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Results for “morphometry”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Vertebral morphometry with DXA/MXA equipment--an equipment comparison. Dual x-ray absorptiometry/morphometric x-ray absorptiometry].

PURPOSE: The accuracy and reproducibility of morphometric measurements (Morphometric X-ray Absorptiometry = MXA) of vertebrae were determined. The significant difference of the change in height of vertebral bodies in follow-up studies was computed for MXA methods and digitised spinal radiographs as well. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The measurements were carried out on two new Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) devices (device A = Expert, Lunar Corp., device B = QDR 2000 Plus, Hologic Inc.). The data were obtained by using the European Spine Phantom (ESP) and lumbar spine specimens. RESULTS: The accuracy of vertebral morphometry performed on radiographs is 2.0%, on the device A 2.3%, and on the device B 4.9%. Measurements taken with the ESP showed a reproducibility of 1.0 to 3.0%, whereas measurements of fractured vertebrae resulted in 5.1 to 6.0%. CONCLUSION: The results of the morphometric measurements demonstrate that a reliable fracture analysis in phantoms and specimens is possible. Further in-vivo studies are necessary.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1993

Blood cell activation: new perspectives from ultrastructural morphometry.

The new computerized approaches for image analysis available for a few years permit, in an excellent and detailed way, monitoring cellular structural modifications during activation processes. Here, we presented morphometric data obtained on blood cells (platelets, monocytes, and PMN cells) after in vitro activation and under in vivo conditions related to atherosclerosis studied by means of electron microscopy. Area and perimeter form factors, nucleus to cytoplasma area ratio, and the surface density of platelet plasma membrane openings of SCCS presented significant differences compared with the respective significant differences compared with the respective controls. Ultrastructural markers of blood cell activation were revealed by the computerized morphometry applied on ultrastructural images.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Morphometry of the endothelium using automated television image analysis].

Report on the use of a new image processing system (IPS) for automated morphometry of the corneal endothelium. The method is demonstrated with endothelial photographs taken with the aid of a Keeler-Konan wide angle specular microscope. The original picture is enlarged ten times, then digitized, detected, and analyzed. Areas containing 100-250 endothelial cells can be evaluated automatically. Depending on the quality of the photographs, larger areas sometimes require interaction by the investigator. The evaluation of a 621-cell picture is demonstrated step by step. The time saving which the method offers and its objectivity are discussed, as well as its use in combination with different specular microscopes.

Cell Count↗

PubMed2000

Muscle growth, cell number, type and morphometry in single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation.

Muscle growth, myofibre number, type and morphometry were studied in large hindlimb muscles of single and twin fetal lambs during mid to late gestation. Placental insufficiency, evident by lower total placentome weight and number per fetus, resulted in reduced fetal weights from 100 to 140 days gestation in twins compared with singletons (at 140 days: 5016 +/- 108 g v. 5750 +/- 246 g, respectively; P<0.05). However, competition between littermates did not consistently reduce muscle mass (15-22%) until 140 days gestation. Apparent myofibre number increased with age, indicating that the full complement of myofibres in some large hindlimb muscles may be achieved during early postnatal life. Litter size did not impact on apparent myofibre number in the semitendinosus, plantaris or gastrocnemius muscles. However, a transient effect on myofibre number in the adductor femoris muscle was observed from 80-120 days gestation. The phenotypic maturation of myofibres was unaffected by increasing litter size. Smaller muscle mass in twins was associated with smaller myofibre cross-sectional area in the semitendinosus, adductor femoris and gastrocnemius muscles at 140 days gestation. A similar trend was observed for the plantaris muscle. These results indicate that while competition between littermates for nutrients in late gestation can impact on both fetal and muscle mass, the fetus has the capacity to buffer against the effects of restricted nutrient supply on myofibre hyperplasia and phenotypic maturation, but myofibre hypertrophy is compromised.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Spatiotemporal maturation patterns of murine brain quantified by diffusion tensor MRI and deformation-based morphometry.

Highly heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns of maturation of the murine brain during the first 80 postnatal days were examined by high-dimensional deformation-based morphometry applied to high-resolution diffusion tensor MRIs. The maturation profile revealed a sharp contrast between tissue anisotropy changes in the cortex and in major white-matter fibers. Radially oriented tissue anisotropy was measured during the first postnatal week in cortical regions, reflecting the underlying columnar organization of the cortex. Subsequently, tissue anisotropy reduced rapidly, potentially reflecting the growth of randomly oriented dendritic trees that reduce tissue coorientation. Distinct anisotropy patterns were also observed along layer I of the cortex and were attributed to thin fibers oriented parallel to the outer surface. Last, spatially complex patterns of maturation were measured in all major axonal pathways and in the hippocampus, caudate putamen, and cerebellum. This analysis provides a framework for quantifying normative maturation patterns against which phenotypes of mice of different genetic and environmental backgrounds can be contrasted.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

Lung morphometry and MMP-12 expression in rats treated with intraperitoneal nicotine.

Nicotine, a toxic tobacco component, plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular and lung diseases in smokers. Our objective was to investigate the effects of the intraperitoneal (i.p.) nicotine treatment in lung morphology. Wistar male rats (3-4 months old) were divided in five groups, a control one, and other groups treated with nicotine (1 mg/kg/day) for 8 days and sacrificed after 24, 48, 96, and 192 h. Morphometry was used to estimate the lung alveolar parenchyme and septal elastic fibers changes, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) and quantify vessels by immunolabelling with alpha-smooth muscle cells. Thickening of the alveolar septa was present in all nicotine groups, and associated with mononuclear cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and irregular areas of collapse. After 96 h, rat lungs showed macrophage, expressing MMP-12, that was also present after 192 h of recovery. Pleural and parenchyma inflammation, fibrosis and macrophage were also seen after 192 h. Intraperitoneal nicotine treated rats exhibited an increase of the volume fraction of alveolar parenchyme, a reduction of volume and surface fraction septal elastic fibers, and an increase of the numerical fraction of microvasculature vessels compared to control ones. MMP-12 was detected in groups of macrophages Wistar rats lung exhibited a progressive morphological damage after 192 hours of recovery, after 8 daily doses of 1 mg/kg body weight on i.p. nicotine.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Wing morphometry of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera:Psychodidae): calibration of methods with a laboratory population.

The wing morphometry of a laboratory-bred population of Phlebotomus perniciosus was studied using a semi-automatic, measurement system. The methods used were found to be precise, reproducible and valid for morphometrical studies. Each of several, different wing indices was found to be similar whether the wing was mounted in Hoyer's medium, Euparal or chloral balm. All samples showed similar differences between the wings of males and females, the wings of the males being smaller than those of the females.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Mr morphometry analysis of grey matter volume reduction in schizophrenia: association with hallucinations.

The authors used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to study GM volume differences in the whole brain volume between a group of patients with schizophrenia and a healthy control group. There were 12 patients and 12 control subjects. The subjects were scanned in a 1.5 T MR scanner. The patients had all been evaluated by a senior psychiatrist on the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). The VBM data was correlated with reports of rate and frequency of hallucinations based on their scores on the BPRS hallucination item. There were significant grey matter volume reductions in the schizophrenia patient group in the left superior (transverse) temporal gyrus, the left middle frontal gyrus, and in the right cuneus. Areas of grey matter volume reduction that correlated negatively with hallucinations were found in the left superior (transverse) temporal gyrus, left thalamus, and left and right cerebellum. This article proposes that significant reductions in grey matter volume may be instrumental in generating spontaneous neuronal activity that is associated with speech perception experiences in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus that may cause hallucinations.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Morphometry and residual strain in porcine ureter.

Recent studies on blood vessels, the heart, trachea and esophagus have shown that these organs in the zero-stress state are not closed circular cross-sections of rings, but open sectors. Any analysis of stress and strain must begin with organs in the zero-stress state. This report presents data on morphometry of the zero-stress and no-load states of the porcine ureter, and on residual strains and opening angles. The zero-stress state of the ureter is demonstrated by cutting the ureter into rings and cutting the rings into sectors; each sector is characterized by an opening angle. The outer and inner circumferences, the cross-sectional area of the ureteral wall and the number of buckles showed axial variation, with the highest values proximally in the ureter. Residual strain in the circumferential direction was significant, but showed no axial variation. The opening angles were approximately 30 degrees at the most distal and proximal sites and approximately 90 degrees in mid-ureter. The opening angle showed positive correlation to the wall thickness in the zero-stress state, residual strain at the outer circumference and negative correlation to the length of the outer circumference in the zero-stress state. Residual strains must be taken into account when studying physiological problems in which the stresses and strains are important, e.g. the urine transport function of the ureter.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural morphometry of nucleoli: potential usefulness for objective grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

The authors attempted to determine the potential prognostic value of several ultrastructural morphometric parameters, including nuclear, nucleolar, and cytoplasmic features, that could be used in the objective and reproducible histological grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Several nuclear and cytoplasmic parameters were assessed by ultrastructural morphometry in 26 consecutive cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The nuclear and nucleolar sizes, the number of nucleoli per nuclear section and the number of marginated nucleoli, Fuhrman's nuclear grade, and Robson's stage were recorded. In addition, the proportion of cytoplasmic components was semiquantitatively estimated and compared to light microscopic appearance. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 15 years (mean = 10 years). Statistical evaluations were performed by means of the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient tests, and differences in survival were estimated, using the Mantel-Cox proportional risk method. Differences in survival among patients with a mean nuclear area over and under 160 microm2, and among those with a mean nucleolar area over and under 10 microm2, were statistically significant. (Cutoff points were selected at the median value for both parameters; Mantel-Cox test: chi2 = 7.102, p < .01; and chi2 = 11.096, p < .001, respectively). Fuhrman's nuclear grade (p < .01) and tumor stage at diagnosis (p < .001) were also related to survival. These data suggest that, out of all the ultrastructural morphometric features, nucleolar area is the most useful in the reproducible and accurate grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Size of azurophil lysosomes of human PMNs determined by stereological morphometry.

The most striking feature of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is the presence of the subcellular organelles known as lysosomes. The peroxidase positive azurophil (primary) lysosomes are generally described in textbooks and the journal literature as predominantly ellipsoidal and approximately 500 nm in size. However, there appears to be no discovery research in the literature establishing that value. This is the first investigation to utilize stereological techniques for microscopic morphometry to more accurately determine the size of human azurophil (primary) lysosomes. This study reports the size of ellipsoidal azurophil lysosomes to be 335 nm with a standard deviation of 97 nm.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Image compression in morphometry studies requiring 21 CFR Part 11 compliance: procedure is key with TIFFs and various JPEG compression strengths.

This study aims to compare the integrity and reproducibility of measurements created from uncompressed and compressed digital images in order to implement compliance with 21 CFR Part 11 for image analysis studies executed using 21 CFR Part 58 compliant capture systems. Images of a 400-mesh electron microscope grid and H&E stained rat liver tissue were captured on an upright microscope with digital camera using commercially available analysis software. Digital images were stored as either uncompressed TIFFs or in one of five different levels of JPEG compression. The grid images were analyzed with automatic detection of bright objects while the liver images were segmented using color cube-based morphometry techniques, respectively, using commercially-available image analysis software. When comparing the feature-extracted measurements from the TIFF uncompressed to the JPEG compressed images, the data suggest that JPEG compression does not alter the accuracy or reliability to reproduce individual data point measurements in all but the highest compression levels. There is, however, discordance if the initial measure was obtained with a TIFF format and subsequently saved as one of the JPEG levels, suggesting that the use of compression must precede feature extraction. It is a common practice in software packages to work with TIFF uncompressed images. However, this study suggests that the use of JPEG compression as part of the analysis work flow was an acceptable practice for these images and features. Investigators applying image file compression to other organ images will need to validate the utility of image compression in their work flow. A procedure to digitally acquire and JPEG compress images prior to image analysis has the potential to reduce file archiving demands without compromising reproducibility of data.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Clinical examination compared with morphometry of digital photographs for evaluation of repaired cleft lips.

Twenty-four adult patients who had been operated on as infants for isolated cleft lip underwent clinical examination combined with photographic documentation using a digital camera. The same predetermined protocol comprising 20 variables describing nasolabial appearance was used for both the clinical examination and the computerised evaluation of the images. The correlation between the two methods is described in the present study. The results obtained with the two methods agreed closely. For metric variables the mean coefficient of correlation was 0.73 and when all measurements were combined, it reached 0.98. Likewise, discrete variables showed a close correlation, with a mean kappa value of 0.72. Variables related to muscular dynamics of the lip can for obvious reasons not be judged from photographs. However, the computerised photographic evaluation was able to detect more precisely even minor angular deviations of the nose and to measure areas such as the areas of the nostrils. We conclude that morphometry of digital photographs is a new valuable clinical tool for the assessment of the nasolabial appearance in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Global brain atrophy and corticospinal tract alterations in ALS, as investigated by voxel-based morphometry of 3-D MRI.

In ALS, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly used to investigate the underlying pathology. In this study, the technique of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to 3-D MRI data in ALS patients to localize regional grey and white matter changes. Twenty-two ALS patients (mean age 58+/-9 years) with clinically definite ALS by revised El Escorial criteria were studied. None of the patients had any signs of associated frontotemporal dementia. High-resolution 3-D MRI data sets of the whole brain, collected on a 1.5 T scanner, were analysed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and VBM in comparison to an age-matched normal data base consisting of 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 59+/-11 years), for grey matter and white matter segments separately. Global brain atrophy was assessed by calculation of brain parenchymal fractions (BPF). In ALS patients, BPF were significantly reduced compared to controls (p = 0.0003), indicating global brain atrophy. Regional decreases of grey matter density were found in the ALS patients at corrected p<0.01 in the right-hemispheric primary motor cortex (area of the highest Z-score) and in the left medial frontal gyrus. Furthermore, regional white matter alterations were observed along the corticospinal tracts bilaterally and in multiple smaller areas including corpus callosum, cerebellum, frontal and occipital subcortical regions. Besides considerable global atrophy in ALS, the topography of ALS-associated cerebral morphological changes could be mapped using VBM, in particular white matter signal changes along the bilateral corticospinal tracts, but also in extra-motor areas. VBM might be a potential tool to visualize disease progression in future longitudinal studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Surface morphology and morphometry of rat alveolar macrophages after ozone exposure.

As the ultrastructural data on the effects of ozone on pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) are lacking, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy were performed on rat PAM present in alveolar lavages following exposure to ozone. Rats were continuously exposed for 7 d to ozone concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.50 mg/m3 for 7 d followed by a 5-d recovery period. Additionally, morphometry on lung sections was performed to quantitate PAM. In a second experiment rats were continuously exposed to 1.50 mg O3/m3 for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. To study the influence of concurrent ozone exposure and lung infection, due to Listeria monocytogenes, rats were exposed for 7 d to 1.50 mg O3/m3 after a Listeria infection. The surface area of lavaged control PAM was uniformly covered with ruffles as shown by SEM and TEM. Exposure to 0.5 mg ozone/m3 for 7 d resulted in cells partly covered with microvilli and blebs in addition to normal ruffles. The number of large size PAM increased with an increase in ozone concentration. After 1 d of exposure, normal-appearing as well as many small macrophages with ruffles and scattered lymphocytes were seen. Lavage samples taken after 5 or 7 d of exposure showed an identical cell composition to that taken after 3 d of exposure. After Listeria infection alone, lavage samples consisted of mainly lymphocytes and some macrophages. Small quantitative changes, such as an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and large-size PAM, occurred in lavages after ozone exposure and infection with L. monocytogenes. Morphometric examination of lung sections revealed a concentration-related increase in the number of PAM, even in animals exposed to 0.25 mg ozone/m3 for 7 d. Centriacinar regions were more severely affected than other regions of lung tissue. By 5 d after termination of exposure to ozone, the number of lysozyme-positive alveolar cells was still significantly increased in centriacinar areas of the lung. The results indicate that ozone exposure causes major changes in the number, size, and surface morphology of PAM in rat lung. Furthermore, the results presented here suggest that changes in alveolar macrophage function are reflected by morphological changes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Apparent absorption efficiency and gut morphometry of wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, from two distinct populations with different diets.

Interpopulation variation in the diet of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is well documented. In this study, we examined the gut morphology and apparent absorption efficiencies of two populations of wood mice whose diet in the field was known to differ. One population inhabited sand dunes, where food availability was relatively low and the diet was dominated by invertebrates. The other population lived in deciduous woodland, with greater food availability and a diet consisting primarily of seeds. Wood mice from the woodland had longer small intestines and total digestive tract lengths than mice from the sand dunes. However, these differences had no effect on the apparent absorption efficiencies of dry mass or energy when the mice were fed mealworms, wheat grain, or All-Bran diets (apparent energy absorption efficiencies of 88%, 89%, and 65%, respectively). The population differences in gut morphometry may be linked to different resource availabilities at the two field sites.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Aerosol morphometry and aerosol bolus dispersion in patients with CT-determined combined pulmonary emphysema and lung fibrosis.

The simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema may present considerable problems in clinical assessment. Recent studies have shown that Aerosol Derived Airway Morphometry (ADAM) and Aerosol Bolus Dispersion (ABD) are changed in patients with pulmonary emphysema. This study was performed to assess the effect of simultaneous lung fibrosis in patients with emphysema on ADAM and ABD. ADAM and ABD measurements were performed in 20 patients with lone high resolution CT scan (HRCT) confirmed emphysema (E), and compared to those in 15 emphysematics with HRCT-confirmed superimposed pulmonary fibrosis (FE). In both groups the peripheral effective airspace dimension (EAD) (E: 0.63 +/- 0.20 mm; FE: 0.60 +/- 0.27 mm, N.S.) was increased by more than a factor of two compared to that of healthy subjects (0.28 +/- 0.05 mm) (p < 0.001). Patients with E showed a significantly higher bolus dispersion than patients with FE (724 +/- 122 cm3 vs. 546 +/- 80 cm3; p < 0.001). However, in patients with FE, bolus dispersion was still significantly higher than in previously published control groups of healthy subjects (546 +/- 80 cm3 vs. 455 +/- 68 cm3; p < 0.001). The results of this study confirm that ADAM and ABD are powerful tools for identifying emphysema even in patients with superimposed pulmonary fibrosis.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2003

Can aerosol-derived airway morphometry detect early, asymptomatical lung emphysema?

The aerosol-derived airway morphometry technique (ADAM) can be used to assess non-invasively peripheral airspace dimensions. It has been shown that this technique can identify permanent peripheral airspace enlargement in patients with lung emphysema, but it is yet unknown if early stages of emphysema can be detected. In this study, 89 aluminum welders were investigated. Although all (except two subjects) showed normal spirometry, in 29% of the subjects visual signs of early emphysema were observed with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in a previous study. Using the ADAM technique, 28% of the subjects showed increased peripheral airspace dimensions. However, both groups with positive findings overlapped only in about half of the cases. Peripheral airspace dimensions correlated significantly with the mean lung density calculated from the HRCT scans, and lung density was significantly decreased in the group with increased airspace dimensions. The poor overlap of the positive findings observed with both techniques can be explained if it is considered that the visual HRCT technique and ADAM focus on different aspects of emphysematous changes in the lungs. Whereas visual HRCT is a powerful tool to identify focal changes in lung density but cannot detect mild homogeneous emphysema, ADAM delivers a measure for homogeneously distributed emphysema but cannot detect focal emphysema or regions with emphysema which are badly ventilated. Since ADAM is easy to perform, non-invasive, and can be repeatedly applied to human subjects without radiological concerns, this technique might become a useful tool for the detection and monitoring of lung emphysema in occupational medicine, epidemiology, and pharmaceutics.

Adult↗