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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed1989

[Frequency specificity of ABR evaluated by tuning curves].

A tone on tone simultaneous masking paradigm was used to determine tuning curves of ABR both from the normal and hearing-impaired subjects. ABR tuning curves were constructed to define masker intensity that resulted in a 50% reduction in probe elicited wave V amplitude. The frequency specificity of each probe stimulus was evaluated by Q10, low cut-off slope, high cut-off slope and the maximum masker frequency calculated for the tuning curves. The results were as follows; 1) Q10, low cut-off slope and high cut-off slope increased gradually with the increase in rise time. However, prolongations of the rise time beyond 3 cycles of probe frequency yielded little improvement in Q10, low cut-off slope and high cut-off slope. 2) Q10, low cut-off slope and high cut-off slope for normal-hearing subjects increased gradually with the increase in stimulus frequency or the decrease in stimulus pressure. Maximum masker frequency of the tuning curves was not always equal to the frequency of probe without the 2-kHz. For the 0.5, 1kHz probe, the maximum masker frequency of the tuning curves showed higher values than the frequency of probe. For the 4kHz probe, the maximum masker frequency of the tuning curves showed lower values than the frequency of probe. The results indicate that the tone pip stimuli will allow to assess certain conditions of auditory function at different frequencies, and they show wider frequencies' spread in the cochlea area near stimulus frequencies. 3) For subject with abrupt high-frequency hearing loss (30dB/oct), a pronounced down-ward shift of maximum masker frequency, down-ward shift of high cut-off slope and up-ward shift of low cut-off slope were found when the probe was placed in the region of elevated threshold. For subject with low-frequency hearing loss (25dB/oct), a pronounced up-ward shift of maximum masker frequency, down-ward shift of low cut-off slope were found. Maximum masker frequency, low and high cut-off slope of hearing-impaired subjects were not always equal to those of normal subjects for same probe. Especially the value of the maximum masker frequency shifted to the direction in which the most sensitive frequency was observed in audiogram. The threshold of ABR reflected the cochlea function of the most sensitive area near stimulus frequencies. Greatest predictive error was observed in steeply sloping audiograms.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Abnormal speech sound representation in persistent developmental stuttering.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether adults with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) have auditory perceptual deficits. METHODS: The authors compared the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential elicited to simple tone (frequency and duration) and phonetic contrasts in a sample of PDS subjects with that recorded in a sample of paired fluent control subjects. RESULTS: Subjects with developmental stuttering had normal MMN to simple tone contrasts but a significant supratemporal left-lateralized enhancement of this electrophysiologic response to phonetic contrasts. In addition, the enhanced MMN correlated positively with speech disfluency as self-rated by the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with persistent developmental stuttering have abnormal permanent traces for speech sounds, and their abnormal speech sound representation may underlie their speech disorder. The link between abnormal speech neural traces of the auditory cortex and speech disfluency supports the relevance of speech perception mechanisms to speech production.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2000

Nonlinguistic perceptual deficits associated with reading and language disorders.

Recent behavioral evidence supports the idea that some individuals with reading and language disorders are impaired in their perception of nonlinguistic auditory and visual information. More sophisticated measurement paradigms and analysis techniques are leading to a clearer understanding of these deficits and to possibilities for their remediation.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1985

The relationship between auditory temporal analysis and receptive language development: evidence from studies of developmental language disorder.

The relationship between sensory, perceptual and motor abilities and receptive language abilities was studied in developmental dysphasic children. The tests administered included experimental auditory, visual and cross-modal perceptual tests. In addition, a battery of neurodevelopmental "soft sign" sensory, perceptual and motor tests were also given. Demographic and case history data were collected. Receptive language was derived based upon a battery of standardized language tests. Multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationship between receptive language and sensory, perceptual and motor abilities. Results demonstrated that auditory perceptual variables, specifically those requiring rapid temporal analysis, were most highly correlated with the degree of receptive language deficit of the dysphasic children.

Aphasia↗

PubMed2005

"A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma": defining central auditory processing disorder.

A. T. Cacace and D. J. McFarland (2005) define central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) as a "modality-specific perceptual dysfunction that is not due to peripheral hearing loss" and that "should be distinguishable from cognitive, language-based, and/or supramodal attentional problems" (p. 113). Although agreeing with the general thrust of their attempts to exclude supramodal causes of impaired auditory performance as being labeled CAPD, I argue that this definition suffers from a number of serious deficiencies. It is both too loose and too restrictive, excluding what might be low-level deficits that occur in more than one modality, at the same time including at least one form of modality-specific linguistic processing. I argue that any useful definition of CAPD must not only exclude supramodal causes of auditory deficits, but must be based on the notion of impaired brain function demonstrable for nonspeech sounds.

Attention↗

PubMed2004

Verbal dichotic listening in developmental stuttering: subgroups with atypical auditory processing.

OBJECTIVE: The major aim of this study was to determine whether adults with persistent developmental stuttering have atypical auditory processing. BACKGROUND: Stuttering has been attributed to aberrant hemispheric dominance, and auditory processing deficits have been found in some adults who stutter. Dichotic listening, an indirect measure of auditory processing, has not been used to study auditory laterality in right- and left-handers who stutter. Because left-handers and people who stutter may have aberrant hemispheric dominance, it is important to examine auditory neural systems in right- and left-handed people who do and do not stutter. METHODS: Adults with persistent developmental stuttering (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 28) were studied by simultaneous binaural (dichotic) presentation of consonant-vowel stimuli in three attention conditions: nondirected attention, attention directed right, and attention directed left. Sex-handedness groups (stutter and control) included right-handed men and women and left-handed men, but not left-handed women because this stutter subgroup could not be recruited. To study ear advantage and auditory laterality, two dependent measures were examined: percent left and right ear responses and lateralization shift magnitude. Potential relationships between degree of handedness and dichotic listening measures were also examined. RESULTS: Matched controls and right-handed men who stutter had the expected right-ear advantage (REA) in the nondirected attention condition. In contrast, left-handed men who stutter had a left-ear advantage (LEA), and right-handed women who stutter did not have a lateral ear bias in the nondirected attention condition. Right-handed women who stutter had the greatest tendency to hear a sound that was not presented to either ear, and were relatively unable to selectively direct attention left or right. In contrast, left-handed men who stutter were able to shift attention to the left and right ear better than any other group. For the fluent control group, there were no significant relationships among degree of handedness and dichotic-listening variables. For the stutter group, degree of handedness was significantly related to percentage left and right ear response and to the lateralization shift magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: Left-handed men who stutter and right-handed women who stutter have atypical auditory processing but differ in important ways. The left-ear bias found in left-handed men who stutter in the nondirected attention condition suggests that their right temporal lobe may be important in perceiving speech, and, therefore, they have mixed dominance. These subjects were also better at shifting attention in both directions in comparison to all other groups; thus, the right hemisphere, which is dominant for shifting attention to both right and left space, may be activated. In contrast, the right-handed women who stutter had no ear bias in the nondirected attention condition, made more perceptual errors, and had difficulty shifting attention to the left and right. Although these results suggest that right-handed women who stutter have attentional deficits, the relationship between attentional disorders and stuttering remains to be elucidated. Because right-handed men who stutter were not different from controls, aberrant hemispheric dominance cannot fully account for stuttering. Unfortunately, left-handed women were not examined in this study. Therefore, these interesting sex-handedness effects found in left-handed men and right-handed women who stutter must be interpreted with caution.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Nomenclature of voice disorders and vocal pathology.

An improved nomenclature framework is crucial to improve communication regarding voice problems and to advance the field of voice disorders. The subjective nature of the voice evaluation process does not lend itself readily to uniformity and most voice-disordered patients demonstrate multiple pathologic processes. In this article, the authors offer a broad-based nomenclature paradigm for the classification of voice disorders and vocal pathology. Four major categories of voice disorders are identified based on pathophysiology and auditory-perceptual and visual-perceptual observations. As the understanding of vocal fold biomechanics and pathophysiology evolves, it is expected that this nomenclature system will also increase in specificity.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Disturbances of loudness perception.

This article reviews information on some auditory disorders that have in common a disturbance in loudness perception. The perceptual disturbances in these disorders have interchangeably been labeled "hyperacusis," "dysacusis," or "phonophobia." Our question concerns whether the loudness disturbances associated with these auditory disorders are sufficiently different as not to justify the equivalence implied by the labelling. Emphasis is placed on those articles that have given clear accounts of the phenomenology of the disturbed perceptual experience and have offered testable hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying it. Hypotheses about the origins of disturbed loudness perception are compared with independent experimental and clinical evidence on those mechanisms. The disturbances of loudness perception that occur in cochlear hearing loss, facial nerve paralysis and stapedectomy, and in more "central" disorders are phenomenologically different, have different underlying mechanisms, and merit different labels that most of them do not currently receive.

Facial Paralysis↗

PubMed1985

Perceptual changes in schizophrenia: a questionnaire survey.

Questionnaires were completed by 73 volunteers with a history of probable schizophrenia, and by 67 patients admitted to the accident wards of a general hospital. A high incidence of sensory distortions was recorded in the schizophrenic group compared with the controls, distortions of brightness contrast being the most common. Many schizophrenic patients reported that such distortions were reduced or removed early in treatment. Patients who reported visual distortions also tended to report visual hallucinations. The results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis that perceptual malfunction may underlie some other schizophrenic disorders such as delusions or catatonia.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Neuropsychologic rehabilitation for visuoperceptual impairments.

Impairments of visual perception resulting from brain damage can have serious implications for many aspects of patients' lives, and these impairments should be targeted for intervention. Rehabilitation programs need to be individually tailored to each patient's needs; thus, characterization of a patient's visual perception and related abilities, by means of neuroophthalmologic and neuropsychologic evaluations, is a necessary starting point for rehabilitation. Several promising treatment approaches based on restorative and compensatory methods are described, although as yet there is limited systematic study of the efficacy of these methods. Treatment models and compensatory devices from the mature field of low-vision rehabilitation have obvious application in the rehabilitation of cortically based visual perceptual impairments. In addition, ongoing rapid advances in the cognitive neuroscience of vision are likely to provide guidance in the development of new interventions. One area in which functional imaging studies may prove useful is gaining information regarding critical periods of recovery and plasticity. For some visuoperceptual disorders, restorative procedures may be of particular benefit in facilitating brain reorganization during certain recovery periods, but rehabilitation specialists still have few empiric data to guide their efforts. Despite the major limitations in our understanding of key issues influencing outcome, most patients with cerebral visual dysfunction can receive some benefit from carefully designed rehabilitation programs.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1985

Auditory hallucinosis and atypical tic disorder: case reports.

Two patients with tic disorders and intermediate hallucinatory experiences are described. It is suggested that clinicians evaluating patients with tic disorders may wish to inquire routinely about unusual auditory experiences. Further research will be necessary to determine the implications of these experiences among children with tic disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Functional neuroimaging of human central auditory processing in normal subjects and patients with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Auditory sensory processing in the human cerebral cortex is disturbed in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from devastating perceptual deficits in neuropsychological syndromes such as cortical deafness and auditory agnosia to the problem of involuntary hallucinatory perception in schizophrenia. With modern non-invasive functional imaging techniques (e.g., PET, fMRI, and MEG), the normal auditory cortical functional anatomy can now be studied in humans in vivo, as well as its disruption in pathological conditions. This article will summarize current knowledge on human central auditory perception in health and disease, with an emphasis on recent functional neuroimaging studies, in the context of clinical and basic neuroscientific knowledge. New strategies include a focus on the role of other, non-temporal brain areas for auditory processing, particularly in the frontal lobes, and the combined use of techniques offering both precise spatial and temporal resolution. One step towards this goal has been the recent development of a silent, event-related fMRI scanning technique.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed2005

Auditory perceptual grouping and attention in dyslexia.

Despite dyslexia affecting a large number of people, the mechanisms underlying the disorder remain undetermined. There are numerous theories about the origins of dyslexia. Many of these relate dyslexia to low-level, sensory temporal processing deficits. Another group of theories attributes dyslexia to language-specific impairments. Here, we show that dyslexics perform worse than controls on an auditory perceptual grouping task. The results show differences in performance between the groups that depend on sound frequency and not solely on parameters related to temporal processing. Performance on this task suggests that dyslexics' deficits may result from impaired attentional control mechanisms. Such deficits are neither modality nor language-specific and may help to reconcile differences between theories of dyslexia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2006

Can spectro-temporal complexity explain the autistic pattern of performance on auditory tasks?

To test the hypothesis that level of neural complexity explain the relative level of performance and brain activity in autistic individuals, available behavioural, ERP and imaging findings related to the perception of increasingly complex auditory material under various processing tasks in autism were reviewed. Tasks involving simple material (pure tones) and/or low-level operations (detection, labelling, chord disembedding, detection of pitch changes) show a superior level of performance and shorter ERP latencies. In contrast, tasks involving spectrally- and temporally-dynamic material and/or complex operations (evaluation, attention) are poorly performed by autistics, or generate inferior ERP activity or brain activation. Neural complexity required to perform auditory tasks may therefore explain pattern of performance and activation of autistic individuals during auditory tasks.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Vocal and laryngeal effects of voiced tongue vibration technique according to performance time.

Our objective is to study the vocal and laryngeal effect as well as the negative signs and sensations related to the voiced tongue vibration technique (VTVT), regarding the time of performance (from 0 to 7 minutes). Thirty adults (15 men and 15 women) with no vocal complaints nor laryngeal disorders were involved. All subjects underwent laryngostroboscopic and auditory perceptual analysis and answered about the existence of uncomfortable sensations that occurred during the exercise (1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes) and postexercise. For the auditory perceptual analysis, the female group presented better outcomes in the third minute of exercise, whereas in general the male group showed no modification because of performance time. Some men presented a significant change in the parameters involved from the fifth minute on. Men and women showed a gradual increase of undesirable sensations. It is extremely important that the performance time of the VTVT is properly prescribed to provide the expected results, without causing undue injuries to the vocal system. Therefore, we suggest this technique should be recommended for 3 and 5 minutes for women and men, respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Modality-specific auditory and visual temporal processing deficits.

We studied the attentional blink (AB) and the repetition blindness (RB) effects using an audiovisual presentation procedure designed to overcome several potential methodological confounds in previous cross-modal research. In Experiment 1, two target digits were embedded amongst letter distractors in two concurrent streams (one visual and the other auditory) presented from the same spatial location. Targets appeared in either modality unpredictably at different temporal lags, and the participants' task was to recall the digits at the end of the trial. We evaluated both AB and RB for pairs of targets presented in either the same or different modalities. Under these conditions both AB and RB were observed in vision, AB but not RB was observed in audition, and there was no evidence o

Attention↗

PubMed2004

Dead regions in the cochlea: conceptual foundations, diagnosis, and clinical applications.

Regions in the cochlea with no (or very few) functioning inner hair cells and/or neurons are called "dead regions". This paper reviews the anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical foundations for the concept of dead regions. It then considers methods that have been used to diagnose dead regions, focusing particularly on psychophysical tuning curves and the test using threshold-equalizing noise. Problems and limitations of each approach are discussed. Applications of tests for diagnosing dead regions are described. These include: giving the client realistic expectation about the likely benefit of a hearing aid; guidance in the fitting of hearing aids; assessment of candidacy for cochlear implants; assessment of hearing loss for medico-legal applications. Finally, guidelines for implementation of the threshold-equalizing noise test in clinical practice are given.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1990

Residual frequency selectivity in the profoundly hearing-impaired listener.

The extent to which auditory frequency analysis is retained in profoundly hearing-impaired listeners has major implications for hearing aid design. We have measured simplified psychoacoustic tuning curves in nine such listeners, using sinusoidal probes at 125 and 250 Hz, and 80-Hz wide narrow-band noise maskers. Two listeners showed PTCs at 125 and 250 Hz whose shapes were independent of probe frequency and parallel to their absolute thresholds, indicating the complete absence of frequency selectivity. Seven listeners showed evidence of frequency selectivity at 125 or 250 Hz or at both frequencies; at 250 Hz, frequency selectivity was evident in the six listeners whose 250-Hz hearing level was 95 dB or less, but not in the listeners with 250 Hz hearing levels above 95 dB. Where conventional 'v'-shaped PTCs were observed, estimated 3-dB auditory filter bandwidths were two to three times larger than those typically found in normal listeners. Notched-noise masking results at 250 Hz from the least hearing-impaired listener gave an estimated 3-dB bandwidth in reasonable agreement with that from the same listener's PTC data. Listeners who retain some frequency selectivity are able to make some use of first formant information in vowel identification, and preliminary results from one patient showed the ability to distinguish a variety of noise spectra. Both of these abilities could be of potential importance as a basis for the recoding of speech spectral patterning through stimulation matched to the listener's residual frequency selectivity.

Auditory Threshold↗