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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hemispheric asymmetry for the auditory recognition of true and false statements.

A group of right-handed adult subjects (24 males and 24 females) were asked to judge phrases as to their truthfulness of falsehood, by listening to them via earphones either with the right or with the left ear. These phrases, which had been previously recorded by two non-actors (1 male and 1 female) and two actors (1 male and 1 female), were either true or false. The number of correct judgements made by the subjects was significantly higher than the number of wrong judgements. The subjects correctly recognised significantly more true phrases than false ones. Moreover, they better recognised true phrases pronounced by the actors and false phrases pronounced by the non-actors. True phrases pronounced by male speakers and false phrases pronounced by female speakers were better recognised. A left-ear advantage was found in the recognition of true statements.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Children's interview statements and behaviors: role in identifying sexually abused children.

Increased professional concern regarding the evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse has focused the attention of clinicians and researchers on the statements and behaviors of children during investigative interviews. The early philosophy of "believe the children" has given way to a search for consensus among professionals who perform these evaluations regarding what criteria should be used to identify sexually abused children. A small number of researchers have studied interviews with sexually abused children where other, independent criteria for validation are also present. Although this research has revealed interesting findings indicating promise, much more research is needed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical basis of alcoholism: statements and hypotheses of present research.

Experimental results and theoretical considerations on the biology of alcoholism are devoted to the following topics: genetically determined differences in metabolic tolerance; participation of the alternative alcohol metabolizing systems in chronic alcohol intake; genetically determined differences in functional tolerance of the CNS to the hypnotic effect of alcohol; cross tolerance between alcohol and centrally active drugs; dissociation of tolerance and cross tolerance from physical dependence; permanent effect of uncontrolled drinking behavior induced by alkaloid metabolites in the CNS; genetically determined alterations in the function of opiate receptors; and genetic predisposition to addiction due to innate endorphin deficiency. For the purpose of introducing the most important research teams and their main work, statements from selected publications of individual groups have been classified as to subject matter and summarized. Although the number for summary-quotations had to be restricted, the criterion for selection was the relevance to the etiology of alcoholism rather than consequences of alcohol drinking.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed2005

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project.

In January 2003, leadership of the Medicare National Surgical Infection Prevention Project hosted the Surgical Infection Prevention Guideline Writers Workgroup meeting. The objectives were to review areas of agreement among the published guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis, to address inconsistencies, and to discuss issues not currently addressed. The participants included authors from most of the published North American guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis and several specialty colleges. The workgroup reviewed currently published guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Nominal group process was used to draft a consensus paper that was widely circulated for comment. The consensus positions of the workgroup include that infusion of the first antimicrobial dose should begin within 60 minutes before surgical incision and that prophylactic antimicrobial agents should be discontinued within 24 hours of the end of surgery. This advisory statement provides an overview of other issues related to antimicrobial prophylaxis including specific suggestions regarding antimicrobial selection.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed2006

The future of cardiovascular imaging and non-invasive diagnosis: a joint statement from the European Association of Echocardiography, the Working Groups on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Computers in Cardiology, and Nuclear Cardiology, of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology.

Advances in medical imaging now make it possible to investigate any patient with cardiovascular disease using multiple methods which vary widely in their technical requirements, benefits, limitations, and costs. The appropriate use of alternative tests requires their integration into joint clinical diagnostic services where experts in all methods collaborate. This statement summarises the principles that should guide developments in cardiovascular diagnostic services.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials evaluating herbal interventions: implementing the CONSORT statement [corrected].

BACKGROUND: Given that herbal medicinal products are widely used, vary greatly in content and quality, and are actively tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such RCTs must clearly report the specifics of the intervention. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to develop recommendations for reporting RCTs of herbal medicine interventions. METHODS: We identified and invited potential participants with expertise in clinical trial methodology, clinical trial reporting, pharmacognosy, herbal medicinal products, medical statistics, and/or herbal product manufacturing to participate in phone calls and a consensus meeting. Three phases were conducted: (1) Premeeting item generation via telephone calls, (2) Consensus meeting, and (3) Postmeeting feedback. Sixteen experts participated in premeeting phone calls for item generation, and 14 participants attended a consensus meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in June of 2004. During the consensus meeting, a modified Delphi technique was used to aid discussion and debate of information required for reporting RCTs of herbal medicines. RESULTS: After extensive discussion, the group decided that context-specific elaborations of nine Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) items to RCTs of herbal medicines were necessary: Item 1 (Title and Abstract), 2 (Background), 3 (Participants), 4 (Interventions), 6 (Outcomes), 15 (Baseline data), 20 (Interpretation), 21 (Generalizability), and 22 (Overall evidence). DISCUSSION: The elaboration of item 4 of the CONSORT statement outlines specific information required for complete reporting of the herbal medicine intervention. The reporting suggestions presented will support clinical trialists, editors, and reviewers in reporting and reviewing RCTs of herbal medicines and readers in interpreting the results.

Consensus↗
PubMed2005

AORN guidance statement: sharps injury prevention in the perioperative setting.

Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens via percutaneous injuries is one of the most serious dangers perioperative team members face on a daily basis. The risk of sustaining a percutaneous injury can be decreased through employee education, clear communication, device engineering, and focused work practice controls. Risk reduction strategies should include specific practices aimed at reducing the unique risks of percutaneous injuries encountered in the perioperative environment. AORN recognizes the various settings in which perioperative RNs practice, and the suggested risk reduction strategies in this guidance statement are intended to be adaptable to any setting where surgical or other invasive procedures are performed.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed2005

AORN guidance statement: safe on-call practices in perioperative practice settings. Association of periOperative Registered Nurses.

Call staffing and the associated long work hours can be challenging for both perioperative staff members and the health care organization. A change in culture is needed to recognize exhaustion as an unacceptable risk to patients and perioperative personnel safety. Perioperative health care providers have a personal responsibility to arrive at work fully rested. Health care organizations have a responsibility to create work and call schedules that consider the effect of long work hours on patient safety as well as perioperative staff members' welfare. The development of standardized safe work hours and call practices should reflect current recommendations emerging from authoritative sources, legislation, and empirical data. Prolonged work periods without adequate rest may contribute to diminished performance by perioperative personnel, placing both patients and workers at risk. This guidance statement may assist managers and clinicians in developing policies and procedures for safe call practices.

Emergencies↗
PubMed2005

AORN guidance statement: perioperative staffing. Association of periOperative Registered Nurses.

One of the most important responsibilities of a perioperative nursing leader is the development of an effective staffing plan relative to surgical patients' needs. AORN recognizes there are a variety of settings in which perioperative RNs practice. This guidance statement is intended to serve as a guide for perioperative nursing leaders in developing a staffing plan and is designed to be adaptable to various practice settings.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1998

Making sense of schizophrenic symptoms; delusional statements and behavior may be functional in purpose.

The present paper describes the use of a functional analysis in attempting to make sense of symptomatic delusional statements and behaviors that people diagnosed with schizophrenia present. The three categories that are used to classify symptoms are: (1) positive reinforcement function, (2) negative reinforcement function, and (3) mislabeling of private events. The paper presents a number of clinical cases whose symptoms are representative of each category. Each case is then functionally treated as a result of its "category" characteristics, thus basing treatment on the hypothesized function (or reason) for the symptom.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of dementia in elderly outpatients: a comparative study of European centers and consensus statement.

Large numbers of elderly patients, suspected of having dementia, need medical evaluation, often in early phases of their illness. A complete outpatient assessment clearly could be advantageous. Thirty-five centers from 15 European countries, known to their scientific gerontological and geriatric societies to have experience in outpatient care for elderly patients with dementia, participated in an effort to develop a consensus statement for the assessment needs of these patients. The comparison of the centers showed that a wide variety of approaches was currently in practice. Differences appeared to be mainly based on local facilities and organization. A consensus for diagnostic outpatient assessment was easily reached. Diagnosis should be based on DSM-IV criteria, which requires a standardized assessment (including neuropsychological, functional and technical evaluation) and should be multidisciplinary. An assessment of dementia of elderly outpatients appears to be very feasible - a consensus approach with minimum diagnostic requirements is presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2000 for Adult Basic Life Support. A statement from the Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Working Group(1) and approved by the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) last issued guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) in 1998 [1]. These were based on the "Advisory Statements" of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published in 1997 [2]. Following this, the American Heart Association, together with representatives from ILCOR, undertook a series of evidence-based evaluations of the science of resuscitation [3] which culminated in the publication of "Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" in August 2000 [4,5]. The Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Working Group (BLS&AED Group) has considered this document and has recommended changes in the ERC BLS guidelines. These are presented in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2000 for Adult Advanced Life Support. A statement from the Advanced Life Support Working Group(1) and approved by the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) last issued guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) in 1998 [1]. These were based on the 1997 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Advisory Statements [2]. In 1999 and 2000 representatives of ILCOR, at the invitation of the American Heart Association, met on a number of occasions in Dallas to agree a Consensus on Science upon which future guidelines would be based. Representatives from the ERC played a prominent role in the deliberations, which culminated in the publication of "Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care--A Consensus on Science" in August 2000 [3]. The consensus was evidence-based wherever possible. The ERC ALS Working Group has considered this document and has recommended some changes in the guidelines that will be suitable for European practice. These changes, together with a summary of the Sequence of Actions in ALS, are presented in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Paediatric life support. An advisory statement by the Paediatric Life Support Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.

This document reflects the deliberations of ILCOR. The epidemiology and outcome of paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest and the priorities, techniques and sequence of paediatric resuscitation assessments and interventions differ from those of adults. The working group identified areas of conflict and controversy in current paediatric basic and advanced life support guidelines, outlined solutions considered and made recommendations by consensus. The working group was surprised by the degree of conformity already existing in current guidelines advocated by the American Heart Association (AHA), the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC), and the Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa (RCSA). Differences are currently based upon local and regional preferences, training networks and customs, rather than scientific controversy. Unresolved issues with potential for future universal application are highlighted. This document does not include a complete list of guidelines for which there is no perceived controversy and the algorithm/decision tree figures presented attempt to follow a common flow of assessments and interventions, in coordination with their adult counterparts. Survival following paediatric prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest occurs in only approximately 3-17% and survivors are often neurologically devastated. Most paediatric resuscitation reports have been retrospective in design and plagued with inconsistent resuscitation definitions and patient inclusion criteria. Careful and thoughtful application of uniform guidelines for reporting outcomes of advanced life support interventions using large, randomized, multicenter and multinational clinical trials are clearly needed. Paediatric advisory statements from ILCOR will, by necessity, be vibrant and evolving guidelines fostered by national and international organizations intent on improving the outcome of resuscitation for infants and children worldwide.

Adolescent↗