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Results for “Computer Communication Networks”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

IAIMS and sharing.

The Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) concept is about sharing resources and information, and about improving the decision-making ability of health care professionals by integrating information. At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, the IAIMS project has established an information architecture based on common, shared computing and networking resources. The institutional computing culture has been changed with increased sharing of information and, consequently, improved quality of information. Several classes of information in the areas of clinical, scholarly, administrative, basic research, and core resources have been identified for better understanding of information responsibility. Technical problems such as heterogeneity on workstation platforms and lack of universal syntactic and semantic standards for health care information exchange still impede inter-institutional sharing of information.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1996

An extensible network query unification system for biological databases.

Database federation enables biological researchers to utilize resources more effectively, creating an environment in which the researcher can query multiple data sources without spending time learning new query mechanisms or issuing redundant queries which need to be integrated. Several mechanisms exist to federate databases. The ENQUire system is a network database federation system which uses a World-Wide-Web (WWW) interface to connect the users to various databases. Generic queries entered via a query generator form are sent in parallel to multiple databases, and the results are presented to the user in a unified format. All forms building, query generation, and results translation is done on the fly, and individual database translation modules can be added dynamically. ENQUire is a flexible answer to the problems of database federation on the WWW.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2000

[Gynecological ultrasound network: new concepts].

Digital data processing and storage are advancing in many medical settings. Some ultrasound machines process, store and provide images digitally. For many obstetrical and gynecological ultrasound units electronic filing and reporting are essential parts of their documentation. However, patient data are often entered redundantly into the different systems (admission and billing, encoding of diagnoses, medical reports etc.). Bi-directional exchange of textual data is the first step towards successful integration. Additionally, affordable central digital video storage from different sources within a department or hospital will soon become available.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1999

Power of heterogeneous computing as a vehicle for implementing E3 medical decision support systems.

A computer system of PCs, workstations, minicomputers etc., connected together via a local area network or wide area network represents a large pool of computational power. Our aim is to use this power for the implementation of E3 (efficiency, effectiveness, efficacy) medical decision support system, which can be based on different models; the best of them are providing an explanation together with an accurate and reliable response. One of the most viable among models are decision trees, already used for many medical decision making purposes. In this paper we would like to present a heterogeneous implementation of genetic algorithm for the induction of decision trees with emphasis on solving the mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1992

M NET: a statewide referring physician computer network.

M NET, the Referring Physician Computer Network, is a joint project between the University of Michigan Medical Center (UMMC) and IBM. A graphical user interface was developed to allow referring physicians easy access to a variety of patient, clinical, and institutional data. File transfer mechanisms were created and current clinical database files and programs were enhanced and restructured to facilitate remote data transmission. M NET is currently installed in referring physician office sites across the state, with additional physician sites identified and program enhancements under development.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1991

Incorporating client-server database architecture and graphical user interface into outpatient medical records.

Computerized medical record systems require structured database architectures for information processing. However, the data must be able to be transferred across heterogeneous platform and software systems. Client-Server architecture allows for distributive processing of information among networked computers and provides the flexibility needed to link diverse systems together effectively. We have incorporated this client-server model with a graphical user interface into an outpatient medical record system, known as SuperChart, for the Department of Family Medicine at SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse. SuperChart was developed using SuperCard and Oracle SuperCard uses modern object-oriented programming to support a hypermedia environment. Oracle is a powerful relational database management system that incorporates a client-server architecture. This provides both a distributed database and distributed processing which improves performance.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗

PubMed2004

A continuous available (CA) server for medical imaging applications.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The trend of medical imaging research and application is toward large database management and manipulation, which requires a robust image server to receive image data from sources and to deliver them to users reliably and in a timely fashion. This article describes the design, implementation, and clinical applications of a continuous available (CA) image server for these purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of the CA image server is based on the concept of a triple modular redundancy server with three redundant server modules. Coupled with a majority voting mechanism in the three modules and failover software, the triple modular redundancy server takes care of all single points of failure hardware components in the CA image server automatically to achieve fault tolerance. Methods and procedures of evaluating the fault tolerance system reliability caused by network connectivity, motherboard, and disk storage failures are described. RESULTS: Thorough experimental results in laboratory and clinical environments verify that the image server achieves 99.999% hardware up time (or 5 minutes/year down time), satisfying the industrial terminology of hardware continuous availability. Performance of failover of the CA image server is automatically tabulated during these procedures. CONCLUSION: Applications of CA image server are extensive. Two examples are given including Picture Archiving and Communication System, and off-site back-up archive using the Application Service Provider model. As designed, the CA image server is portable, scalable, affordable, easy to install, and requires no human intervention during failover and system recovery.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2000

Critical care computing. Past, present, and future.

With rapidly increasing processing power, networks, and bandwidth, we have ever more powerful tools for ICU computing. The challenge is to use these tools to build on the work of the Innovators and Early Adopters, who pioneered the first three generations of systems, and extend computing to the Majority, who still rely on paper. What is needed is compelling evidence that these systems reduce cost and improve quality. The experience of other industries suggests that we need to address fundamental issues, such as clinical organization, roles, behavior, and incentives, before we will be able to prove the benefits of computing technology. When these preconditions are met, the promise of computing will be realized, perhaps with the upcoming fourth-generation systems. ICU computing can then finally cross the chasm and become the standard of care.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1990

How to build a connectionist idiot (savant).

This paper describes the development of a connectionist model of an idiot savant date calculator using a multi-layer back-propagation network. The model mimics the behaviour of idiot savant date calculators in learning to perform the date calculation task without the need either to develop arithmetical skills or to encode explicit knowledge about regularities in the structure of dates. However, the performance of the model highlights limitations on the use of back-propagation as a general-purpose learning algorithm in complex problem domains. Even with a relatively simple problem like date calculation back-propagation can only succeed when forced to take a highly structured and modular approach to learning.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1995

Enroute toward a computer based patient record: the ACIS project.

The clinical arm of the University of Utah operates a 400 bed general hospital and 30 specialty and subspecialty clinics and with the advent of managed care will soon be linked to a much wider network of health care facilities throughout the state. Each of these patient care facilities maintains its own patient record. To provide common access to data on any patient needed to provide continuity to the care process where ever it occurs, the institution has embarked on the development of a completely electronic patient record. In this paper we will describe the route we have taken to achieve this goal in hopes of providing some sign posts along the way for others seeking the same destination.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1996

[Preliminary study of radiological image transmission with B-ISDN].

We evaluated the utility of image transmission using broad band ISDN (B-ISDN). The B-ISDN network links Tohoku University Hospital (TUH), interfaced with CDDI, and Tohoku University Department of Technology, interfaced with FDDI (including Tohoku University Computer Center interfaced with Ethernet), at 10km distance interfaced to a Unix workstation. Voluminous radiographic images like MRI 3-D images of the pelvic organs digitized at 5-20 megabytes were transmitted at mean data rates of 1.03Mbps (CDDI-Ethernet) and 30.1Mbps (FDDI-CDDI) with no image distortion. Initially the image data are transmitted to the Computer Center & Department of Technology, then processed and relayed to TUH. B-ISDN can provide fast, accurate image transmission.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1999

AIDMAN--advanced informatics distributed medical access network.

We describe AIDMAN, a pilot project in which health clinics in remote areas of Greece are connected with mainland hospitals, to provide routine clinical service for both chronic health care and accident and emergency. Clinical practice is supported through the use of the Virtual Consultation Workstation that is being developed and evaluated specifically for the project and which is based on readily available commercial products and international standards. The communication infrastructure remains a major obstacle to any telemedicine project, and for this reason, satellite communication is used in the AIDMAN project to overcome the current lack of digital links and bandwidth. The proposed system will provide real time video, high definition image, shared applications and data over a link running at 128 kbps. In this paper we discuss the design of the AIDMAN system, the Virtual Consultation Workstation and the communication channel.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1995

Teleform scannable data entry: an efficient method to update a community-based medical record? Community care coordination network Database Group.

Community-based multi-disciplinary care of chronically ill individuals frequently requires the efforts of several agencies and organizations. The Community Care Coordination Network (CCCN) is an effort to establish a community-based clinical database and electronic communication system to facilitate the exchange of pertinent patient data among primary care, community-based and hospital-based providers. In developing a primary care based electronic record, a method is needed to update records from the field or remote sites and agencies and yet maintain data quality. Scannable data entry with fixed fields, optical character recognition and verification was compared to traditional keyboard data entry to determine the relative efficiency of each method in updating the CCCN database.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1995

Interventional telemedicine for noninvasive neuroradiosurgery: remote-site high-performance computing, mathematical optimization, and virtual scenario simulation.

Interventional Telemedicine may have potential utility in providing connectivity and access to specialized high performance computing and advanced software resources in support of clinical procedures in the field of Minimally-Invasive Surgery and Stereotactic Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Radiosurgery. Such interventions may benefit from application of nonlinear quadratic inverse solution methods designed to provide the capability to reverse optimize a 'best case' treatment plan. The formidable decision-making challenges posed by increasingly complex optimized data and progressively versatile LINAC delivery systems require volume visualization of projected treatment data and imaging anatomy via photorealistic rendering and virtual scenario simulation techniques. Both these new directions are heavily dependent on access to specialized high performance computing platforms solely accessible via broad-bandwidth network connectivity. This pilot project presents resimulation of retrospective radiosurgical case data using inverse solution optimization models running on workstation clusters and then volume rendered and simulated on the Princeton Graphics Engine Supercomputer. Evidence for effective utilization of such optimization and virtual simulation methods running on remotely accessed, distant high performance computing resources is discussed in view of the potential for long-term clinical investigation and eventual development of Interventional Telemedicine as a clinically practical approach for providing support to remote or non-urban radiosurgery centers in the industrialized and developing world.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1996

Control and use of health information: a doctor's perspective.

The electronic health record offers all advantages of computer based memories. It is accessible over networks, highly structured and allows exchange of information both within the institution and across its borders. However, it has potential disadvantages among which a great risk for confidentiality, integrity and availability of information about identifiable patients exists. The present paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of the electronic health record as well as methods in order to control and use appropriately identifiable patient data. Personal data protection requires a legislation, a code of conduct, information contracts, an organisation under the responsibility of a physician, technical tools for health security, risk analysis methods, standards for development and implementation of computer systems as well as training and teaching sessions.

Belgium↗

PubMed1989

Epidemiological surveillance of suicides and attempted suicides in Aquitaine, south-west France, using an original computer network of sentinel general practitioners.

To improve the epidemiological study of suicide and attempted suicides in Aquitaine, France, we developed a comprehensive surveillance system based on the input of Sentinel General Practitioners (SGPs). From October 1986 to May 1988, for each case of suicide or attempted suicide, the SGPs reported epidemiological data to our system through a computer network of personal home terminals (Minitels). Data included age, sex, method and result of attempt and antecedents. In an analysis of the relationship between the suicidal method, antecedents and results of suicidal act, the principal findings were a high rate of antecedents of suicide attempts by drug overdoses, hangings and drownings; and no antecedents for attempts by the use of firearms. This may show that the increasing accessibility of firearms is making it more likely that impulsive suicide attempts will be lethal.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The north-west region community PACS study.

A recent study in the West Surrey Health Authority demonstrated substantial advantages from viewing a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) as a whole-community asset, that is, a community PACS (CPACS). To test how this concept could be translated to other situations, the present study extrapolated the CPACS concept to the north-west healthcare region of the UK (population around seven million). A CPACS is a network covering multiple hospitals and community organizations, with a single archive and a broadband network to support it. A CPACS would provide a much better service to patients. It would bring financial economies of scale of up to 17%. It could provide the big modernization idea which brings clinicians, managers and technologists together. On the other hand, it could well be too big to manage.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Bluetooth-enabled teleradiology: applications and complications.

Wireless personal area networks and local area networks are becoming increasingly more prevalent in the teleradiology and telemedicine industry. Although there has been much debate about the role that Bluetooth will play in the future of wireless technology, both promoters and doubters acknowledge that Bluetooth will have an impact on networking, even if only as a "niche" product. This article provides an overview of the Bluetooth standard and highlights current and future areas of inclusion for use in a teleradiology environment. The possibilities for Bluetooth in a teleradiology environment without wires are nearly boundless and an overview of current and proposed Bluetooth-enabled radiology equipment and vendors is provided. A comparison of Bluetooth and other wireless technologies is provided, including areas of similarity and potential conflict. Bluetooth and other wireless technologies can not only peacefully coexist but also complement each other and provide enhanced teleradiology services.

Computer Communication Networks↗