SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cephalometry”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Quantitative assessment of the morphology of the pig's head used as a model in surgical experimentation. Part 1: Methods of Measurements.

Thirty-two surface measurements were described for assessment of the effect of complex surgical operations on the skeleton of the face in pigs. The methods of measurements imitate those of anthropometry. The surface measurements can complement cephalometry with data about the changes in the soft tissue and thus improve the documentation of the effect of surgery. This paper can help in the evaluation of complicated osteotomy procedures using the pig as the animal model, for facial reconstruction research in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Measurement of mandibular angle protrusion and semi-blind amputation of hypertrophied mandibular angle with the help of a pre-made mold].

OBJECTIVE: Mandibular hypertrophy is a subjective diagnosis to some extent. The authors tried to find a way for true objective diagnosis of mandibular hypertrophy. METHODS: Radiographic cephalometry was performed in 39 randomly selected adults. The degree of the mandibular angle was measured and summarized. According to measurement of the mandibular angle and the extent to be amputated, we designed and made various molds. RESULTS: With this pre-made mold, we amputated semi-blindly and exactly the desirable size and shape of the mandibular angle. This technique has been used in 6 patients for mandibular amputation and masseter thinning. In three patients shaving of the out layer of the hypertrophied mandible was also done. CONCLUSION: The new technique using the pre-made operative mold shortens operating time, reduces surgical bleeding and tissue swelling, and can help to remove the bony block precisely.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

A cephalometric study of velar stretch in 8 and 10-year old children.

Radiographic cephalometry was used to examine the prevalence, magnitude, and relationship between velar stretch and other commonly employed cephalometric measurements in forty (40) normal-speaking 8 and 10-year-old children. Velar stretch was not universally observed although the average soft palate length characteristics of these children measured during speech were significantly longer than the resting or intrinsic palate length measurements. Significant differences in average stretch magnitude were measured as a function of speech task (/u/ vs /s/) and subject age (8 vs 10-year-olds). Although velar stretch was significantly correlated with several commonly used cephalometric measurements, stretch was not well predicted by any single cephalometric measurement used in this research. These findings are interpreted in terms of their implications for determining velopharyneal adequacy for speech and their implications with respect to developmental features of velar function.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2000

Factors related to the efficacy of an adjustable oral appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether any physiological or cephalometric parameters could be used to predict the efficacy of the Klearway oral appliance (OA) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: Forty-two male and 5 female patients with OSA were recruited on the basis of baseline polysomnography with a documented Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) > 15 per hour. Repeat polysomnography was performed with the appliance in place. Baseline cephalometry was performed for each patient. Subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the degree of change in AHI with OA therapy: good response (> 75% decrease in AHI), moderate response (25% to 75% decrease range in AHI), and poor response (< 25% decrease in AHI). RESULTS: Patients with a good response were younger and had smaller upper airways. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that a better treatment response with the Klearway appliance was obtained in patients who were younger and had a lower body mass index, a longer maxilla, a smaller oropharynx, a smaller overjet, less erupted maxillary molars, and larger ratio of vertical airway length to the cross-sectional area of the soft palate.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Smile analysis and face-bow transfer: enhancing aesthetic restorative treatment.

The objective of current aesthetic dental treatments are to enhance the patient's smile by improving the overall dental appearance. A detailed analysis of the patient's face as it relates to the three-dimensional position, shape, and color of the teeth is required to improve this appearance. A full frontal and lateral evaluation of the patient's facial form is required to successfully complete on aesthetic smile evaluation. Additional considerations include cephalometry and a thorough dental analysis. This article demonstrates a comprehensive smile analysis technique and its communication to the dental technician.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The effect of conical radiographic projection: a study in 3D].

Since 1925, the work of BROADBENT and the invention of the cephalostat (in 5), radiographic cephalometry has enabled us to have a detailed knowledge of craniofacial structures, and to better understand the form of the skull. At the same time it enabled us to understand the maxillo-facial growth and dental maturation. However, they have given rise to many controversies because of magnifying power and distortions. The question posed by magnification is still debated, even if some authors have attempted to solve the problems brought forward by distortion effect which seem to neglect radiographic conical projection. This study aims to appreciate not only the magnifying and its distortion consequences but equally the effect of conical X ray. The authors make use of mathematical equations and attempt to bring forward a correction based on 3D projection.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2001

[State of the upper respiratory tract in patients with stage I arterial hypertension].

AIM: To study morphofunctional features of the upper airways (UAW) in wakeful patients (juveniles with arterial hypertension stage I) and genetic predisposition to UAW obstruction in sleeping patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of 18 juveniles with arterial hypertension stage I and II normotensive juveniles included measurements of body mass index (BMI), circumference of the neck (CN), conduction of lateral cephalometry, MR imaging of UAW tissues, evaluation of nasal breathing, smoking habits and collection of family disease history. All the patients were examined by otorhinolaryngologist. RESULTS: Hypertensive juveniles appeared to have significantly higher values of BMI, CN, ANB, NAPg angles, distance between the hyoid bone and the mandible, anteroposterior tongue length in lateral projection, less values of SNPg angle (p < 0.05). Relatives of hypertensive juveniles had significantly greater prevalence of hypertension, snoring and their combination. CONCLUSION: In arterial hypertension there are some anatomofunctional grounds to UAW resistance in sleep. In addition to hereditary predisposition to hypertension, this may underlie development of wakeful systemic hypertension.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[The value of cephalometric analysis in diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVES: To study the value of cephalometric analysis in the diagnosis, treatment option and evaluation of prognosis. METHODS: A detailed cephalometric analysis was performed using lateral X-ray films from 50 cases with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: Statistical results showed that OSAS patients were different from controls in the following aspects: 1. Their uvula, soft palate and tongue were significantly enlarged. 2. The hyoid bone was displaced inferiorly and posteriorly. 3. The posterior airway space (palatopharyngeal plane) was narrow. 4. The hard palate was elongated. 5. The mandibular body was retropositioned. Fifty unselected consecutive OSAS patients(mean AHI 51.42 +/- 3.96, Medilog SAC 847, Oxford UK) underwent LAUPP using CO2 laser. Twenty-five cases were followed-up for 4-8 months. 10/25 had obtained a reduction in AHI > 50%, 15/25 had AI < 20 times. The success rate was compared with cephalomentric findings. CONCLUSION: Cephalometry has an important diagnostic and predictive value in the clinical investigation of patients suspected of having OSAS.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Hard palate lengthening by palatal suture expansion: an experimental study in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: Scar contraction and lack of bony support for soft palate in traditional surgery of cleft palate are main causes of a shortening soft palate and its developmental deficiency. The wound and scar also lead to aberration of facial growth. In order to resolve these problems, lengthening of hard palate by transverse palatal suture expansion was studied. METHODS: Six mongrel dogs of 8-week age were used in the study. Amalgam markers were implanted in the hard palate of the animal. A NiTi-shaped memory alloy (NiTi-SMA) arch wire with a force level of 600 g was used to expand the palato-maxillary suture with a retention period of 8 weeks. The dogs were killed at the age of 36 weeks. Serial X-ray and cephalometry were used to investigate the changes. RESULTS: The suture expansion was generally completed in 4 weeks. The distance of separation of the palatine bone and maxilla was 1.0 to 1.5 cm. Premaxilla became protrusive significantly at the beginning of the suture expansion, then restored gradually to its original position. The length of hard palate increased 4.6 to 5.9 mm by dry skull measurement. CONCLUSION: Hard palate could be permanently lengthened anterior-posteriorly by transverse palatal suture expansion.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[The study of automatic cephalometric analysis system].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a system of automatic cephalometric analysis and compare the reliability of the computer software systems (ACAS and OSPES). METHODS: The establishment of the ACAS computer software system by image processing technique was introduced. 15 cephalograms were used for comparing the reliability of cephalometry between ACAS and OSPES. RESULTS: The results shown that the ACAS is more reliable for soft tissue profile measurement than OSPES. CONCLUSION: The application of ACAS would supply a valuable measurement tool for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2001

[Comparison of the cephalometric characteristics of snoring patients and apneic patients as a function of the degree of obesity. Apropos of 162 cases].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to compare cephalometric analysis of craniofacial features in normal weight or obese subjects who are habitual snorers or apneic. We conducted a retrospective comparison of their clinical and cephalometric features by degree of obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty two male subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosed by conventional polysomnography were included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and their apnea/hypopnea index (AHI: Group 1 = normal-weight snorers (34 patients), Group 2 = normal-weight apneic subjects (40 patients), Group 3 = obese snorers (20 patients), Group 4 = obese apneic subjects (68 patients). Lateral cephalometry was performed in all patients. Intergroup comparisons (2/4, 1/2, 3/4) were made using 32 parameters to study the influence of the size of bone structures, their relationships, and size of the upper airways. RESULTS: The four groups were comparable for age. AHI was higher for group 4 (obese apneic) compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers). Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 1 (normal-weight snorers) had a retroposition of the mandible (smaller SNB and ANB angle), an accentuated facial divergence and a narrower pharyngeal space at the hyoid bone level. Compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers), group 2 (normal-weight apneic) had a narrower pharyngeal space at different levels. Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 4 (obese apneic) had a lower hyoid bone evaluated with different cephalometric variables. CONCLUSION: This study mainly shows that apneic patients exhibit craniofacial differences when divided into two groups according to their body mass index. Our findings are consistent with previous reports and could suggest a dual etiology of OSAS.

Body Mass Index↗

PubMed2002

Velopharyngeal anatomy in snorers and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Velopharyngeal structures play an important role in the pathogenesis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hence they form a tempting target for surgical interventions in the treatment of these sleep-related breathing disorders. The assessment of the patient with snoring should therefore include a thorough evaluation of the velopharynx. The clinical evaluation of the velopharynx is discussed in normals and patients who snore (with or without OSA), as well as the features obtained using cephalometry and CT and MR imaging.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2002

[Cephalometric assessment in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome].

Several cephalometric studies have been published to study sleep apnea and hypopnea. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear analysis of the different and apparently contradictory cephalometric results and to describe certain pitfalls of the method. In general, an excessive development of the tongue and soft palate are observed in these subjects, limiting the pharyngeal airway. Bony anomalies include mandibular retrognathism and an excessive anterior ventral development of the skull associated with insufficient anterior growth of the base of the skull. The head is held in extension. These different factors contribute to blocking the upper airway and favor pharyngeal collapse. Cephalometry can be used to identify patients at risk and to propose an apnea/hypopnea index for precise etiological diagnosis and therapeutic decision making.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2003

[A pilot study on jaw relation of edentulous patients with digital cephalometric system].

OBJECTIVE: To study the edentulous patients facio-maxillary characters, and discuss the base of recording jaw relation by swallowing action. METHODS: Forty-three edentulous patients were included in this study, age ranged from 57 to 70 yr, with new comfortable full dentures. Two lateral cephalograms for one patient were taken by SIRONA digital X-ray dental system, one of which was centric occlusion with full denture, another was the end position of swallowing action without denture. RESULTS: The vertical facial dimensions of male were a little more than that of female. The ratio of lower front facial height/upper front facial height was about 6/5, angle S-N-Po was about 78 approximately 80 degrees. These data may be useful for dentists to make diagnoses if the jaw relation is right or not. Both in vertical or anterior-posterior (horizontal) dimension, the differences between two groups (two actions in one patient) were not significant. It showed that two positions of two actions were the same. CONCLUSIONS: The SIRONA digital X-ray dental system for cephalometry was swift, and had its own characters. The way of swallowing and occluding is one of efficient methods to record the jaw relation of edentulous patients veraciously and naturally.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Configuration of facial profile in adults with isolated cleft palate.

X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of the configuration of the skeletal and soft tissue profile in 81 adult males with isolated cleft palate. They were assessed in three subgroups, i. e. with complete and incomplete clefts and with clefts of the soft palate alone and were compared with a matched group of controls consisting of 50 normal males, as well as with the situation in the earlier examined series with unilateral cleft lip and palate. In isolated cleft palate both the upper and lower jaws were retruded. The maxilla was most markedly retruded in incomplete clefts and most slightly in clefts of the soft palate alone, while the mandible showed the smallest degree of retrusion in complete clefts. The configuration of the skeletal profile was similar as in unilateral cleft lip and palate, yet positive overjet was on the average restored in all types of isolated cleft palate. A more favourable configuration of the profile was present in patients with cleft soft palate alone, in the absence of an impairment of sagittal jaw relations. Changes in the configuration of the soft profile were due mainly to skeletal deviations. The retrusion of skeletal framework of the middle face was to a large degree masked by the larger thickness of the upper lip, in complete clefts also of the lower lip. Therefore the prominence of the upper lip was only slightly impaired and slight flattening of the face occurred only in complete clefts. The more horizontal slope of the columella resulted in a reduction of the nasolabial angle. Some deviations from the described pattern occurred in clefts of the soft palate alone (steeper slope of the upper lip with an unchanged nasolabial angle, normal thickness of the upper lip a. o.). The findings are suggestive of a differing facial physiognomy in isolated cleft palate.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Establishment of normal value of posterior arch length of adolescence in Chengdu].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of third molar embryo and establish the normal value of posterior arch length of adolescence in Chengdu. METHODS: The samples consisted of 40 males and 41 females with Class 1 dentitions, normal second molar occlusion, no history of orthodontic treatment, and good facial balance. Cephalometry and statistic analysis were conducted for all the subject. RESULTS: The normal value of posterior arch length of maxilla in male was(16.52 +/- 2.35) mm and in female was(16.42 +/- 2.55) mm. The normal length of mandible was(13.00 +/- 2.44) mm in male and(12.43 +/- 2.18) mm in female. But statistic analysis showed no gender difference. Most of the third molar embryo had been formed and their tooth crowns had been calcified, the occurrence ratio was 84.0% in maxilla and 85.2% in mandible. Most of them located in the middle and inclined mesially. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study will be valuable for our clinical practice and be helpful for the study concerning dento-facial growth and development.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[A computerized system for image cephalometrics].

This system is composed of: (1) a perspective table, (2) TV camera, (3) a high-resolution image displayer, (4) a computer, (5) a laser printer The functions of this system are as follows: (1) It can perform cephalometries directly from image of X-ray film, (2) it can diagnose and analyse the deformity and provide treatment plan. This system is valuable for orthodontics and surgical orthodontics.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1992

Treatment of Class II, div. 1 malocclusion with the activator and with the Begg technique.

The effect of treatment of Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion with an Andresen activator or with the Begg technique with or without premolar extraction was studied retrospectively with X-ray cephalometry. The treatment with the Begg technique was followed by a phase of retention with an activator. Three groups of 25 children who had been treated with one of the methods were compared regarding facial morphology and soft tissue profile before and after the treatment and changes during the period of treatment. The treatment effect (correction of the distal occlusion and normalisation of the overjet and overbite) was similar with the three methods. The overjet was mainly corrected through skeletal changes, which accounted for 70%, 77% and 62% of the overjet correction produced by the activator, Begg extraction and Begg non-extraction treatment, respectively. Thus, all three methods of treatment had a skeletal (orthopedic) effect. The dental component of the overjet correction was with all three methods of treatment a retroclination of the upper incisors. This was to some extent offset by a retrusion of the lower incisors, which also occurred in all groups. The facial morphology and the soft tissue profile after the treatment were similar in the three groups. There were no differences in the soft tissue profile and only marginal differences in facial morphology as a result of the three methods of treatment.

Activator Appliances↗