (SD 3) months, data were accessed by 27% of patients and 12% of their physicians. The proportion of card users was lower among older patients: < or = 50 years (y), 39%; 51.60 y, 38%; 61.70 y, 26%; >70 y, 16% and particularly among older women: 61.70 y, 9%; >70 y, 5%. Technical problems during data access occurred in 34%, mostly due to incorrect handling. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of patients considered CardioCard as useful and safe. Lack of hardware equipment or insufficient computer knowledge, but not safety issues were the most important limitations. As patients expressed concerns regarding protection of privacy if data were accessible via internet, this would remain a strong limiting factor for online use.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Pseudonymization of radiology data for research purposes.

Medical image processing methods and algorithms, developed by researchers, need to be validated and tested. Test data would ideally be real clinical data especially that clinical data is varied and exists in large volumes. Nowadays, clinical data is accessible electronically and has important value for researchers. However, the usage of clinical data for research purposes should respect data confidentiality, patient right to privacy, and patient consent. In fact, clinical data is nominative given that it contains information about the patient such as name, age, and identification number. Evidently, clinical data needs to be de-identified to be exported to research databases. However, the same patient is usually followed during a long period of time. The disease progression and the diagnostic evolution represent extremely valuable information for researchers as well. Our objective is to build a research database from de-identified clinical data while enabling the data set to be easily incremented by exporting new pseudonymous data, acquired over a long period of time. Pseudonymization is data de-identification, such that data belonging to an individual in the clinical environment still belong to the same individual in the de-identified research version. In this paper, we explore various software architectures to enable the implementation of an imaging research database that can be incremented in time. We also evaluate their security and discuss their security pitfalls. As most imaging data accessible electronically is available with the digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) standard, we propose a de-identification scheme that closely follows DICOM recommendations. Our work can be used to enable electronic health record (EHR) secondary usage such as public surveillance and research, while maintaining patient confidentiality.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

The Tees Confidentiality Model: mechanisms for implementing the sealed envelope.

This paper offers mechanisms capable of implementing the authorization functionality to be supported by the NHS Care Records Service. The patient-confidentiality model for the Care Records Service includes restricting access to data by placing the data in a Sealed Envelope; providing access to data based on Legitimate Relationship, and other concepts; and the overriding of access restrictions in extraordinary or emergency situations. We informally show through examples how the Tees Confidentiality Model, a sophisticated model of authorization, can be used to implement Care Records Service authorization functionality to the level currently proposed, and also to much greater levels if they ever were to be required. The mechanisms discussed include using a range of permission types, called Confidentiality Permission Types; processing Confidentiality Permissions in a defined order according to complexity of type; using negative permissions to deny access; and providing override mechanisms for negative permissions.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2006

How adults' access to outpatient physician services relates to the local supply of primary care physicians in the rural southeast.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how access to outpatient medical care varies with local primary care physician densities across primary care service areas (PCSAs) in the rural Southeast, for adults as a whole and separately for the elderly and poor. DATA SOURCES: Access data from a 2002 to 2003 telephone survey of 4,311 adults living in 298 PCSAs within 150 rural counties in eight Southeastern states were linked geographically with physician practice location data from the American Medical and American Osteopathic Associations and population data from the U.S. Census. STUDY DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study design, we used a series of logistic regression models to assess how 26 measures of various aspects of access to outpatient physician services varied for subjects arranged into five groups based on the population-per-physician ratios of the PCSAs where they lived. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among adults as a whole, more individuals reported traveling over 30 minutes for outpatient care in PCSAs with more than 3,500 people per physician than in PCSAs with fewer than 1,500 people per physician (39.1 versus 18.5 percent, p<.001) and more reported travel difficulties. Otherwise, PCSA density of primary care physicians was unrelated to reported barriers to care, unrelated to people's satisfaction with care, and unrelated to indicators of people's use of services. Use rates of six recommended preventive health services varied in no consistent direction with physician densities. Among the elderly, only the proportion traveling over 30 minutes for care was greater in areas with lowest physician densities. Among subjects covered under Medicaid or uninsured, lower local physician densities were associated with longer travel time, difficulties with travel and reaching one's physician by phone, and two areas of dissatisfaction with care. CONCLUSIONS: For adults as a whole in the rural South and for the elderly there, low local primary care physician densities are associated with travel inconvenience but not convincingly with other aspects of access to outpatient care. Access for those insured under Medicaid and the uninsured, however, is in more ways sensitive to local physician densities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

WWW-based access to radiological patient data: two years of experience.

UNLABELLED: This paper describes the theoretical concept behind, the technical implementation of, and the experiences created with a self-developed system to access radiological patient data by WWW-technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The WWW-system interfaces the RIS via HL7 and the PACS via DICOM. Core components are a secure Web-Server and an underlying database system (DB). The DB contains all relevant information from the RIS and thumbnails of corresponding images archived in the PACS. After authorization, the user receives this information in the form of dynamically generated Web pages. By mouse-clicking a thumbnail, the original DICOM-image is sent. It is displayed with a helper application (DICOM-Viewer), allowing all kinds of image manipulation and post-processing. RESULTS: Determined advantages of the system were: platform independence, security features, a fixed link of image and report, universal availability, and simple usage. The only critical issue was performance. Cost savings could be seen in: a reduction of DICOM workstations, employment of all available hardware, and reduced training and teaching efforts. CONCLUSIONS: The author believes that a WWW-based concept is the only feasible approach which is in the same way technically possible, clinically acceptable, and financially affordable in order to grant a variety of users access to radiological data--although improvements in performance have to made by, e.g., closer implementation of those systems to the RIS and PACS architecture, and by employing high-grade image compression.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2005

caBIONet--A .NET wrapper to access and process genomic data stored at the National Cancer Institute's Center for Bioinformatics databases.

MOTIVATION: The National Cancer Institute's Center for Bioinformatics (NCICB) has developed a Java based data management and information system called caCORE. One component of this software suite is the object oriented API (caBIO) used to access the rich biological datasets collected at the NCI. This API can access the data using native Java classes, SOAP requests or HTTP calls. Non-Java based clients wanting to use this API have to use the SOAP or HTTP interfaces with the data being returned from the NCI servers as an XML data stream. Although the XML can be read and manipulated using DOM or SAX parsers, one loses the convenience and usability of an object oriented programming paradigm. caBIONet is a set of .NET wrapper classes (managers, genes, chromosomes, sequences, etc.) capable of serializing the XML data stream into local .NET objects. The software is able to search NCICB databases and provide local objects representing the data that can be manipulated and used by other .NET programs. The software was written in C# and compiled as a .NET DLL.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2002

Assessing patients' needs: does the same information guide expert and novice nurses?

The difficulties experienced by nurses in assessing patients before providing care have been the subject of enquiry for many years. Much has been written about the nursing process and, in particular, the data-collection component, where the nurse gathers information before deciding on a diagnosis and nursing intervention. There is, however, very little published on the differences between expert and novice nurses, in either the way they gather information or the emphasis placed on the different data sources accessed when preparing to carry out a nursing procedure. Communication between nurses is essential in the provision of safe, competent care, and yet we have minimal understanding of how experts use data sources to plan procedural care giving. This article reports on the findings of one component (the differences between expert and novice nurses in accessing data before implementing a nursing procedure) of a larger study into the identification of problem-solving strategies adopted by nurses during procedural care giving. The study was conducted in clinical settings and used a qualitative research methodology of observation followed by an in-depth semistructured interview. The study results indicate that expert and novice nurses accessed four similar information sources before meeting a patient. However, there were differences noted between the two groups in the amount of information accessed, as well as in the interpretation and use of that information. This is an important issue for nurse educators.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Health care machine-readable data files: secondary analysis, access, and the role of the library.

Access to health care machine-readable data files (MRDF) is becoming increasingly important to students and researchers in the health care field who use the data in secondary analysis. Health sciences libraries must play a role in providing such access, and this role should consist primarily in providing users with information about the identity and contents of available MRDF and about how they may be obtained. Libraries should therefore collect extensive materials containing information about the MRDF that may be of interest to their users. Many such materials are available in print, and their quality may be expected to improve as newly developed methods and procedures for constructing bibliographic citations, abstracts, and catalog entries for MRDF are put into practice. Also, it is now feasible to incorporate data file abstracts into existing online bibliographic databases.

Health Services Research↗