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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Contributory factors to traffic accident deaths identified at coroner's inquest.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an important public health problem and the collection of local information is central to successful accident initiatives in a district. As the local coroner is responsible for investigating accidental deaths, the coroner's inquest files are a potentially useful source of information in developing a district strategy to reduce accidents. METHODS: A consecutive series of fatal RTAs occurring within the city of Liverpool (1990-1992) were identified and the inquest records of the city coroner reviewed retrospectively to describe the local pattern of fatal RTAs and identify contributory factors. RESULTS: A total of 95 deaths were reviewed. Deaths predominantly involved pedestrians (72) and private cars (70), on roads where the speed limit was 30 m.p.h. (75), often on the main arterial roads of the city (53). Important contributory factors included alcohol consumption by the fatality (31), unsafe driving (31), unlit street lighting at night (16), and pedestrians failing to look (12). Both alcohol consumption and unsafe driving prominently involved younger adult males. More than two-thirds (64/95) of deaths had one or more contributory factors identifiable from inquest records. CONCLUSIONS: Coroner inquest records provide a useful source of information to identify opportunities and priorities for preventing fatal RTAs in a district. The subsequent accident strategy for Liverpool, part of the City Health Plan, advocates a co-ordinated approach that includes engineering measures to reduce vehicle speeds and protect pedestrians, measures to address driver attitudes, and the enforcement of current legislation in relation to alcohol and speeding.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthy communities must also be sustainable communities.

The author contends that healthy communities must be both environmentally and socially sustainable, given that health depends on the quality of the built and natural environments, and that global change resulting from the industrial economy is affecting the web of life. He argues that suburban sprawl wastes scarce resources and disproportionately places those resources in the hands of suburban dwellers. Urban areas can be made more environmentally sustainable, especially with respect to energy consumption, which will help reduce air pollution and climate change and contribute in other ways to improved health.

City Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Police as contributors to Healthy Communities: Aiken, South Carolina.

In Aiken, South Carolina, community policing has led to numerous innovative programs that have contributed to a healthy community. The MOMS and COPS (Managing Our Maternity System with Community Oriented Policing System) program has played a significant part in the county's 50% decrease in infant mortality since 1989 and contributed to Aiken's designation as an All-America City in 1997. Other programs include a mentoring program for at-risk teen girls; instant crime reporting with donated cellular phones; seminars for seniors to alert them to scams and common crimes; demolition of unsafe homes; free installation of smoke detectors; a child ID program; and parental education on child brain development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A park for all the people.

A small park in downtown Oakland, California, has been a focal point for community-building and neighborhood improvement. This effort embodies the Healthy Cities cooperative approach to promoting social justice and positive community change. The story of the revitalization of this park is a story of individual and personal actions that collectively have shaped policy and strategy to improve the quality of life in this city.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using marginalization theory to examine pedestrian injury: a case study.

Hall, Stevens, and Meleis' critical feminist theory of marginalization provides a useful lens through which to examine both the role of the automobile in Western society and the related phenomenon of automobile-pedestrian injury. This article draws on a specific case of automobile-pedestrian fatality in San Francisco's Mission District to show how the marginalization of neighborhoods, groups, and individuals occurs in an autocentric environment. Nurses can use concepts of marginalization to inform and dialogue with communities about healthier, safer transportation options and ways to achieve them.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

Advances in urban-drainage management and flood protection.

Since the beginning of modern urban drainage in the 19th century, the sole objective has been to get rid of sewage and storm water in the best possible way and design the systems according to accepted standards. In recent decades, advanced methods have been developed not only to refine the design but also especially to enable the assessment of hydraulic performance and pollutant emissions. Consequently, urban drainage has become part of an integrated approach concerning flood protection as well as ecological aspects for whole watersheds. Another major change concerns the management of urban systems: simple structural maintenance has been replaced by interactive operational management and control of the systems in order to make better use of the facilities. Rehabilitation has become a multi-objective task. This paper looks at today's basic principles of urban drainage and tomorrow's potential advances, and deals with their relevance to flood protection.

City Planning↗
PubMed1996

Researching under fire: issues for consideration when collecting data and information in war circumstances, with specific reference to relief and reconstruction projects.

The post-Cold War era has witnessed an increased number of conflicts and higher levels of international intervention by the humanitarian community and the military. Those who undertake to research the actions of relief and development agencies acting in these wars must act within new parameters that require a flexible, innovative and reflective approach. Not much is known about data collection in war. The most relevant publications come from the field of development studies. This paper is a beginning in a much-needed discourse on researching under fire; it is offered not as a definitive work, but as a starting-point for discussion.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing the system: a quality management approach to pressure injuries.

The quality management (QM) department at a large integrated healthcare system developed a methodology for preventing, predicting, and treating pressure injuries across the continuum, from acute care to long-term care to home care. The initiative, the first recipient of the Ernest A. Codman Award of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations in the network category, resulted in decreased incidence and severity of pressure injuries, reduced length of stay, and significant cost savings to the system. The process the department used illustrates how an innovative QM program can facilitate change and institute a uniform standard of care.

Continuity of Patient Care↗